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The Evolving Global Electric Supply Scenario and Biofuels Opportunities in
Bangladesh
Professor Saifur Rahman Director
Advanced Research InstituteVirginia Polytechnic Inst & State University, U.S.A.
www.ari.vt.edu
BUETDhaka, Bangladesh
03 March 2009
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Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2008** Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables & waste
World Electricity Generation by Fuel
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Transition from Central to Distributed
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In 2007, wind capacity reached 93,849 MW (WWEA, 2008).• The average annual growth rate in the last 10 years
was close to 30%
In 2007, photovoltaic (PV) capacity reached 9,100 MW (EPIA, 2008).
• Solar PV has a ten-year average annual growth rate of 31%
In 2006, geothermal capacity reached 9,600 MW (BP, 2008).
Worldwide Non-Hydro Renewables
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Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K.
Wind Energy
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Wind Farm in Hawaii
Source: NREL
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U.S. Wind Energy Projects (as of 12/31/2008)
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Source: Source: www.bp.com
Worldwide Cumulative Installed Wind Turbine Capacity(End of 2007)
22277
16879
14714
78455875
3088
23327
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Germany USA Spain India China Denmark Rest of theworld
Megawatts (MW)
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Rooftop PV Test Facility at Virginia Tech, USA
Solar Photovoltaics
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Solar Power Highlights
Source: EPIA, 2008 and BP, 2007
Current solar PV capacity: 9,100 megawatts (end of 2007)
Some leading countries: - Germany (38.6%)
- Japan (38.4%) - USA (12.9%)- Spain (1.6%)
Above 40% growth rate continued in 2004 and 2005, more than doubling the solar PV capacity in two years.
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Global Installed Solar Photovoltaics
Source: EPIA, 2008
Cumulative Capacity 1992-20059,100
6,851
5,253
3,847
2,795
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Solar Photovoltaic Applications
Grid Connected applications Remote area applications Building Integrated PV (BIPV)
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Grid-connected Photovoltaics, New York City
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Photovoltaics for Railway Signaling in Tibet
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BIPV - 4 Times Square New York
Location: Conde Nast Building, NYC
Construction: BIPV Curtain Wall
Completed: July 2001
Peak capacity: 20kW
Type: Custom triple-laminated 40W amorphous Si modules
Environmental: >1million lbs of CO2 over its lifetime
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Building Integrated PV at a Thai University
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Biodiversity Monitoring Project in Bangladesh
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Lehrter Train Station, Germany
Source: http://www.cler.org/predac/article.php3?id_article=511
Number of module: 1,440Total area: 3,311 m2
PV output: 325 kWElectricity generation:
274,000 kWh/yr
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Hydroelectricit
yLarge and
Small
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Three Gorges Dam in China
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26 x 700 = 18,200 MW
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Small-Hydro
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Nuclear Power Plant
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Issues with Nuclear Energy
Long term storage of nuclear spent fuel Concern about nuclear proliferation No greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions Cost: US $5 billion to $7 billion for a
1,500 MW plant
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Costs of Renewable Power Technologies
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Cost-Competitiveness of Selected Renewable
Power Technologies
Source: Renewable Energy: RD&D Priorities, OECD/IEA 2006.
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Jatropha Plant and Seed
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Assuming there is no intercropping needed, just jatropha plants, testing shows one can obtain an average of 7.5 kilograms of fruit or 3 kilograms of seeds per tree.
Therefore, 6 tons/acre.
At a minimum, several hundred acres of land needed for commercial operation.
How many tons of Jatropha seeds per acre?
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How many liters of oil per 1,000 acres?
With an average ratio conversion of 40% from seeds into Jatropha oil, trees can produce 2,400 tons of Jatropha oil per 1,000 acres.
Applying a density rate of 0.9 kg/cm3, it is possible to obtain 2.7 Million liters of oil from 1,000 acres of land per year.
2.646 million liters of biodiesel per 1000 acres
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Contact Information
Name: Prof. Saifur RahmanAffiliation: Virginia Tech, USAPhone: (703) 528-5500Email: [email protected] site: www.ceage.vt.edu
Questions or Comments?