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LABORATORY SAFETY RULES
1. Understand the instructions before you start the investigation.
2. Do not eat or drink in a laboratory
3. Do not enter a laboratory without the teacher’ permission.
4. Wash all the apparatus after use.5. Do not run about or play in a laboratory.
6. Do not test anything without the teacher’s instruction
7. Report any breakage of apparatus or accident to the teacher immediately.
8. Check the label on the container to make sure that you are using the
correct chemical
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Test tube Test tube rack
Test tube holder
Beaker
Filter Funnel
BurettePippete
Gas jar
Bunsen burner
Retort stand
Clamp
Tripod stand
Evaporating dishspatula
Wire gauze
Conical flask
measuring cylinder
Laboratory apparatus
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Vernier caliper
Micrometer screw gauge
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Pipette- volume 5, 15, 20,25 ml
Burette- Volume 50 cm3
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poisonous• Alcohol
Sodium ,hydrogen
Concentrated acid or alkali•Mercury
•Chlorofom ,
• bromine vapour
•Uranium,
• plutonium
HAZARD WARNING SYMBOLS
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Scientific investigation
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Continue……
iii State the relationship
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iii. State the relationshipbetween the time taken for theBlanket to dry and the surfacearea of the blanket.……………………………………………………
……………………………………. ……………………………………………………
…………………………………….
I t i t i h t f f t th i f d l
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• Invest igat ion what af fects the swin g of a pendulum
Apparatus and Mater ia ls
Metal bob, string, Meter rule, retot stand and stopwatch.
Determining
Does the length of pendulum affect the swing of the pendulum.
P lanning the experiment
1.Displace the metal bob through the small angel and let it go and start
• the stop watch.
2. Stop the stopwatch after 20 complete swing
3.Record the time.
4.Repeat steps above by using different length
• ObservationLength(cm)
Time for 20 complete swing
20
40
60
80
Conclusion
.Pendulum has takes a longer time when the string is longer and takes a short times when string is shorter
2.Pendulum is faster when string is shorter
Y X
One complete swing
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PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR UNITS
1. We measure these quantities in SI units. SI means In ternat ional of sy stem
2. Five basic quantities and their SI units
Temperature units
0 C = 273 K37 C = 310K100 C = 373K
Basic quantities (symbol) SI units (symbol)
Length
Mass
TimeTemperature
Electric current
Meter (m)
Kilogram (kg)
Second (s)
Kelvin (K)
Ampere ( A )
Weight Newton (N)
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weight mass
Definition
Unit SI
Instrument
to measure
Pull of the Earth / gravity Quantity of matter
Newton (N) Kilogram (Kg)
Spring balance
Triple beam balance
level balanceElectronik balance
THE CONCEPT OF WEIGHT AND MASS
What is the different between weight and mass
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Object Mass Weight
A
B
rubberWatch
pen
Precaution :
Activity
Measuring the weight and the mass of some objects
Appratus and Materials : Triple –beam balance, Spring balance, weight of 10 g,20 g,
and any object in laboratory.Procedure :
1.Put a 10 g weight on a triple –beam balance to measure its mass.
2. Repeat step 1 with other weight and object3. Measure the weight of all the weight and object with spring balance .
Record your result in the table
Use only suitable objects so that you do not damage the spring balance
Conclution :
level balance
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Figure 1.10 figure 1.11
figure 1.12
straight line
Procedure
1. Look at your meter rule
a. How many centimeters(cm) in 1 meter (m)
b. How many milimeters (mm) are there in 1 centimeters (cm)
C.How many milimeters (mm) are there in 1meter (m)
2. How long is PQ in cm and mm ( Figure 1.11 )
a. PQ in cm
b. PQ in mm
3. Which Eye position gives you an accurate reading (figure 1.12)
MEASURING LENGTHS
A. Investigating the relationship between units of length
B. Learning the correct method of taking reading from the scale of a meter rule
Apparatus and materials: Meter rule
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Measuring the lengths of straight lines by using a ruler
Apparatus and Materials : Meter rule
Perocedure :
1.Mesure the length of straight line in figure 1.13.2.Record your measurements in the table below
A B
C
Figure 1.13
Straight
line
Length
Milimeter (mm) Centimeter (cm) Meter (m)
A
B
C
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3.Measuring the length and the width of your table , length and width of theblackboard
Quantities Measurement1
Measurement2
Measurement 3 Average
Table Length
Width
Blackboard
Length
Width
4.Repeat your measurement and get the average reading . Why do you need the average
reading?
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Activity:Measure the length of a curved line
Apparatus and materials : 20 cm thread and ruler
Procedure1. Make a knot at one of the thread
2. Put the knot on one end of the curved line.3. Trace the thread on the curved until it reaches the other end of the line
4. Measure the length of the thread5.Record the measurement in a table
Curvedline
Length 1 Length 2 Length 3 Average
A B
P Q
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Activity:Measuring diameter by using calipers and ruler
Apparatus and Materials : Internal calipers, external calipers , ruler, test tube,beakers 100 ml and 200 ml.
Procedure :1. Open the arms of external calipers. Then close the arms until touch the
wall of the test tube.2.Remove the calipers slowly and measure using the ruler.
3. By the using the same method. Measure the external diameterbeakers 100ml and 250ml
4. Repeat your measurement using the internal calipers5. Record all of your measurement
external calipers internal calipers
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External Diameter Internal Diameter
Apparatus Reading1
Reading2
Average Reading1
Reading2
Average
Test tube
Beakers
100ml
Beakers
250ml
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MEASURING AREADAY
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MEASURING AREAa. Measuring the area of a regular shape
b. Measuring the area of an irregular shape
Procedure:1.Look at the square ABCD and PQRS and the rectangle WXYZ ( figure 1.21 in teks book)
a. What is area, in square milimeter (mm ) , of a small square in ABCD?b.What is the total area of all the small square inside ABCD in
i. Square milimeter (mm ) ?ii. Square centimeter (cm )?
c.How many square of ABCD can we put into PQRS?d.What is the area of PQRS in
i. Square milimeter (mm )?ii. Square centimeter (cm )?
e. How many square of ABCD can we put into WXYZ?f. What is the area of WXYZ in
i.Square milimeter (mm )?Ii.Square centimeter (cm )?
2
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2.Put the leaf on a piece of graph paper. Trace its shape onto the graph paper.
3.Tick ( ) each square that is shape of the leaf. And also tick ( ) the square half covered bythe leaf
i. How many tick ( ) did you make?Ii. Can you estimate the area of the leaf?
C MEASURING VOLUMEDAY DATE:
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C. MEASURING VOLUME1. We use measuring cylinders, burettes and pipettes to measure volume
2. Volume of liquid in millimeter (ml) and centimeter (cm )
Measuring the volume of liquid with a measuring cylinders
Apparatus and materials
Measuring cylinders, test tube, white paper and beakers of different volumes
Procedure1. pour some water into measuring cylinders and look at the surface of the water
a. if the surface of the water curved or flat?b. Which is the correct eye position when taking a reading
c. what is the volume of the water2. Pour the water in the test tube into the measuring cylinders. Record you result
3. Repeat step 2 using water in the beakers.4. Record all the reading in the table
3
white paper
Activity
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subtance Volume(unit)
Test tube 1
Test tube 2
Beakers A
Beakers B
Measuring the volume of liquid with a pipetteDAY: DATE
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Measuring the volume of liquid with a pipette
Apparatuspipette, conical flask, suction pump , coloured water and beakers
Procedure1.Look at scale on a pipette
i. What is the maximun volume that the pipette can measure?ii. Where is the position of the zero mark?
2.Fill a conical flask with some coloured water. Dip the tip of the pipette into thecoloured water.
3. Using the suction pump, suck out the coloured water until it reached it the zeromark.
Place the tip of the pipette into empty beakers. Let the coloured water flow out ofthe pipette
suction pump
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Press
Press
Press
Press
Press
Water out
HOW TO USE TE SUCTION PUMP
Measuring the volume of liquid with a buretteDAY:
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Measuring the volume of liquid with a burette
apparatusBurette, retort stand, beaker, filter funnel
Procedure1.Look at the burette
i. What the maximun volume that the burette can measure?ii. Where is the zero mark?
2.Clamp the burette to the retort stand.3.Put the filter funnel into the mouth of the burette.
4.Pour some water until the water level to the zero mark5.Place the empty beaker below the burette
6.Turn the burette tap to release the water.When the water nears a level 20mlturn of the tap
7.Turn on the tap slowly to let the water drop by drop . Turn off the tap whenthe water level reaches 20ml
8.Repeat to get 15ml, 10ml, 5ml of water.
clamp
Measuring the volume of an irregular and regular shaped solid by the water displacementDAY Teusday DATE:
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Measuring the volume of an irregular and regular shaped solid by the water displacementmethod
Apparatus100ml measuring cylinder, thread, a small stone, big stone,
Procedure
a. Volume of an irregular shaped solid1. Pour 50 ml of water into measuring cylinder.
2.Tie a small stone with a thread and lower into measuring cylinder3.record the new water level
i. What is the volume of the water displaced by the stone?Ii. What is the volume of the stone
4.Find out the volume of other irregular shape5.Record your result
solid volume Volume ofwaterdisplacement
Volume ofsolidWater Water +
solid
Small stone
Big stone
plasticine
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Ingat
Mu
Pondan
Cantik
Comel
Aku
Minat
weh
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Penutup
2. Tasbih Kifarah.
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr