GLOBAL&HISTORY&I&Common&Core&Task:&Roman&Contributions&&Historical&Context:&The$Mediterranean$region$was$home$the$ancient$civilization$of$Rome.$Ancient$Rome$developed$an$advanced$culture$and$society$that$helped$lay$the$foundation$for$culture$in$much$of$the$world$today.$&&Task:$Using$your$knowledge$of$global$history,$come$up$with$an$argument$that$answers$the$following$question:$$Which&contribution&of&Ancient&Rome&had&the&greatest&impact&on&the&world&today?$$Directions:&Using$the$information$from$the$documents$provided$and$your$knowledge$of$world$history,$write$a$wellBorganized$essay$that$includes$an$introduction,$a$body$of$several$paragraphs,$and$a$conclusion.$In$the$body$of$the$essay,$use$examples$from$at$least$four$documents.$Support$your$response$with$relevant$facts,$examples$and$details.$Include$additional$information.&$&Below$is$the$rubric$that$will$be$used$to$assess$your$development$of$this$essay:$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&$$$$$$$

Components 4 3 2 1 0

Organization Introduction states the thesis and provides an overview of the issue Information is presented in a logical order Conclusion strongly reinforces the thesis

Introduction states the thesis and provides an overview of the issues Most of the information is presented in logical order Conclusion states the thesis

Introduction includes a thesis and an overview that may be somewhat unclear Majority of information is presented in a logical order Conclusion does not reinforce the thesis

Introduction and thesis are unclear Information is presented in a confusing or illogical order Conclusion is unclear

Introduction and thesis are missing Lacks adequate information No conclusion

Thesis Identifies the issue and strongly and clearly states a thesis

Identifies the issue and states a thesis

Little reference to the issue, thesis is not clearly stated

Little or no reference to the issue, thesis is not clearly understood

No thesis

Argument Development

Three or more excellent reasons are stated with good supporting details Write anticipates counter-argument

Three or more reasons are stated Details may unevenly support arguments

At least 2 reasons are made Argumentation is somewhat flawed

Less than two distinct reasons are made Argumentation is week

Lacks supporting reasons Argument is mostly absent

Writing Conventions

Demonstrates control of the conventions with no errors, with sophisticated language Academic language is creative and sophisticated and clearly enhances the argument.

Demonstrates control of the conventions Exhibits occasional errors only when using sophisticated language Academic language is appropriate and enhances the argument

Demonstrates partial control Exhibits occasional errors that do not hinder compensation Academic language is used sparingly, but there is some evidence of its use

Demonstrates emerging control Exhibits occasional errors that hinder comprehension Academic language is largely missing from the writing but there is evidence of attention to word choice

Demonstrates a lack of control Exhibits frequent errors that make comprehension difficult No appropriate academic language is used no attention to word choice

Noticing Deeply

Notice basic and specific details in documents, and can connect them with other documents. Have the ability to use the documents to explain and address the task.

Notice basic and specific details in documents and can connect them to other documents and explain them.

Notice basic details in documents and able to simplistically explain them. No connection to other documents

Notice basic details in documents but cannot explain them

No evidence of noticing details in documents

How&to&cite&documents&in&your&essay:&$A$citation$is$a$reference$within$your$paper$that$tells$the$reader$where$your$sources$are$from.$A$good$paper$has$citations$because$it$proves$to$the$reader$that$you$have$done$your$research.$Because$you$have$been$given$documents$for$this$paper,$you$MUST$include$the$documents$(at$least$4)$and$cite$them$within$your$paper.$$$To$cite&a&document,$put$the$citation$at$the$end$of$the$sentence$or$phrase$that$you$wrote$using$the$document.$This$indicates$that$everything$before$your$citation$is$from$the$document.$The$citation$goes$after$the$period.$If$you$use$the$document$more$than$once$in$the$paragraph,$you$only$need$to$include$one$citation.$Below$are$the$rules$for$citing$the$documents$within$your$paper:$$For$documents$that$have$a$source:$

• (Author’s,last,name,$Document$#)$• (Title,of,book,$Document$#)$

$For$documents$that$do$not$have$an$identified$source:$

• (Document$#)$$$To$quote&a&document,$you$must$reference$the$author$of$the$quote.$Do$not$simply$begin$the$quote$in$the$middle$of$the$essay$before$indicating$where$it$is$from.$Here$are$some$sample$starters$you$may$use:$$

• According$to$[author’s,name],$“____________________.”$(Author’s,name,$Document$#)$• According$to$[title,of,book],$“______________________.”$(Title,of,book,$Document$#)$• As$stated$by$[author’s,name],$“________________________.”(Author’s,name,,Document$#)$• As$stated$in$[title,of,book],$“________________________.”$(Title,of,book,$Document$#)$$

$After$you$quote$from$the$document,$you$must$also$explain$the$quote.$Do$not$simply$end$the$paragraph$with$a$quote.$A$good$rule$of$thumb$for$quoting$documents$is$that$the$quote$should$not$be$more$than$2$lines.$Your$explanation$of$the$quote$should$also$be$longer$than$the$quote$itself.$$$If&you&do&outside&research,&you&MUST&include&a&Works&Cited&page&at&the&end&of&your&paper.$Your$works$cited$page$should$be$in$MLA$format.$Information$about$writing$a$paper$in$MLA$format$can$be$found$here:$$

http://www.csus.edu/owl/index/mla/mla_format.htm&$$

Name:&_____________________________________________& Date:&_____________________& Period:&______________&&Common%Core%Task%Documents%Roman%Contributions%&Document%1%%Table&I.&If&plaintiff&(accuser)&summons&defendant&to&court,&he&shall&go.&If&he&does&not&go,&plaintiff&shall&call&witness&thereof.&Then&only&shall&he&take&defendant&by&force.&&Table&III.&When&a&debt&has&been&acknowledged,&or&judgment&about&the&matter&has&been&pronounced&in&court,&thirty&days&must&be&the&legitimate&time&of&grace&(time&for&payment).&After&that,&the&debtor&may&be&arrested.&&Table&V.&As&a&man&has&provided&in&his&will&in&regard&to&his&money&and&the&care&of&his&property,&so&let&it&be&binding.&If&he&has&no&heir&and&dies,&let&the&nearest&male&kinsmen&have&the&inheritance…&&SOURCE:&The$Twelve$Tables&&1.&What&are&some&of&the&rights&protected&in&the&Twelve&Tables?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Document%2%3%Branches%of%Early%Roman%Government%

&2%Consuls% Senate% Assembly%

Oversaw&the&work&of&other&government&officials& Held&office&for&life& Voted&on&laws&suggested&by&

government&officials&

Acted&as&judges& Were&advisors&to&the&consuls&and&other&govt.&officials&

Could&declare&war&or&make&peace&treaties&

Directed&the&army&in&Wartime& Could&approve&or&disapprove&laws&passed&by&Assembly& Elected&the&2&Consuls&

Elected&for&1&year&term& Decided&how&money&should&spent& Elected&government&officials&

Both&consuls&had&to&agree&before&the&government&could&take&action&

Made&decisions&concerning&relations&with&foreign&countries& &

In&an&emergency,&Consuls&could&choose&a&“Dictator”&to&make&quick&decisions&

Had&influence&over&the&consuls&and&army& &

They&chose&the&Senators& & &&2.&How&does&the&early&Roman&government&encourage&citizen&participation?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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%%Document%3%%As&for&the&Roman&constitution,&it&had&three&elements,&each&of&them&possessing&sovereign&powers:&and&their&respective&share&of&power&in&the&whole&state&had&been&regulated&with&such&a&scrupulous&regard&to&equality&and&equilibrium…&What&the&exact&powers&of&these&several&parts&were,&and&still,&with&slight&modifications,&are,&I&will&not&state.&&The&Consuls,&before&leading&out&the&legions,&remain&in&Rome&and&are&supreme&masters&of&the&administration.&All&other&magistrates,&except&the&Tribunes,&are&under&them&and&take&their&orders.&They&introduce&foreign&ambassadors&to&the&Senate;&bring&matters&requiring&deliberation&before⁢&and&see&to&the&execution&of&its&decrees…&&The&Senate&has&first&of&all&the&control&of&the&treasury&and&regulates&the&receipts&and&disbursements&alike…&&The&Senate&controls&also&what&is&by&far&the&largest&and&most&important&expenditure…the&repair&or&construction&of&public&buildings;&this&money&cannot&be&obtained&by&the&censors&except&by&the&grant&of&the&Senate.&&Similarly&all&crimes&committed&in&Italy&requiring&a&public&investigation&such&as&treason,&conspiracy,&poisoning,&or&willful&murder&are&in&the&hands&of&the&Senate&&There&is,&however,&a&part&left&[for]&the&people,&and&it&is&a&most&important&one…&The&people&then&are&the&only&court&to&decide&matters&of&life&and&death;&and&even&in&cases&where&the&penalty&is&money,&if&the&sum&to&be&assessed&is&sufficiently&serious&and&especially&when&he&accused&have&held&the&higher&magistracies.&&Again,&it&is&the&people&who&bestow&office&on&the&deserving…&It&has&also&the&absolute&power&of&passing&or&appealing&laws;&and&most&important&of&all,&it&is&the&people&who&deliberate&on&the&question&of&peace&or&war.&And&when&provisional&terms&are&made&for&alliance,&suspension&of&hostilities,&or&treaties,&it&is&the&people&who&ratify&them&or&the&reverse.&These&considerations&again&would&lead&one&to&say&that&the&chief&power&in&the&state&was&the&people’s,&and&that&the&Constitution&was&a&democracy.&&SOURCE:&Polybius,&The$Histories,&146&BC&&3.&How&is&the&government&Polybius&describes&similar&to&that&of&the&United&States?&&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&Document%4%&The&Roman&Capitol&at&Dougga&(left,&built&c.&166`167)&and&the&U.S.&Supreme&Court&Building&(right,&built&1932`1935)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&4.&In&what&ways&are&the&ancient&and&modern&buildings&in&the&photos&above&similar?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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&5.&Why&do&you&think&the&buildings&look&similar?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Document%5%&Strangers$from$distant$parts$of$the$Empire$always$admired$two$things$above$all$in$the$Roman$towns:$the$water$supply$and$the$drains.$The$Romans$were$very$skilled$builders$and$engineers,$although$they$worked$in$stone,$brick$and$concrete$where$as$we$now$use$iron$and$steel$as$well.$The$water$mains$of$aqueducts$were$often$many$miles$long$from$clean$water$sources$away$from$the$towns.$The$water$flowed$in$a$pipe$that$was$very$easily$level$(the$pipe$would$drop$24$feet$in$every$mile).$Where$the$land$dipped$sharply$the$water$pipe$would$be$carried$on$a$bridge$with$many$arches,$many$of$which$still$survive$in$Europe.$&&&&&6.&How&did&Roman&architecture&influence&the&architecture&of&modern&society?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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&7.&What&are&some&examples&of&buildings&today&that&use&Roman`inspired&architecture?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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&Document%6%%“The&Romans&gave&particular&attention&to&areas&the&Greeks&neglected:&paved&roads,&aqueducts,&and&sewers&capable&of&washing&the&filth&of&the&city&out&into&the&Tiber.&Furthermore,&they&have&also&paved&the&roads&in&the&countryside,&adding&both&cuts&through&fills&and&viaducts&across&valleys&so&that&wagons&can&take&on&a&shipload.&“&$$SOURCE:&Strabo&(Greek&philosopher&and&historian)&&&8.&How&do&the&building&of&roads&benefit&a&society&or&empire?&&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Document%7%%No&one&whatsoever&should&be&denied&the&opportunity&to&give&his&heart&to&the&observance&of&the&Christian&religion,&of&that&religion&which&he&should&think&best&for&himself,&so&that&the&Supreme&Deity,&to&whose&worship&we&freely&yield&our&hearts,&may&show&in&all&things&His&usual&favor&and&benevolence.&Therefore,&your&Worship&should&know&that&it&has&pleased&us&to&remove&all&conditions&whatsoever,&which&were&in&the&rescripts&formerly&given&to&you&officially,&concerning&the&Christians&and&now&any&one&of&these&who&wishes&to&observe&Christian&religion&may&do&so&freely&and&openly,&without&molestation.&&&SOURCE:&Emperor&Constantine,&Edict$of$Milan&(313&CE)&&9.&How&did&the&Edict&of&Milan&promote&the&spread&of&Christianity?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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&Document%8%%

&10.&What&geographical&features&both&helped&and&limited&the&spread&of&Christianity?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Document%9&

While&in&some&other&departments&the&Legacy&of&Rome&to&the&modern&world&is&apparent&only&to&specially&trained&scholars&and&to&those&who&have&learned&from&them,&in&the&domain&of&language&the&greatness…&of&this&inheritance&is&obvious&to&every&person&of&ordinary&education.&It&needs&no&exceptional&learning&and&very&little&reflection&to&perceive&that&if&the&infant&commonwealth&of&Rome&had&succumbed&in&the&struggle&with&the&Etruscan&power,&the&languages&known&to&us&as&Italian,&Spanish,&Portuguese,&Provençal,&and&French&(not&to&mention&others&of&smaller&importance)&would&not&have&existed,&nor&any&languages&resembling&them.&We&all&know&that&the&little&city&state&[Rome],&by&progressive&conquests,&became&the&mistress&of&the&world,&and&that&over&the&greater&part&of&Western&Europe&the&subject&peoples&learned&to&speak&the&language&of&their&conquerors&and&forgot&their&native&tongues,&so&that&at&present&day&what&was&once&the&local&dialect&of&[Rome]&is…&spoken&as&their&mother&tongue&by&half&the&nations&of&the&civilized&world.&And&although&the&Germanic&peoples,&and&the&Celts&of&the&British&Isles&still&preserve&their&native&speech,&their&languages&bear&indelible&traces&of&the&influence&exerted&upon&them&by&Latin&in&the&days&of&Rome’s&supremacy.&&SOURCE:&Henry&Bradley,&from&The$Legacy$of$Rome,&1923&&11.&According&to&the&author,&what&contribution&did&the&Romans&make&to&the&world?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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&12.&Why&was&this&contribution&significant?&_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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&