Class Slides Set 21

Tools and Technologies I

Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies

•lithic (stone)

•bone, tooth, horn / antler

Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies

•lithic (stone)

•bone, tooth, horn / antler

http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo/glossary.htm

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

donto = "tooth"

keratic = "horn"

osteodontokeratic

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

osteodontokeratic

Harappa (c. 3300-2800 B.C.)p. 466

Magdalenian bone artifact.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 332.

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

donto = "tooth"

osteodontokeratic

http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/ask/a6.htm

GlossaryGlossary

osteo = "bone"

donto = "tooth"

keratic = "horn"

osteodontokeratic

Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife,

with inset flint blades.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.

Devon Island, High Arctic Canada.http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html

Tools and TechnologiesTools and Technologies

•lithic (stone)

•bone, tooth, horn / antler

Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies

• basic types

• basic techniques of manufacture

• basic tool uses

• Upper Paleolithic traditions

lithic

tools

Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies

• basic types

• basic techniques of manufacture

• basic tool uses

• Upper Paleolithic traditions

lithic

tools

GlossaryGlossary

tradition

horizon

GlossaryGlossary

similarity of elements over considerable time in a delimited area

– site, locality or region

tradition

Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

UpperPaleolithictraditions

(SW France)

p. 330Upper

Paleolithictraditions

(SW France)

Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132.

Solutrean

Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Source: Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132.

Magdalenian

http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331.

Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.

GlossaryGlossary

tradition

horizon

GlossaryGlossary

similarity of elements over a large area during a “short” time span

horizon

Time line for New World Civililzations.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 479.

GlossaryGlossary

characteristic item that marks an identifiable horizon

horizon marker

Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 491.

Toltecserpentine

columns

Toltecchacmool

GlossaryGlossary

flake tools

core tools

GlossaryGlossary

flake tools

the smaller pieces struck off of a stone

Core and flake.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 386.

Clovis Folsom Plano Dalton

Burin. Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

GlossaryGlossary

what is left over after a flake has been struck off

of a stone

core

Core and flake.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

Stone Tools and TechnologiesStone Tools and Technologies

• basic types

• basic techniques of manufacture

• basic tool uses

• Upper Paleolithic traditions

lithic

tools

#1

pebble

tools

GlossaryGlossary

rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar stone (hammerstone),which creates a jagged edge,

that serves as a chopping edge

pebble toolsaka “choppers”

Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.

sometimes

pebble tools

are also

known

as

“Oldowan

choppers”

http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/oldowanstonetools.htm

#2

Core and flake

tools

are

“bifacial

handaxes”

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

bifacial

handaxesAbbevillian

aka “primitive”hand axes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115.

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

Acheulean

bifacial

handaxes

Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.

Acheulian biface (“hand axe”).

Richard Effland, Maricopa College

Acheulian biface (“hand axe”).

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.

Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from Olorgesailie, Kenya.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.

GlossaryGlossary

• Clactonian (flake)

• Acheulean (core)

• Abbevillian (core)

Lower Paleolithic European and African

bifacial hand axes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

http://www.dartfordarchive.org.uk/early_history/magnified/clactonian_flake_tools.html

#3 bladetools

GlossaryGlossary

•a flake tool that is at least twice as long as it is wide

•a thin-edged fragment removed from a core

blade tool

Burin. Solutrean blade.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

Solutrean blade.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswheredidcomefrompage2.htm

GlossaryGlossary

having a notched edge or sawlike teeth

serrated

GlossaryGlossary

with a furrow or groove

fluted

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 112.

fluting

#4 microliths

GlossaryGlossary

small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core

“micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone”

microliths

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 213.

GlossaryGlossary

made of several partse.g., harpoon, sickle, hammer . . .

compound(composite)

European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler sleeve,

Shaped to fit into the socket of a missing wooden handle.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 389.

Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife,

with inset flint blades.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 393.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.

GlossaryGlossary

with a “handle”

hafted

Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings.

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 384.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1766683.stm

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 106.

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.

GlossaryGlossary

“spear thrower” (Nahuatl, Aztec)

atlatl

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331.

Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.

#5 choppercopping

andflaketools

GlossaryGlossary

“chopper-chopping [flake] tools” . . .

Movius Line

Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed, p. 334.

Movius Line

To Class Slides Set 22

Next: Tools and Technologies II

Making and Using Lithic Tools