Post on 26-Dec-2015
Vocabulary
Classify- to put things into groupsKingdom- the highest or most general group of organisms
Phylum- the second level of classification below the level of kingdom
Class- the level of classification below phylum
Vocabulary
Species- the lowest level of classification
Vertebrate- an organism with a backbone
Invertebrate- animals without backbones
Lesson 1Why do we classify?
Biologists classify a living thing by comparing and contrasting the living thing’s physical characteristics with the physical characteristics or known organisms
A classification systems helps organize information and makes communication more exact.
What dog are you thinking of?
Classification Systems
Today’s classification system was developed by many people and is still changing
The seven levels of classification are: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Classification Systems
The six KINGDOMS of living things are: ArchaebacteriaEubacteriaProtistsFungiPlants Animals
Classification Systems
Archaebacteria- live as single cells. Many do not need oxygen or sunlight to live
Eubacteria- single cells that have materials not found in archaebacteria
Protists- most protists are single cells, but some have many cells. Algae are protists
Classification Systems
Fungi- Mushrooms and molds are fungi. Fungi can be made of one or many cells
Plants- plants have many cells and make their own sugar for food
Animals- Animals have many cells and get their food by eating other organisms
Lesson 2 How do we classify vertebrates?
Every animal has characteristics that distinguish it from all other animals Vertebrates:
They are multi-cellular. They are made of more than one cell
They do not create their own food. They can move on their own during part of
or all their lives.
Vertebrates
Almost all animals do not have backbones. Those that do are classified as vertebrates.
Vertebrates:FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals
Characteristics of Mammals
Breathe air with lungsMake milk for their youngMost mammals have furWarm bloodedBabies are born looking like their
parents
Characteristics of Reptiles
Hatch from eggsScaly skinYoung feed themselvesCold bloodedLay eggsVertebrates
Life Cycle of Amphibians
Metamorphosis- many changes occur during their life
Frog’s Life CycleEggTadpoleGrow legs and tail gets shorterDevelop lungs Start living on land
Discovery of Dinosaur Fossils
Scientist study fossils to classify animals that lived in the past
Fossil evidence indicates that dinosaurs were similar to present day lizards in many ways including: Skeleton with backbone Scales 4 legs
Dinosaurs and lizards have different structures for their legs.
Review
What are the five types of vertebrates?How many cells does a multicellular
organism such as a bear have?Humans are classified as mammals. What
can you predict about the life cycle of humans?
How are birds and mammals alike?Why is the ability to fly not a defining
characteristic of birds?
Review
Why are young birds hatched with parents present, while most young reptiles hatch long after parents have left the nest?
How are amphibians and reptiles similar?What class of vertebrates did you find if you
discovered an animal that hatched from an egg, spent the next stage of its life entirely in water, and then began to get oxygen through lungs rather than gills?
Review
Tadpoles may be found in water and get their oxygen using gills. Why are tadpoles not classified as fish?
What do scientists compare dinosaur fossils with to classify them?
Why do scientists think dinosaurs are more closely related to reptiles than mammals
Lesson 3 How do we classify invertebrates?
Invertebrates are by far the most numerous animals on Earth
Invertebrate are animals that do NOT have backbones.
Invertebrate animals can range in length from microscopic to the width of a basketball court
Mollusks
Mollusks have soft bodies without backbones.Phylum includes:
Snails, Slugs, Clams, Squids (largest invertebrate)
Some mollusks get oxygen through their skin and other get oxygen through gills
Worms
Flatworms- flat and very thin, they live in wet and damp places
Roundworms- can live on water or landSegmented worms- include earthworm
Arthropods
Largest phylum of animalsHave bodies that are divided into separate parts
All arthropods are invertebrates Dichotomous key- an organized series of questions designed to lead to the identification of an unknown organism
Arthropods
Examples of Arthropods:Insects LobstersSpiders
Arthropods receive oxygen in different ways:GillsTubes in the bodyBook lungs
Review
What animals is the largest invertebrate? How are mollusks, worms, and coral different
from fish, birds, and reptiles?How do mollusks obtain oxygen?What are the identifying characteristics of
arthropods?
Lesson 4How are other organisms classified?
Plants produce their own foodPhyla (phylum) includes:
Mosses Ferns Conifers Flowering plants
Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own sugar for food
Plants
Vascular plants- have special tubes that carry food and water to parts of the plant
Parts of a plant:RootsLeaves
Organisms in the plant kingdom are multicellular
Mosses
Characteristics of moss: Not vascular No seeds No flowers
Grows on treesSmall plant with tiny leaf-like structures
Ferns
Characteristics of Ferns: Vascular No seeds No flowers Have feather-like leaves
Will grow larger than moss because it is vascular
Conifers
Characteristics of conifers: Vascular Has seeds No flowers
Phylum includes: Pine, Firs, Spruce
Needle-like leaves