Post on 16-Dec-2015
PORIFERA
By Albert Chen and Anne Ning
a.k.a. “Pore bearers,” or sponges
http://www.southerncrafter.com/Bath%20Puff%20Sponges%20Assorted.gif
http://www.southerncrafter.com/Bath%20Puff%20Sponges%20Assorted.gifCampbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. Biology. 7th ed. San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2005. (textbook used on all slides)
Sponges
http://blogs.discovery.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/10/29/ejb_051802_038_thumb_2.jpg
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Body Cavity
http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/141995_Porifera.jpg
One central cavity called a spongocoel
Water enters the spongocoel through porocytes
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Body Symmetry• None
Nervous System• None• Individual cells respond to the environment
http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Porifera/Images/rigida.jpg (left)http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecPorifera/PoriVarietyp.gif (right)
Gas Exchange• Individual cells obtain the oxygen they need from their surroundings
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Circulatory System Water is
circulated by the movement of choanocyte flagella
Nutrients from the water are circulated by amoebocytes
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/sponge_1.gif
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Digestive System
Suspension feeders Choanocytes move
water, catch suspended food with their collars, and ingest it through phagocytosis.
Food is then transferred to amoebocytes (with pseudopodia) that digest it and transport its nutrients to other cells.
http://www.planula.com.au/2004/12/11/sponges-more-than-just-a-bathroom-accessory/
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Excretory System
Possess large openings called oscula from which water (and waste) leave
http://www.richard-seaman.com/Underwater/Belize/StillLifes/TubeSpongesThreeOrange.jpg
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Locomotion/Musculature No muscles Flagellated
choanocytes create water currents that bring water in to the spongocoel
Osculum can be closed
Sponges do not move
They are so stationary that the ancient Greeks mistook them for plants
http://uwnews.org/uweek/article.aspx?id=35774
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Skeletal Type Amoebocytes
produce skeletal fibers within the mesohyl
Spicules (sharp) are made from calcium carbonate or silica
Fibers produced from spongin are more flexible
Invertebrate biology [1077-8306] Calcinai year: 2006 vol: 125 issue: 3 pg: 195 -204Albert ChenAnne Ning
Reproduction Sponges are
hermaphrodites— produce both sperm and eggs (one gender at a time) Gametes are produced by
choanocytes or amoebocytes
Eggs stay in mesohyl while sperm leave through osculum. (no self-fertilization)
Larvae swim (or crawl) somewhere, stick, and develop into sessile adults.
They can also reproduce asexually by releasing fragments of adult sponge (gemmules) that can become individual sponges
"The Sponges (Phylum Porifera)." The Earth Life Web. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/porifera.html>.http://www.richard-seaman.com/Underwater/Belize/StillLifes/
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Additional Information Sponges are involved in
symbiosis with algae. In some examples, the “alga represents the main skeleton of the sponge.”
Size—wide range from 1cm to 2m.
9000 species in this phylum, most live in the ocean.
Sponges can produce antibiotics to defend against pathogens
Few predators because of toxins
Invertebrate biology [1077-8306] Calcinai year: 2006 vol: 125 issue: 3 page: 195 -204http://www.ambergriscaye.com/photogallery/art/Azure%20Vase%20Sponge-elbert.jpg
Albert ChenAnne Ning
Taxonomy
One taxonomic scheme:
Phylum PoriferaClass Calcarea
Order Calcinia Order Calcaronia
Class Hexactinellida Order AmphidiscophoraOrder Hexasterophora
Class Demospongiae Order
Homoscleromorpha Order TetractinomorphaOrder Ceractinomorpha
"The Sponges (Phylum Porifera)." The Earth Life Web. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/porifera.html>.http://funscubadiver.com/gallery/bonaire-scuba-photo/bonaire-purple-tube-sponge.jpg
Albert ChenAnne Ning
QUIZ – Question 1
Which of the animal phyla has no true tissues?a) Poriferab) Cnidariac) Rotiferad) Annelida
Albert ChenAnne Ning
QUIZ – Question 2
Which invertebrate has no true symmetry?a) Poriferab) Molluscac) Echinodermatad) Rotifera
Albert ChenAnne Ning
QUIZ – Question 3
Are Porifera protostomes or deuterostomes?a) Protostomesb) Deuterostomesc) Bothd) Neither
Albert ChenAnne Ning
QUIZ – Question 4
Which cells in sponges help to circulate water?a) Osculumb) Spiculesc) Amoebocytesd) Choanocytes
Albert ChenAnne Ning