Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering (6 Yrs Frm Jan 02)
Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
-
Upload
pankaj-bhamare -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 1/44
BASIC
ELECTRICAL,ELECTRONICS
& COMP. SKILL
BASIC ELECTRICITY & FUNDAMENTAL
TERMS
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 2/44
Atomic Charges
Charge - the characteristic of a material that enables it to
exert for ce on another material.
Neutrons-
found at the center of an atom, possess nocharge and are said to be neutral.
Protons - found at the center of an atom along with
neutr ons, carry a positive charge.
Electrons - orbit the center of an atom and carry a
negative charge
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 3/44
Atomic Charges
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 4/44
Static Electricity
Static electricity - the release of an
accumulated charge in some material or object.
Because the charges inherent in electr ons and
pr otons are bound to balance each other
thr ough static electricity, these charges are also
called electrostatic charges.
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 5/44
Electric Current
Electric current - the contr olled movement of
an electrical charge (or electr ons) along the
atoms of a conductor .
Circuit - a closed connection between an
electric sour ce (such as a battery) and a load
(such as a lamp) over which current may f low.
Signal - occurs when current manipulated to
transmit infor mation.
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 6/44
Electric Current
Voltage - the pressure that the electric current
exerts on its conductor is known. It is commonly
equated to the strength of the electric current, and is
measured in volts
Amperes - the amount of current (or charge f lowing
thr ough a wire each second ) is measured in
amperes, abbreviated as amps.
Resistance - a material¶s opposition to electric
current.
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 7/44
Electric Current
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 8/44
Conductors and Insulators
Conductor - a material over which electric current readily
f lows.
Grounding-the use of a conductor (such as a wire) to
divert unused or potentially har mful charges to an
insulator , where they will be stopped or absorbed.
Insulators - materials that do not allow electric current to
f low easily.
Semiconductor - conducts electricity better than an
insulator , but not as well as a conductor .
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 9/44
Conductors and Insulators
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 10/44
Resistance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 11/44
Calculating Voltage, Amps, and
Resistance with Ohm¶s Law
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 12/44
Direct and Alternating Current
Direct current
(DC) - an electrical
charge f lows
steadily in one
direction over the
conductor .
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 13/44
Direct and Alternating Current
Alternating current
(AC) - the electrical
charge f lows in one
direction f irst, then in
the opposite
direction, then back
in the f irst direction,
and so on, in an alternating f ashion
over the conductor .
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 14/44
Direct and Alternating Current
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 15/44
Direct and Alternating Current
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 16/44
Capacitance
The ability for an electric cir cuit or component to
accumulate or store a charge.
Capacitance is measured in Farads
(abbreviated as F), a unit named af ter English
chemist and physicist Michael Faraday, who
experimented with electricity in the early 1800s.
Capacitor - a device that stores electrical
charge (as the tank stores water).
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 17/44
Capacitance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 18/44
Capacitance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 19/44
Capacitance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 20/44
Capacitance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 21/44
Inductance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 22/44
Inductance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 23/44
Inductance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 24/44
Inductance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 25/44
Inductance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 26/44
Inductance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 27/44
Electrical Power
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 28/44
Electrical Power
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 29/44
Measuring Electricity
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 30/44
Measuring Electricity
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 31/44
Measuring Electricity
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 32/44
Passive Electronic Devices
Passive device - a component that contributes nopower gain to a cir cuit.
Resistor - a component inserted into a cir cuit to
pr ovide a specif icamount of resistance
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 33/44
Diodes
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 34/44
Diodes
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 35/44
Transistors
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 36/44
Integrated Circuits
Cir cuits that combine
the conductor and
the attached
components of a cir cuit in one small
unit.
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 37/44
Analog Transmission
Analog -
electr omagnetic
signals that
continuously vary in
their strength and
speed.
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 38/44
Transmission Flaws
Noise - unwanted inter f erence f r om external sour ces, which can
degrade or distort a signal.
Attenuation - the loss of a signal¶s strength as it travels away f r om its
sour ce.
Amplifier - an electr onic device that increases the voltage, or power , of
the signals.
Regeneration-
when digital signals are repeated, they are actually retransmitted in their original, pure for m, without any noise.
Repeater - a device that regenerates a digital signal.
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 39/44
Transmission Flaws
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 40/44
Transmission Flaws
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 41/44
Encoding and the Numbering
System
Encoding - the pr ocess of modif ying data so
that it can be inter preted by the receiver .
Methods for encoding data include:
The Decimal System
The Binary System
Hexadecimal System
EBCDIC ASCII
UNICODE
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 42/44
Measuring Data
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 43/44
Throughput and Bandwidth
Throughput - the amount of data that a
communications channel can carry during a
given period of time.
The physical nature of every communications channel deter mines its potential thr oughput.
Bandwidth - a measure of the diff erence
between the highest and lowest f requencies that a media can transmit.
8/8/2019 Basic Electrical Electronics & Comp.skill
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-electrical-electronics-compskill 44/44
Summary
Electricity may exist as either static electricity, the
imbalance of charges, or as current electricity, the f low of
charge along a conductor .
The three main characteristics of a cir cuit are voltage,
current, and resistance. If two of these characteristics are
known, the third can be calculated using Ohm¶s Law.
Electr onic devices may be active or passive. Examples of passive devices are capacitors and inductors. Examples
of active devices are transistors and diodes.