Classifying Organisms:
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Transcript of Classifying Organisms:
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Classifying Organisms:Classifying Organisms:Biological Zonation –Biological Zonation –
Based on where they live / lifestyleBased on where they live / lifestyleThis is how ecologists talk about This is how ecologists talk about
systemssystems
Taxonomic Classification – Taxonomic Classification – Based on structural characteristicsBased on structural characteristicsThis is how evolutionary biologists This is how evolutionary biologists
talk about organisms and the talk about organisms and the relationships between them.relationships between them.
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Biological Zonation:Biological Zonation:Neritic – Shallow, coastal zone. Neritic – Shallow, coastal zone.
Extends to the edge of the Extends to the edge of the continental shelf.continental shelf.
Oceanic – The rest of the ocean. Oceanic – The rest of the ocean. This zone is broken into layers This zone is broken into layers based on how much sunlight based on how much sunlight penetrates.penetrates.
Benthic – lives on, in, or attached to theBenthic – lives on, in, or attached to thebottom of the sea floorbottom of the sea floor
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Benthic Organisms:Benthic Organisms:
Elkhorn Elkhorn CoralCoral
Fire CoralFire Coral Gorgonian Gorgonian
CoralCoral
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Animals that walk on the bottom:
Benthic Organisms:Benthic Organisms:
CrabsCrabs LobstersLobsters Sea Sea
UrchinUrchin
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Plants/Algae growing Plants/Algae growing in the sedimentin the sediment
Benthic Organisms:Benthic Organisms: AlgaeAlgae SeagrassSeagrass
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Burrowing Burrowing AnimalsAnimals
Mole Mole CrabCrab
Coquina Coquina ClamsClams
WormsWorms
Benthic Organisms:Benthic Organisms:
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Benthic organisms can also be Benthic organisms can also be described by their relation to the tides.described by their relation to the tides.
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Biological Zonation:Biological Zonation:Benthic organisms can also be Benthic organisms can also be described by their relation to the tides.described by their relation to the tides.
Supratidal – live above the high Supratidal – live above the high tide line.tide line.
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Blue Land Blue Land CrabCrab
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Ghost Crab
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Fiddler CrabFiddler Crab
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Land Hermit CrabLand Hermit Crab
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Coconut Coconut CrabCrab
Can grow up to 3 feet Can grow up to 3 feet acrossacross
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Spray Zone
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Biological Zonation:Biological Zonation:Benthic organisms can also be Benthic organisms can also be described by their relation to the tides.described by their relation to the tides.Intertidal – live between the high tide Intertidal – live between the high tide line and the low tide line.line and the low tide line.
Stressful Environment –Stressful Environment –Underwater part of the dayUnderwater part of the dayExposed to air part of the dayExposed to air part of the dayHuge temperature change dailyHuge temperature change daily
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LimpetsLimpets
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SnailsSnails
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OperculumOperculum
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MusselsMussels
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OystersOysters
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Wrack Line
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AmphipodAmphipod
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BarnaclesBarnacles
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ChitonChiton
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WormWormss
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Mudskippers
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Birds like sandpipers and oystercatchers move between the
intertidal and supratidal. They rely on the neritic
area for food.
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Biological Zonation:Biological Zonation:Benthic organisms can also be Benthic organisms can also be described by their relation to the tides.described by their relation to the tides.
Subtidal – live below the low tide Subtidal – live below the low tide line.line.
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Classifying Organisms:Classifying Organisms:
The subtidal organisms are classified The subtidal organisms are classified based on their swimming behavior.based on their swimming behavior.
Nekton - swimmingNekton - swimming
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Nektonic Organisms:Nektonic Organisms:
FishFish
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Nektonic Organisms:Nektonic Organisms:
SharksSharksTurtlesTurtlesRaysRays
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Classifying Organisms:Classifying Organisms:Nekton – swimmingNekton – swimmingPlankton – Anything that can’t Plankton – Anything that can’t
swim against a current. swim against a current. From Greek “planktos”, which From Greek “planktos”, which means “drifter”means “drifter”
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PlanktonPlankton Phytoplankton – PlantsPhytoplankton – Plants
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates Primarily tropicalPrimarily tropical Often bioluminescentOften bioluminescent
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Bio Bay off the coast of Puerto
Rico
The water has approximately
750,000 dinoflagellates
per gallon.
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PlanktonPlankton Phytoplankton – PlantsPhytoplankton – Plants
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates Primarily tropicalPrimarily tropical Often bioluminescentOften bioluminescent Responsible for red tidesResponsible for red tides
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Red TideRed Tide
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PlanktonPlankton Phytoplankton – PlantsPhytoplankton – Plants
DiatomsDiatoms Primarily arcticPrimarily arctic SiOSiO22 shell shell
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PlanktonPlankton Phytoplankton – PlantsPhytoplankton – Plants Zooplankton - animalsZooplankton - animals
Holoplankton – always planktonicHoloplankton – always planktonic
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PlanktonPlankton Holoplankton – always planktonicHoloplankton – always planktonicArrow Worm
Copepod
Eggs
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PlanktonPlankton Phytoplankton – PlantsPhytoplankton – Plants Zooplankton - animalsZooplankton - animals
Holoplankton – always planktonicHoloplankton – always planktonic Meroplankton – planktonic for part of Meroplankton – planktonic for part of
their lifetheir life
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Planktonic Organisms:Planktonic Organisms:
Larvae of Larvae of MANY MANY marine marine organismsorganisms
Coral Larvae
Sea Star Larvae
Crab LarvaeFish Eggs
Shrimp Larvae
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Not all plankton is small!!Not all plankton is small!!Ocean Sunfish
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Many marine mammals also spend time in
multiple zones. They are part of all of them!
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Bioluminescence is very common in the ocean
Especially in the deep sea.
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