Post on 16-Dec-2015
BIOFUELS AS AN ALTERNATE BIOFUELS AS AN ALTERNATE FUEL FUEL
THE INDIAN SCENARIOTHE INDIAN SCENARIO
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Biofuels are …Biofuels are …
Alternate fuels produced from Biomass resources
Biomass is the oldest source of energy, currently account for 10% of primary energy consumption
Biomass is a sustainable and environment friendly feedstock that contributes significantly to a diverse energy portfolio
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Global Status of biofuel productionGlobal Status of biofuel production
IEA 2010
2000 2008
83 billion litre
1.5% of global transport fuel consumption
Year
4 Fold increase
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The Biofuel Generations The Biofuel Generations
First Generation
Second Generation
Next
Generation
• Biodiesel from Jatropha
• Bioethanol from Molasses
Established technology, already commercialized
• Lignocellulosic ethanol
• Algal Biofuels
Many at Pilot plant or demonstration stage
• Biobutanol • Bio-hydrogen• Green Diesel• Biomethyl furan • Bio-dimethyl ether
Cutting edge technologies – require R&D intervention
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National Status of BiofuelNational Status of Biofuel
In India oil production and consumption graph over the last two decades shows exponential increase of net import
Biofuel Production 2008
• 1.08 b. litre of ethanol
• 0.24 b. litre of biodiesel
(IEA Market Report 2009)
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The Potential in India for BiofuelsThe Potential in India for Biofuels
Strengths Alternate fuel source
Energy security of the country
Less GHG emissions, environment friendly
Higher Cetane number and better lubricating effect for biodiesel
Weaknesses Wasteland requirements
Need for engine modifications in higher blends
Market still in nascent stage
Still in field trial stage in India
Opportunities National Biodiesel policy
Keen interest of private players
R&D across the sector
Less dependency on depleting fossil fuels
Threats The discovery of huge gas reserves in India may
push biofuels on the backfoot
Food vs. fuel debate
Cost effectiveness of Biofuels
Raw material
DBT-CII Report 2010
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National Biofuel PolicyNational Biofuel Policy
Goal
• To ensure that a minimum level of biofuels become available to meet the demand.
Target
• 20% blending of biofuels by 2017
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Research Priorities Research Priorities
Feed stock Development and Improvement
Improved Production Technologies
Biorefinery based fuels and biochemicals
Algal Biofuel
Synthetic Biofuel
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Major Biofuels being researched uponMajor Biofuels being researched upon
Biofuel FeedStock Technology
Biodiesel Jatropha, TBO Transesterification batch / continuous process
Bioethanol Cellulosic – Agricultural & forestry waste
Pre-treatment enzyme modification
Bio-butanol
Bio-hyrogen
Algae – Micro & Macro
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Bio-hydrocarbon Biomass Synthetic biology
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SNo Biofuel Feedstock
Status Intervention required
1 Biodiesel – Jatropha
Technology available Improved feedstock quality germplasm
2 Bioethanol – Cellulose Biomass
• Technology at Pilot Plant / Demonstration
• Cost effective pre-treatment and fermentation technologies standardized
• Improved enzyme consortia
• Microbial strains capable of fermenting C5 & C6 sugars
• Multi feedstock pilot plant
• Enzyme engineering screening, expression and production of new cellulose
• Improved fermentation technologies – 10 fold
• Sustainable technologies for conversion of lignin to value added products.
R & D InterventionR & D Intervention
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SNo Biofuel Feedstock
Status Intervention required
3. Biobuthanol Biohydrogen
At preliminary research stage
Metabolically engineered strains
Process validation
Optimal strain development
Novel fermentation method
Butanol recovery
4. Algal Biofuel At initial stages, scattered at various centre
Algal repositories established, 2000 collections
Production technologies at small scale
Identification of high yielding, fast growing strain
Improved production system
Harvesting and processing
5. Biohydrocarbon Very preliminary, basic research
Strengthen research groups and infrastructure
Build collaborations
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R&D Efforts – Agencies involvedR&D Efforts – Agencies involved
Ministry of Agriculture – Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Ministry of Defence – Defence Research Development Organization
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE)
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas – Indian Oil Corporation
Ministry of Science & Technology
• Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
• Department of Biotechnology
• Department of Science & Technology
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DBT’s Energy Bioscience Program DBT’s Energy Bioscience Program
VisionVision
To make available, economically viable To make available, economically viable
alternative fuel from Biomass to meet the energy alternative fuel from Biomass to meet the energy
deficit and national targets of biofuel blending deficit and national targets of biofuel blending
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Goals and TargetsGoals and Targets
Ethanol from cellulosic biomass by 2012 (agricultural and forestry waste)
Biodiesel from varied feed stocks
Harness optimally the energy potential of all natural resources for conversion to alternative fuel
Create alternative second generation biofuels through synthetic biology
National Programme on Energy BiosciencesNational Programme on Energy Biosciences
More than 53 research institutes, universities and industries involved
Bioethanol
Algal Biofuel
Biodiesel
Energy Energy Bioscience Bioscience
CentreCentre
Capacity Building
• Re-engineered feed stock
• Re-engineered microorganisms
• Process optimization • Collection and characterization
• Establishment of repositories
• Development of production system
• Quality planting material
• Improved feed stock
• Process optimization • Biohydrogen
• Biobutanol
• Synthetic biology
• Energy Bioscience Chairs
• Energy Bioscience Overseas Fellowships
Next generation Biofuels
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DBT- ICT Centre for Energy BiosciencesDBT- ICT Centre for Energy BiosciencesIndia’s first National Bioenergy Research Centre
Multidisciplinary Centre with state-of-the-art facility for high tech R&D in enzyme technology; fermentation and bioprocess technology microbial genomics, proteomics, metabolomics
Achievements in first year of operation
Competitive Cellulosic Ethanol technology developed with rice/wheat straw; bagasse; and cotton stalk
First Pilot Plant based on ICT Technology for 10 ton biomass/day being put up by India Glycols Ltd. at Kashipur, Uttarakhand – To be operational by mid-2010
Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass – Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass – Biotechnological Interventions Biotechnological Interventions
Cellulosic Biomass Forestry and Agriculture Waste
(Prosopis, Lantana , Sweet sorghum, Agriculture waste)
Pretreatment
Hydrolysis Chemical Enzymatic Biological
Reduce cost of cellulase enzymes Combination of both enzymatic and
biological system
Develop efficient biological system
Fermentation
Recombinant microorganisms Thermotolerant Can hydrolyse both hexose and
pentose sugar Generate biocatalyst for bioconversion
of hemicellulosic sugar to products Purification / Distillation
Ethanol Waste water
Simultaneous saccharification & fermentation
Acid Hydrolysis expensive
InterventionsBarriers
Production of Jatropha Quality Material – Current Strategy
Selection of Superior material
Seed Testing
Quality material ConservationDocumentation &Characterization
Clonal Nurseries
Multi locational Agroclimatic trials
Mother stock for large plantation
Oil content30-35%
Oil quality
Yield2t/ha
Supply to State/ Forest/Nursery for further bulking
Morphological Molecular chemical
Passport data accession number
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Multi-location trials of Jatropha Multi-location trials of Jatropha across the country across the country
First systematic study for morphological, chemical and molecular characterization of germplasm
400 accessions bulked to raise 17 lakh quality plants
Collections made by institutes
Collections accessioned
Accessions used for trials
Institutions involved
Area under plantation
Number of plants in trials
1236 1118 253 13 283 ha 693696
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Feed stock improvement Feed stock improvement
R&D supported for plant improvement – oil quality, content, yield, biotic and abiotic stress
Gene prospecting for increased oil synthesis
Metabolic engineering of oil biosynthesis pathway
Molecular markers for marker aided selection
Pongamia, Mahua and Castor also being tested as potential feedstock
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Algal BiofuelsAlgal BiofuelsA National Network involving 12 Laboratories
Analytical Analytical CentreCentre
R&D for Strain improvement
• Increased Lipid
• Increased Biomass
8 Collection and characterization
Centres
3 Centres for developing
Production Systems
• Photo bioreactor
• Race way pond
• Open Sea
3 Repositories
• Cyanobacteria
• Marine Algae• Fresh water Algae
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Next Generation Fuels Next Generation Fuels
Butanol
DMF
Biohydrogen Diesel
Biomethanol
Bio-DME
Biohydrogen
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DBT-CII Study DBT-CII Study an estimate of energy and carbon balancean estimate of energy and carbon balance
Biofuel Type
Feedstock Net Energy Ratio
Net Energy Balance (GJ /kl)
Net Carbon Balance (tCO2 e/kl)
% Carbon emission reduction
Bioethanol Molasses 4.57 19.11 -1.1 75%
Sweet Sorghum 7.06 21.57 -1.4 86%
Cellulosic Biomass (Bagasse)
4.39 25.41 -1.7 70%
Cellulosic Biomass (Rice Straw)
3.32 22.79 -1.6 68%
Biodiesel Jatropha – Transesterification
3.41 63.76 -4.0 30%
Jatropha-SVO 4.38 66.73 -4.5 50%
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Capacity BuildingCapacity Building
National Chairs for scientists of eminence
National Energy Bioscience fellowships for Re-entry
Niche area Overseas fellowship
Ph.D and post doctoral fellowship at the Centers of Excellence
Specialized short term training programmes in the identified areas
Industrial trainings
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In Conclusion In Conclusion
Biofuels offer enormous potentialBiofuels offer enormous potential
Time bound, coordinated efforts will be Time bound, coordinated efforts will be
essential to exploit this potential optimally essential to exploit this potential optimally