BASIC FIRST AID

First Aid?

Is the immediate assistance or treatment

given to someone before the arrival of medical staff/ ambulance

First Aid? Qualities of a first aide:

~ Calm~ Confident~ Willing to offer assistance

whenever necessary~ Patience

First A Essential to protect yourself from injury andinfection

a) Ensure surroundings are safeb) Protection from infection - to prevent “cross infection”( transmitting germs to a casualty or

contractingan infection yourself) - wear gloves or wash hands before doing a

dressing.

Protecting yourself as a first aide

Aims of a first aide:3 Ps:

3PsPreserve life

Prevent injuries/condition from worsening

Promote recovery

Preserving life:1) Control bleeding2) Treat probable cause of shock3) Maintain airway in correct

position4) Perform CPR when needed (no breathing or pulse)

3 Ps:

3Ps

3 Ps:

3Ps3 Ps:

3Ps1) Dress wound to prevent

infection2) Provide comfort to casualty 3) Place casualty in a comfortable

position

Prevent condition from worsening:

1) Relieve casualty from anxiety2) Encourage confidence and trust3) Attempt to relieve pain and

discomfort4) Handle casualty gently5) Protect casualty from cold and

wet

Promote recovery:

Ambulance:

Police number:

Fire Brigade:

Emergency Hotlines999 998 997

Dubai Ambulance Dubai Ambulance CentreCentre

Emergency First Aid Emergency First Aid and CPRand CPR

This presentation is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care or

the Basic Life Support Training - First Aid and CPR. All employees must meet the

training requirements set forth from Dubai Ambulance

Centre.

NOTICE

EMERGENCY FIRST AIDIf you are the first on the scene of accident

that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 999. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.

The following slides will provide specific information from The American Safety & Health Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.

BLEEDINGApply direct pressure to

the wound (at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used)

Elevate (do not further harm)

Pressure Point additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding.

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINSI-C-E

I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin.

C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight.

E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURESI-A-C-T

I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area.

A - Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), call 999.

C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock” slide.

T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.

POISONING Assess the scene for clues

and safety. Get victim away from poison

if necessary. Provide care for any life

threatening conditions. Check Material Safety Data

Sheet (MSDS). Notify medical staff or on-call

Doctor. Call the Poison Control Center

and 999 when necessary.

Heat Exhaustion & HeatstrokeSeek emergency medical

assistance immediatelyIf casualty is unconscious, place

them in the recovery positionRemove most of the casualties

clothing and sponge down the body with a cool and wet cloth

Ice packs to the head, neck, armpits, and groin to reduce the casualties temperature.

Provide them with cool water to sip if conscious and able.

Burns Burns and and

ScaldsScalds

Causes:burns – dry

heat- fire- hot objects- electricity

scalds – wet heat- hot liquids- steam

Burns and scalds

Burns and scalds

What you will see:rednessswellingblisterscharred skin.

remove any jewelleryapply a sterile

dressing or cling filmtreat the casualty for

shock if necessaryseek medical help if

necessary.Cold running water 10

minutes minimum.

Burns and scaldsWhat you should do:

Burns and scalds

HypothermiaWarm affected areas (warm water) only as long as there is no possibility of refreezingRemove affected areas from water when return to normal colorDo not rub frostbite or warm with direct heat (fires)Place gauze between the frostbite fingers or toes, and bandage the affected areas looselySeek medical help.

Some of the more commonsymptoms or problems that onemight experience due to allergies include:

Runny noseBurning, watery eyesSinus congestionPostnasal dripSore throatSkin rash(Nutritional Programs for Allergies, E.M. Haas, M.D., www.healthy.net/templates/article.asp.)

Ear infectionsChest congestionCoughingHeadachesFatigueAsthma

Runny noseBurning, watery eyesSinus congestionPostnasal dripSore throatSkin rash

There are approachesto handling allergy problems.

The first is to avoid contact with substances that you are allergic to, if you know what they are.

When you are exposed to an allergen (something that you are allergic to), one of the symptoms is an increase in heart rate.(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)

The way to do this test is to takeyour pulse, at rest, for one minute. That is your “base” pulse.

(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)

When you eat a food that issuspect or are exposed to asubstance that is suspect, check your pulse again in 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

If your heart rate accelerates more than 10 beats per minute over your base pulse, it indicates that you may be allergic to that particular substance.(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)

Another method for handling allergy problems is to take medications to suppress your allergy symptoms.

Bee, Wasps, Scorpion & Ant StingsBee, Wasps, Scorpion & Ant StingsRemove the sting by scraping

sideways using blunt knife or edge of card.

Place icepack on affected area to reduce pain.

Apply pressure immobilisation and seek urgent medical help.

Fish Spine (Stonefish, Stingray)Control severe bleedingImmerse wound in hot water

around 45° to reduce pain for around 30-39 minutes. Repeat if need be.

Apply ice pack if hot water doesn’t relieve pain.

Treat for shockClean wound by scrubbing with

soapApply local antisepticsGet medical advice.

Common Sea Creatures (Jellyfish and fish)Common Sea Creatures (Jellyfish and fish)Immobilise and reassure casualty and monitor closely.Do not rub sting areaIf casualties breathing or conscious is impaired, pains develop or if sting area increases, seek urgent medical help.Apply cold pack to reduce pain.Don’t wash sting area with water - Pour vinegar over sting area.

CARE FOR SHOCK Keep the victim laying down

(if possible). Elevate legs 10-12 inches…

unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones.

Cover the victim to maintain body temperature.

Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air.

If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side.

Call 999.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR ABC’s

AIRWAY - Open the airway with the tilt-chin method.

Breath - give two breaths.

Check circulation.

If there is no pulse or breathing…..(next slide)

CPR Continued

… Perform chest compressions. 30 compressions and two breaths.

Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&30 Call 999.

RESCUE BREATHING

11 breath every breath every 55 seconds - 12 per seconds - 12 per minute.minute.

Compressions : ventilations = 30:2Compressions : ventilations = 30:2

REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:

The routine use of The routine use of appropriate appropriate barrier precautionsbarrier precautions to prevent skin to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated.occur or is anticipated.

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions apply to apply to blood and to all other body fluids blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any with potential for spreading any infections.infections.

THE END

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