By Albert Chen and Anne Ning a.k.a. “Pore bearers,” or sponges 20Puff%20Sponges%20Assorted.gif...

PORIFERA

By Albert Chen and Anne Ning

a.k.a. “Pore bearers,” or sponges

http://www.southerncrafter.com/Bath%20Puff%20Sponges%20Assorted.gif

http://www.southerncrafter.com/Bath%20Puff%20Sponges%20Assorted.gifCampbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. Biology. 7th ed. San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2005. (textbook used on all slides)

Sponges

http://blogs.discovery.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/10/29/ejb_051802_038_thumb_2.jpg

Albert ChenAnne Ning

Body Cavity

http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/141995_Porifera.jpg

One central cavity called a spongocoel

Water enters the spongocoel through porocytes


Body Symmetry• None

Nervous System• None• Individual cells respond to the environment

http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Porifera/Images/rigida.jpg (left)http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecPorifera/PoriVarietyp.gif (right)

Gas Exchange• Individual cells obtain the oxygen they need from their surroundings


Circulatory System Water is

circulated by the movement of choanocyte flagella

Nutrients from the water are circulated by amoebocytes

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/sponge_1.gif


Digestive System

Suspension feeders Choanocytes move

water, catch suspended food with their collars, and ingest it through phagocytosis.

Food is then transferred to amoebocytes (with pseudopodia) that digest it and transport its nutrients to other cells.

http://www.planula.com.au/2004/12/11/sponges-more-than-just-a-bathroom-accessory/


Excretory System

Possess large openings called oscula from which water (and waste) leave

http://www.richard-seaman.com/Underwater/Belize/StillLifes/TubeSpongesThreeOrange.jpg


Locomotion/Musculature No muscles Flagellated

choanocytes create water currents that bring water in to the spongocoel

Osculum can be closed

Sponges do not move

They are so stationary that the ancient Greeks mistook them for plants

http://uwnews.org/uweek/article.aspx?id=35774


Skeletal Type Amoebocytes

produce skeletal fibers within the mesohyl

Spicules (sharp) are made from calcium carbonate or silica

Fibers produced from spongin are more flexible

Invertebrate biology [1077-8306] Calcinai year: 2006 vol: 125 issue: 3 pg: 195 -204Albert ChenAnne Ning

Reproduction Sponges are

hermaphrodites— produce both sperm and eggs (one gender at a time) Gametes are produced by

choanocytes or amoebocytes

Eggs stay in mesohyl while sperm leave through osculum. (no self-fertilization)

Larvae swim (or crawl) somewhere, stick, and develop into sessile adults.

They can also reproduce asexually by releasing fragments of adult sponge (gemmules) that can become individual sponges

"The Sponges (Phylum Porifera)." The Earth Life Web. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/porifera.html>.http://www.richard-seaman.com/Underwater/Belize/StillLifes/


Additional Information Sponges are involved in

symbiosis with algae. In some examples, the “alga represents the main skeleton of the sponge.”

Size—wide range from 1cm to 2m.

9000 species in this phylum, most live in the ocean.

Sponges can produce antibiotics to defend against pathogens

Few predators because of toxins

Invertebrate biology [1077-8306] Calcinai year: 2006 vol: 125 issue: 3 page: 195 -204http://www.ambergriscaye.com/photogallery/art/Azure%20Vase%20Sponge-elbert.jpg


Taxonomy

One taxonomic scheme:

Phylum PoriferaClass Calcarea

Order Calcinia Order Calcaronia

Class Hexactinellida Order AmphidiscophoraOrder Hexasterophora

Class Demospongiae Order

Homoscleromorpha Order TetractinomorphaOrder Ceractinomorpha

"The Sponges (Phylum Porifera)." The Earth Life Web. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/porifera.html>.http://funscubadiver.com/gallery/bonaire-scuba-photo/bonaire-purple-tube-sponge.jpg


QUIZ – Question 1

Which of the animal phyla has no true tissues?a) Poriferab) Cnidariac) Rotiferad) Annelida


ANSWER: a) Porifera


QUIZ – Question 2

Which invertebrate has no true symmetry?a) Poriferab) Molluscac) Echinodermatad) Rotifera


ANSWER: a) Porifera


QUIZ – Question 3

Are Porifera protostomes or deuterostomes?a) Protostomesb) Deuterostomesc) Bothd) Neither


ANSWER: d) Neither


QUIZ – Question 4

Which cells in sponges help to circulate water?a) Osculumb) Spiculesc) Amoebocytesd) Choanocytes


ANSWER: d) Choanocytes

http://i478.photobucket.com/albums/rr146/Briasaur/YEAH.jpg


By Albert Chen and Anne Ning a.k.a. “Pore bearers,” or sponges 20Puff%20Sponges%20Assorted.gif...

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