CHAPTER 2: ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE

SECTION 1: FOUNDING THE AMERICAN

COLONIES

SECTION 1: FOUNDING THE AMERICAN

COLONIES

AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS

FRENCH --Fur TradeQuebec, Canada—Trading PostMississippi River & Louisiana

DUTCH—New Amsterdam-NYCTrading Colony/Ports

SPANISH-- Catholic MissionsSanta Fe, NM-Protect Territory

VIRGINIA COLONYVA Joint Stock Company gets charter—goal is profit

Jamestown-first permanent English settlement in North America—1607

VIRGINIA COLONYStarvation/Clashes with Indians/No Gold

John Smith-- leader forced settlers to farmJohn Rolfe -->Tobacco=Cash Crop

Virginia GovernmentLand-Owning colonists got the right to elect

Burgesses--Representatives vote on laws1st Legislature

PILGRIMSGroup given land in VA

colony—to come and worship freely

Mayflower lands at Plymouth in New England (MA)

Mayflower Compact—Set up Civil Government

MassachusettsFounded by Puritans—Capital BostonAdult male owns property & church member

could voteBarred other faiths

Connecticut

1st written Constitution--1639

Rhode IslandPuritan Minister--Roger Williams founder--1644

Policies of Religious tolerationSafe place for dissenters

New YorkEngland takes over in 1664—Desire for Wealth

Given to Duke of YorkCommercial Port

PennsylvaniaWilliam Penn—1680Quakers fleeing persecutionHoly Experiment of

Toleration & Equality

MarylandCatholic—Lord Baltimore

Act of Toleration—right of Catholics & Protestants to worship freely

CarolinasKing Charles gave colony to court membersColonists push for greater role in gov’t

↓Splits Carolina in 1729

GeorgiaLast Colony founded—1733

Place for English Debtors to make a fresh startMilitary buffer from Spain

SECTION 2: LIFE IN COLONIAL AMERICA

“COLONIES AS DIFFERENT AS FIRE & WATER”

COLONIAL SECTIONSNEW ENGLAND— NH, MA, CT, RI

Fishing, Ships, Timber: Boston=Business

MIDDLE—NY, PA, NJ, DEFarming NYC/PHILLY (Ports)Diversity

SOUTH—MD, VA, SC, NC, GASmall Farmers/Plantations

Great AwakeningReligious Revival in the 1730s & 1740s

New England & Middle Colonies↓

Effect was greater Religious & Political Freedom; Belief in Equality

EDUCATION & THE PRESS

Education valued—First Colleges (Ivy League)Closely related to religion

Press—Right & Responsibility to print the truth

Government in Colonies

Colonies changed into Royal Colonies↓

Direct British (largest trade empire) Control↓

Mercantilism Trade Laws(only buy British goods & export through Britain)

↓Colonists Resistance (Smuggling)