Post on 29-Jan-2016
Group 1Group 1
Chapter 1 and Chapter 2
WHAT IS RESEARCHA somewhat intimidating term for some, is simply the process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situation factors.
Business research
as an organized, systematic, data-based, critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with purpose of finding answers or solutions to it
Types of business research
Applied research•To solve a current problem•Demanding a time solution•To take a corrective actionExp: Research about a financial decision.
Basic Research•To generate body of knowledge by tying how certain problem that occur in orgnization.Exp: Research about employee performance
Manager and research
I Must Know About
research
To identify problem situations
Know how to discriminate good from bad research
To interact effectively with the external researches
Manager and researchesTo interact most effectively with
researches
Specifying the role and contains
Congruence in the value systems
Roles and expectations made explicit
Relevant philosophies and value system of the organization are clearly stated
Manager and Research1. Identify and effectively solve minor problems in the work setting.2. Know how to discriminate good from bad research.3. Appreciate and be constantly aware of the multiple influences and
multiple effects of factors impinging on a situation.4. Take calculated risks in decision making, knowing full well the
probabilities associated with the different possible outcomes.5. Prevent possible vested interests from exercising their influence in a
situation.6. Relate to hired researchers and consultants more effectively.7. Combine experience with scientific knowledge while making decisions.
Manager and researches
Simply conclusion from our discuss, Research is a process to solve a problem by analyzing all the factors of the situation and observations made concatenated.
And as a Manager, knowledge of research will help us to know how to solve the problem, collect relevant information, analyze the data properly and quickly, and can interact with
the research consultant.
Role of Ethics and business research• Refers to code of conduct or expected societal norm• Begins with the person instituting the research, who
should do so in good faith, pay attention to what the result indicate, and surrounding ego.
• Behavior researches who conduct the investigation• Participant who provide the data• Analyst who provide the result• The entire team that present the interpretation of
the result.
Scientific Research
Scientific research solving problems and pursues a step-by-step logical, organized, and rigorous method to identify the problems, gather data, analyze them, and draw valid conclusions from them.•Scientific investigation tends to be more objective than subjective
Scientific Investigation Non Scientific Investigation
Systematic and Objective Subjective
Based on the information that have been produced in previous studies
emotions and feelings of the research is conducted
Exp: Thesis Exp: financial research
Eight Hallmark of Scientific Research
Purposiveness
Scientific Research
Rigor
Testability
Replicability
Precision and confidence
Objectivity
Generalizability
Parsimony
We Shall examine how the eight hallmarks of science apply to the investigation, so that it may be considered “Scientific”
The Building Block of Science
Refinement of theory Refinement of theory (pure research)(pure research)
OrOrImplementationImplementation
(applied research)(applied research)
Theoretical framework orTheoretical framework orNetwork ofNetwork ofassociationassociation
Interpretation Interpretation of dataof data
Research Research DesignDesign
Analysis of Analysis of datadata
Construct Concepts Construct Concepts Operational definitionsOperational definitions
Data Data CollectionCollection
ObservationObservationIdentification of Identification of
problem areaproblem area
HypothesesHypotheses
◦ Science Methods
• Deductive
• Inductive
• Deductive-Inductive
Seven-step process in the hypothetico-deductive method
• Identify a broad problem area• Define the problem statement• Develop Hypotheses• Determine measure• Data Collection• Data Analysis• Interpretation of data
INDUCTION AND DEDUCTION METHOD
Inductive ReasoningInductive Reasoning Deductive ReasoningDeductive Reasoning
OBSERVATION/ EXPERIMENTOBSERVATION/ EXPERIMENT
PARADIGM/ THEORYPARADIGM/ THEORY
GENERALIZATIONGENERALIZATION PREDICTIONPREDICTION
SpecificCase(s)
Deductive
InductiveGeneral RulesOr Principles
Research in management areas is not always scientific
• In management and social sciences is not always possible to conduct scientific investigation 100%. This is mainly difficulties encountered in the measurement and data collection in the field of subjective such as :
Feelings Emotions Attitudes Perceptions
Alternative perspective on what makes good research• Postivism- Research is seen as the way to get the truth- Concern with the rigor and replicability• Contrutionism- Do not search for the objective truth- Interested in how people views of the world• Critical Realism- Combination of the belief in an external reality (an objective truth) with the rejection of
the claim that this external reality can be objectively measured- Observation will always be subject to interpretation• Pragmatism- Process where concept are generalization of past action- Interaction already had with environment
Advantage of knowledge about different perspective
• Help the researches to get the truth about the subject of the research
• Able to determine the best method to do research• Able to know the steps and coverage needs to be
done in research