Welcome toCamera/Sound

Bootcamp!Bootcamp!Bootcamp!

09/13/2013

Agenda

• Insurance

• How the human eye works & camera lens works

• Exposure

• Focus & Depth of field

Insurance

www.collegestudentinsurance.com

New York

School of Visual Arts

Policy Limit: $3000 - $20,000Deductible: $25-$100Premium: $74 - $329

Lab Objectives

After this lab, you will be able to

•Explain the difference between eyes & cameras

•Clarify the different types of sensors

•List three things that affect exposure

•List three things that affect depth of field

•Identify deep versus shallow focus

Eyes Cameras

Exposure

Amount of light that a given medium requires for image reproduction

Three determinants of exposure

•F-Stops

•Shutter speed

•Sensitivity

F-stops• Within the lens housing is an opening made of moveable blades that

can be opened and closed, which determines the quantity of light hitting the sensor. The opening is called an iris, or aperature.

F-stops• The aperture is measured in f-stops - incremental settings on the

lens that indicate how large the opening is.

F-stops

f/2 or f/64f/2 or f/64 f/8 or f/16f/8 or f/16 f/16 or f/22f/16 or f/22

Shutter Speed

Aperature = how much light is allowed to strike the sensor

Shutter speed = how long the light is allowed to strike the sensor

Shutter Speed

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1 sec 1/8 1/50 1/100 1/250

1/2000

Shutter Speed vs Frame Rate

Frame rate = How many individual frames are created each second.Shutter speed = How long each individual frame is exposed for.

Film Shutter vs. Video Shutter

Film Shutter: a mechanical device (e.g. mirror)Video shutter: adjusted by electronically varying the amount of time the sensor is allowed to build a charge.

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Sensitivity• The third determinant of exposure is sensitivity, or how sensitive

the sensor is to light. Sensitivity is measure on a numerical scale called ISO.

Low ISOLess sensitive

Less noise

High ISOMore sensitive

More noise

What’s that noise?• The higher the ISO rating (more

sensitive) the stronger the image sensor has to work to establish an effective image, which thereby produces more digital noise (those multi-colored speckles in the shadows and in the midtones).

• So what is digital noise? It is any light signal that does not originate from the subject, and therefore creates random color in an image.

Three determinants of exposure

•F-Stops

•Shutter speed

•Sensitivity

Lenses

•Type of lenses

•Angle of view

•Focal length

Three elements of Depth of Field

•Aperture

•Camera/subject distance

•Focal length