Middle colonies-founding
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Transcript of Middle colonies-founding
The Founding of the Middle Colonies
The “Middle Colonies”:New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware
Home to several previous non-English settlements: Dutch in New Netherlands, Swedes on Delaware Bay
Several large, powerful Indian tribes in the area: Iroquois Nation, Lenni Lenape (the Delawares)
Part of the “second wave” of English colonization after 1660
Became most ethnically and religiously diverse part of the American colonies
Charles II and the “Restoration”
Stuart monarchy restored in 1660
New English attention to its American colonies
Charles created several “proprietary” colonies to reward his supporters
Actual form of government in each colony depended on the will of its proprietor
Colony of New York
Named for James, Duke of York (younger brother of King Charles II)
Originally it was founded by the Dutch as New Netherlands (town of New Amsterdam)
English defeated Dutch in war in 1650s New Amsterdam became New York City in
1664 Many Dutch remained there but no longer
governed the colony
William Penn
Son of an English admiral, became a Quaker
Inherited father’s proprietorship, founded Pennsylvania in 1681
1) Established policy of religious toleration for all; 2) sought good relations with Indians; 3) encouraged German immigration to Pa.
Penn’s Treaty with the Indians
Edward Hicks, “The Peaceable Kingdom,” 1834 (American folk-art)
Typical Early Quaker Meetinghouse
Early Quaker settlements
Established Philadephia (“City of Brotherly Love”) in 1682
Most Quakers lived in and around Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley (including New Jersey)
Some Quakers also lived in Rhode Island, New York, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina
Germans in early Pennsylvania
Mainly settled just west of Quakers, in a rich agricultural area
Included a variety of Protestant groups: Lutheran, Reformed, Mennonite, Amish
Known as “Pennsylvania Dutch” (Deutsch)
The Scots-Irish
Immigrated from Ulster (northern Ireland) in the 18th century
Mostly came for economic reasons
Moved west and south throughout the “back-
country” Appalachian area to get more land
Some came into conflict with Indians living there
The Quest for Liberty in the Middle Colonies
Most people tended to live in areas with others of same ethnic background
Sense of community was less than in New England
Liberty was a practical necessity for different groups to get along
Some whites experienced poverty & hardship as indentured servants
Enslavement of Africans was the most glaring denial of liberty in the middle colonies
A New England Puritan couple and a Quaker couple – can you tell which
one is which? Why?