Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

Post on 09-Apr-2018

219 views 0 download

Transcript of Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 1/44

BASIC

ELECTRICAL,ELECTRONICS

& COMP. SKILL

BASIC ELECTRICITY & FUNDAMENTAL

TERMS

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 2/44

Atomic Charges

Charge - the characteristic of a material that enables it to

exert for ce on another material.

Neutrons-

found at the center of an atom, possess nocharge and are said to be neutral.

Protons - found at the center of an atom along with 

neutr ons, carry a positive charge.

Electrons - orbit the center of an atom and carry a 

negative charge

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 3/44

Atomic Charges

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 4/44

Static Electricity

Static electricity - the release of an 

accumulated charge in some material or object.

Because the charges inherent in electr ons and 

pr otons are bound to balance each other  

thr ough static electricity, these charges are also

called electrostatic charges.

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 5/44

Electric Current

Electric current - the contr olled movement of 

an electrical charge (or  electr ons) along the 

atoms of a conductor .

Circuit - a closed connection between an 

electric sour ce (such as a battery) and a load 

(such as a lamp) over which current may f low.

Signal - occurs when current manipulated to

transmit infor mation.

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 6/44

Electric Current

Voltage - the pressure that the electric current 

exerts on its conductor  is known. It is commonly 

equated to the strength of the electric current, and is 

measured in volts

Amperes - the amount of current (or charge f lowing 

thr ough a wire each second ) is measured in 

amperes, abbreviated as amps.

Resistance - a material¶s opposition to electric

current.

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 7/44

Electric Current

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 8/44

Conductors and Insulators

Conductor - a material over which electric current readily 

f lows.

Grounding-the use of a conductor (such as a wire) to

divert unused or potentially har mful charges to an 

insulator , where they will be stopped or  absorbed.

Insulators - materials that do not allow electric current to

f low easily.

Semiconductor  - conducts electricity better  than an 

insulator , but not as well as a conductor .

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 9/44

Conductors and Insulators

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 10/44

Resistance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 11/44

Calculating Voltage, Amps, and

Resistance with Ohm¶s Law

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 12/44

Direct and Alternating Current

Direct current

(DC) - an electrical 

charge f lows 

steadily in one 

direction over  the 

conductor .

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 13/44

Direct and Alternating Current

Alternating current

(AC) - the electrical 

charge f lows in one 

direction f irst, then in 

the opposite 

direction, then back

in the f irst direction,

and so on, in an alternating f ashion 

over  the conductor .

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 14/44

Direct and Alternating Current

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 15/44

Direct and Alternating Current

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 16/44

Capacitance

The ability for  an electric cir cuit or component to

accumulate or  store a charge.

Capacitance is measured in Farads 

(abbreviated as F), a unit named af ter English 

chemist and physicist Michael Faraday, who

experimented with electricity in the early 1800s.

Capacitor - a device that stores electrical 

charge (as the tank stores water).

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 17/44

Capacitance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 18/44

Capacitance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 19/44

Capacitance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 20/44

Capacitance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 21/44

Inductance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 22/44

Inductance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 23/44

Inductance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 24/44

Inductance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 25/44

Inductance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 26/44

Inductance

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 27/44

Electrical Power 

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 28/44

Electrical Power 

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 29/44

Measuring Electricity

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 30/44

Measuring Electricity

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 31/44

Measuring Electricity

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 32/44

Passive Electronic Devices

Passive device - a component that contributes nopower  gain to a cir cuit.

Resistor - a component inserted into a cir cuit to

pr ovide a specif icamount of resistance 

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 33/44

Diodes

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 34/44

Diodes

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 35/44

Transistors

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 36/44

Integrated Circuits

Cir cuits that combine 

the conductor  and 

the attached 

components of a cir cuit in one small 

unit.

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 37/44

Analog Transmission

Analog -

electr omagnetic

signals that 

continuously vary in 

their  strength and 

speed.

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 38/44

Transmission Flaws

Noise - unwanted inter f erence f r om external sour ces, which can 

degrade or  distort a signal.

Attenuation - the loss of a signal¶s strength as it travels away f r om its 

sour ce.

Amplifier - an electr onic device that increases the voltage, or power , of 

the signals.

Regeneration-

when digital signals are repeated, they are actually retransmitted in their original, pure for m, without any noise.

Repeater - a device that regenerates a digital signal.

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 39/44

Transmission Flaws

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 40/44

Transmission Flaws

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 41/44

Encoding and the Numbering

System

Encoding - the pr ocess of modif ying data so

that it can be inter preted by the receiver .

Methods for  encoding data include:

The Decimal System

The Binary System

Hexadecimal System

EBCDIC  ASCII

UNICODE

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 42/44

Measuring Data

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 43/44

Throughput and Bandwidth

Throughput - the amount of data that a 

communications channel can carry during a 

given period of time.

The physical nature of every communications channel deter mines its potential thr oughput.

Bandwidth - a measure of the diff erence 

between the highest and lowest f requencies that a media can transmit.

8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 44/44

Summary

Electricity may exist as either  static electricity, the 

imbalance of charges, or  as current electricity, the f low of 

charge along a conductor .

The three main characteristics of a cir cuit are voltage,

current, and resistance. If two of these characteristics are 

known, the third can be calculated using Ohm¶s Law.

Electr onic devices may be active or passive. Examples of passive devices are capacitors and inductors. Examples 

of active devices are transistors and diodes.