English Colonies to American Independence “No Taxation without representation”

The American RevolutionBell Ringer:

What important ideas and major events led to the American Revolution?

• Essential Standard 1: Analyze the foundations and development of American government in terms of principles and values.

• CE.C&G. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3• From Colony to Revolution• Topic 1: Mercantilism and the French and Indian War• Topic 2: Taxes, Acts, and a Tea Party• Topic 3: The Declaration of Independence• Topic 4: Lexington to Yorktown

Non- English European Colonies• Spain:• Mexico, Central America, and South America• Western US Present day Texas, New Mexico, California• Florida• They established “presidios” or forts within Mission

Communities• French• Canada Nova Scotia and St. Lawrence River• Fishing and Fur trading• 1690’s established Louisiana along the Mississippi River

and the Gulf of Mexico

English Colonies• Roanoke Colony • Sir Walter Raleigh• Becomes the Lost Colony

• Jamestown 1607/1609• In Virginia founded by the Virginia Company and led by John Smith.• First permanent settlement in the North America• Survived by growing Tobacco as a “cash crop”• The House Of Burgesses• First Legislature in the New World• Partnered with the Royal Governor to govern the

colony.

New England Colonies• The Puritans 1620• “Model Moral (Religious) Communities”• The Mayflower Compact• Provided the framework for colonial “Self-

government”• Comprised of Four separate colonies by 1700.•Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New Hampshire

• Focused on Religious Freedoms and Trade

Middle and Southern Colonies• New York• Maryland• New Jersey• Delaware• Pennsylvania• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

• Middle Colonies focused on a mix of religious freedoms, toleration, and business

• Southern Colonies focused on Agriculture and Cattle Farms• Because of Agriculture, the Slave Trade grew exponentially.

Democratic English Ideals• Magna Carta• King John in 1215• Protected the rights of the people to own private property and guaranteed the right to trial by jury.

• The English Bill Of Rights•William & Mary 1688• A list of guaranteed freedoms from the government.• Required Parliament to meet regularly on behalf of the people.• Finally the Monarch (King and/or Queen) couldn’t raise taxes or build and army without Parliament approval.

The Enlightenment & Great Awakening• Enlightenment:• Intellectual movement that believed that all problems could be

solved by human reason.• Baron de Montesquieu & John Locke main leaders in applying

enlightenment philosophies to government and politics.• Affected Religious beliefs and caused decline in church

attendance.• The Great Awakening• The opposite of the Enlightenment. • Circuit Riders like John Edwards and George Whitfield rode

around on horse back having revivals. Great outpouring of “Holy Spirit” emotion.• Led to new churches and greater religious tolerance. • “If we can figure out how to worship God… we can govern

ourselves.” • What democratic ideas were expressed by Enlightenment

thinkers?

Think. Pair. Share.• Complete the “Analyzing Charts” Activity on page 93.• Answer the questions on your own first. • Then pair up with the person next to or behind you to compare/share answers.

Democratic Ideals• Locke – Government power comes from vote of people•Montesquieu- separation of powers• Rousseau- Direct Democracy• Voltaire- Free speech, religious tolerance

Causes of the American Revolution

• The French and Indian War(s) (1754 – 1763)• British win and gain Canada, Florida, and some of Louisiana in the

Treaty of Paris. But afterwards… • The Crown limited the rights of English settlers who wanted to go

west to settle in Louisiana. (…what the heck man? We fight but don’t get to explore?)

• Taxes: • The Crown needed money to pay for the war and other

settlements in the British Empire. The easiest way was through Taxes.• Some resisted the tax but most were loyal in the beginning.• More taxes caused up risings and the popular slogan was no

taxation without representation!• Initially the problem was with Parliament but later with King

George III• They hoped loyalty to the king would help cut issues with unfair

taxes… it didn’t.

Colonies Resist… and then Revolt!

• Stamp Act (1765): Tax on all paper goods and legal documents.

• Townshend Act (1767): Tax on several English imports.• They boycotted goods that were taxed in order to send a message to the Parliament and King that they would not be bullied.

• Boston Massacre (1770): 5 Colonist killed by British Military (Crispus Attucks)

• Boston Tea Party (1773): Sons of Liberty threw all the tea in the Boston Harbor in protest.

• Intolerable Acts (1774): Harsh punishments on Rebel Colonist.

Coming together…• First Continental Congress: (1774-

1775)•Colonist air grievances and make plans.•Diplomatic efforts to appeal to King George to take away the taxes…. He refuses.

• April 19, 1775 @ Lexington & Concord:•General Thomas Gage in sends British troops from Boston to Lexington and Concord to destroy colonial military supplies.• “Shot Heard Around The World”

“Common Sense” • Thomas Paine, philosopher, wrote

controversial pamphlet “Common Sense” which made the argument that it would be logical for America to break away from the English Crown• Encouraged Congress to move forward

on the Declaration of Independence • Widely read and accepted throughout

the colonies.

Second Continental Congress 1776• The Colonist Declare Independence

(1776)•Written by Thomas Jefferson (a future President) and five other founding fathers. •Formal accusation against King George III as well as a statement of individual civil liberties and human rights.

Revolutionary War• George Washington Mr. Popular | War Hero |

General• War lasted from 1776-1781.• Victory was secured with the help of the French

Navy at Yorktown with the surrender of British General Cornwallis.

• Gained land from the French in the expanded Treaty of Paris. Spain still possess Florida.

• Second Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 but took so long to pass through the Confederate Congress, it wasn’t ratified until January 14th, 1784.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvGAE1JcGV4The Next Chapter Begins…. The Birth of a Nation.