QUIZ TIME!!!

Clear your desks

No talking or electronics

Raise your hand if you have a question

Put head down when finished

Why is this plant consuming a frog?

What do these words mean?

4 MAIN MACROMOLECULES IN LIVING

ORGANISMS:

MACROmolecules are POLYMERS

• MONOMER is a small molecule that is a single unit

in a much larger molecule

• “MONO” = ONE

• POLYMERS are LARGE MOLECULES made of

MONOMERS (SMALLER MOLECULES) BONDED

together.

• “POLY” = MANY “MER” = molecules

MONOMERSPOLYMERIZATION

POLYMERS

All macromolecules are made up of a small number of elements.

CARBON

PHOSPHOROUS

OXYGEN

SULFUR

NITROGEN

HYDROGEN

Most COMMON ELEMENTS in

LIVING ORGANISMS

*** REMEMBER (“CHiNOPS”)

EC

STRUCTURE OF CARBS

Carbohyrdrates:

Composed of Carbon

Hydrogen and Oxygen

Can be a 5 carbon sugar or

6 carbon sugar

Ribose and

Deoxyribose are 5

carbon sugars

(pentagon)Glucose is 6 carbon sugar (hexagon)

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF

CARBOHYDRATES?

Function: Provides immediate energy

For example: running races

SUGAR!!!!!!

Various types:

Lactose

Fructose

Glucose

Galactose

What

do you

notice?

MONOSACCHARIDE

Monosaccharide = 1 sugar

Decode! Mono means one.

Example: Glucose (sugar): C6H12O6

Plants create Glucose (sugar) during photosynthesis!

DISACCHARIDES &

POLYSACCHARIDES

Disaccharide = 2 sugars

Decode! Di means two units

Polysaccharide = many sugars

Decode! Poly means many units

STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS

Lipids: are made up of 3 fatty acids and 1 Glycerol

What are the monomers of a lipid?

Subunits of Lipids

Draw a simplified version here…

Made up of 3 fatty

acids and 1

glycerol

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Glycerol

FUNCTION OF LIPIDS

Lipids:

Found in the cell membrane

Found in fats and oils

Do not dissolve in water

Long term energy

PROTEINS

Structure:

Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Monomer = Amino Acid

Amino Group:-NH2

Carboxyl Group:-COOH

Side Chain R-Group

STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS

Polymer = protein (also known as a polypeptide)

Each amino acid linked together by a peptide

bond.

Proteins cont.

The sequence of amino acids

determines a protein’s

shape and function.

There are 20 amino acids in

nature, and our body

needs all 20 to work

properly.

9 are ‘essential’ amino

acids that our body

cannot produce,

therefore we must get

them from the food we

eat

FUNCTION OF PROTEINS

1. Growth and repair of cells

2. Control the rate of chemical reactions in your body

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Contains: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and

phosphorus

Monomer = Nucleotide

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Polymer = Nucleic Acid

Examples: DNA and RNA

RNA=>ribose acid

<=DNAdeoxyribonucleic

acid

FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

Stores and transmits genetic (hereditary)

information.

MACROMOLECULES

Answer the following

questions while

watching the video

“CONNECTING WHAT YOU EAT WITH HOW

YOU SLEEP” ARTICLE

1. What were the sleeping patterns of the rats on

the high-fat diet?

2. Describe the relationship between having a

high-fat diet and sleep in humans.

3. What did researchers find regarding calories

consumed and number of hours slept?

4. What is short sleep duration linked to?

HOMEWORK

Read pages 44-48, answer questions 1-5

A-day due: 9/14

B-day due: 9/15

DAY 2

DO NOW

Pickup 2 worksheets and update table of contents

When finished, put all notes away and close your

binders

GUIDED PRACTICE

Procedure for using whiteboards:

Do not write anything on the board other than your

answer.

Only hold up your board when told to do so.

Must come up with your own answer.

Erase the board with paper towel

If you doodle or write other things on the board

you will lose your whiteboard priveleges!

Which molecule is the polymer?

A

B

What is C6H12O6?

GLUCOSE!

What is one function

of a carbohydrate?

What is one function

of a lipid?

What is another

name for sugar?

Write the formula for

a monosaccharide.

What are the two

monomers for a lipid?

Describe what will

happen when you mix

a lipid in water?

What type of

macromolecule would

you use to store

excess energy?

What type of

macromolecule would

you use for energy if

you were running a

race?

Pasta has lots of

starch. Why would a

runner want to eat

pasta before a race?

Why would a bear

want to consume a

high-fat diet before

starting hibernation?

WHAT VOCABULARY WORDS CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE?

(MONOMER VS. POLYMER)

The most important macromolecules in

organisms are made up of smaller units.

Which is the correct pairing of a

macromolecule and its smaller monomer?

A. Carbohydrate - nucleotide

B. Nucleic acid – fatty acid

C. Lipid – monosaccharide

D. Protein - amino acid

WHAT VOCABULARY WORDS CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE?

(MONOMER VS. POLYMER)

C6H12O6

You are analyzing a compound in the

laboratory. You find that it is made up of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two

hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How

will you classify the compound?

A. lipid

B. protein

C. carbohydrate

D. nucleic acid

WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT

MACROMOLECULE?

Which macromolecule do you

think is the most important?

Why?

ACTIVITY: CHART

1. CUT OUT PIECES

2. GLUE IN THE

CORRECT BOXES IN

THE TABLE

3. PUT ALL

MATERIALS AWAY

WHEN FINISHED

4. GO BACK TO

SEAT WHEN THE

TIMER GOES OFF

PRACTICE WORKSHEET

Classify each word as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid. Write C, P, or L next to each blank

1. Starch _______

2. Nucleotide _______

3. RNA ______

4. Unsaturated fat ______

5. Amino acid ______

6. Enzyme ______

7. Wax ______

8. Glucose ______

9. DNA ________

10. Sugar ______

11. Oil ________

12. Saturated fat _______

13. Meat _______

14. Monosaccharides _________

15. Phospholipids ________

PRACTICE WORKSHEET

Identify the specific molecule (using the terms from 1-15 above) from each

description. Some terms may be used more than once.

16. ________________________ provides long-term energy storage for animals

17. ________________________ provides immediate energy

18. ________________________ sex hormones

19. ________________________ one sugar

20. ________________________ speeds up chemical reactions by lowering

activation energy

21. ________________________ forms the cell membrane of all cells

22. ________________________ animal and plant structures

23. ________________________ one sugar

24. _________________________ monomer of protein

25. ________________________ provides long-term energy storage for plants

26. _________________________ steroid that makes up part of the cell membranes

27. _________________________ 3-carbon “backbone” of a fat

28. _________________________ provides short-term energy storage for animals

29. _________________________ many sugars

30. _________________________ forms the cell wall of plants

PRACTICE WORKSHEET

Which specific molecule is each food made of? (Lipid, protein,

carbohydrate)

31. ________ almond

32. ________ beef jerky

33. ________ noodles

34. ________ orange juice

35. ________ cheese

36. ________ wheat

37. ________ bacon

38. ________ egg white

39. ________ table sugar

40. ________ popcorn

EXIT TICKET

No talking or electronics

Keep your eyes on your own paper

Raise your hand if you have a question

Flip paper over, put pencil down when finished

DO NOW: COPY DOWN

TABLE CONTENTS, READ

THROUGH FIRST PAGE OF

LAB AND ANSWER PRE-LAB

QUESTIONS

DAY 3 LAB

SC.912.L.18.1 - Describe the basic molecular structures and

primary functions of the four major categories of biological

macromolecules.

The four macromolecules that make up most biological systems are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The prefix

macro- means large, so these “large molecules” are found

throughout living things. For instance, the cell wall that

surrounds a plant cell is made of the carbohydrate starch; the cell

membrane that surrounds all living cells is composed of a specific

type of lipid, called a phospholipid; muscles in the bodies of

animals are composed of proteins; and nucleic acids can be found in

the nucleus of plant and animal cells. As you can see, even though

these are “large molecules” they are small in relation to what we

can see with the human eye. In this aligned investigation, you are

going to test for the presence of different macromolecules in foods

that may be consumed in an average daily diet. You will also have

to identify both the structure and the function of these

macromolecules after observing the outcome of each test.

PRE-LAB QUESTIONS

What is the purpose of having distilled water as

one of your test substances?

What macromolecule will we not be testing for in

today’s lab? What is the function of that

macromolecule?

IN THE TABLE BELOW, FILL IN THE FUNCTION OF

EACH OF THE FOUR TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Sample Simple Carbohydrate (+ or

-)

Complex Carbohydrate (+

or -)

Protein

(+ or -)

Lipid

(+ or -)

Distilled Water

Milk

Vegetable Oil

Apple Juice

DATE TABLE - HYPOTHESIS

LAB DIRECTIONS

Sample Simple Carbohydrate (+ or

-)

Complex Carbohydrate (+

or -)

Protein

(+ or -)

Lipid

(+ or -)

Distilled Water - - -Milk + - +

Vegetable Oil - - -Apple Juice + - -

Data Table – Results

POST-LAB QUESTIONS

1. A strong result for a Benedict’s Solution test would be to see the sample turn from blue to dark orange or

brown. If you had an unknown sample that you were testing that turned from blue to brown after heating for 3-

5 minutes, which numbered structure below would you know was found in that sample? __________________

POST-LAB QUESTIONS

1. A strong result for a Sudan III test would be to see the sample turn red and under close examination you would

be able to see the small molecules in which the Sudan III dissolved. If you had an unknown sample that you

were testing that showed a positive reaction after being treated with Sudan III, which of the numbered

structures below would you know was found in that sample? ____________________

POST-LAB QUESTIONS

1. Imagine you had an unknown sample and while completing a test with Iodine, your sample turned from brown

to a dark purple. Which of the boxed structures below would be present in the sample? _______________

2. What is the difference in the two numbered structures below?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) (2)

POST-LAB QUESTIONS

1. In the beginning of the lab, we discussed that the prefix macro- means large. You many also know that

macromolecules are also sometimes called polymers. The prefix poly- means “many” and a polymer is a

molecule that is made up on many smaller parts. The “many smaller parts” that make up a polymer are called

monomers, and the prefix mono- means one. One way in which you can identify the structure of a

macromolecule is to identify the numerous small parts (monomers) that make up the large molecule (polymer).

What is the name of the monomer of a protein? ____________________________. Which of the following

numbered structures below shows the monomer of a protein?

(1) (2)

(3) (4)