ASIAN NATIONALISM

INTRUSIVEAND

EXPLOITIVEWESTERNERS

NATIONALISM

NATIONALISM

Love of country Realization to defend one’s country

against oppressive outsiders Consciousness of a group that they are

unified Connotes pride of one’s race

EAST

CHINA - Rebellions

TAIPING REBELLION BOXER REBELLION

•1850S•China vs. Manchus (Q’ing Dynasty)•Hung Hsiu Ch’uan

new dynasty (T’ai P’ing/ Great Peace)

install Christianity

•1900•Supported Manchus and criticized the Westerners•Goal: to expel Westerners from China•Boxer Harmony Fists vs. Foreigners

CHINA – Ideologies

Democratic Communism

•Sun Yat Sen – Father of the Chinese Republic

3 principles: a. nationalism b. democracy c. people’s livelihood

forging national unity vs. Westerners

•Mao Zedong

Marxism(bourgeoisie or capitalist vs. proletariat or workers)

Chinese Communist Party

CHINA – Ideologies Democratic Communism

•Sun Yat Sen – Father of the Chinese Republic

-equality of land ownership -regulation of capital -avoidance of internal conflict -promotion of progress – compromise and concillation

Republic of China and Nationalist Party/Kuomintang•Chiang Kai Shek

continued what Sun Yat Sen left behind

•Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist Party

CHINA CHIANG KAI

SHEKMAO ZEDONG

UNITED FRONT-set aside their conflict

and fought the Japanese but failled

CIVIL WAR IN CHINA-Kuomintang vs. Communists

(U.S.) (Russian) (Chinese Peasants) -Communists won – People’s Republic of China -Kuomintang failed – Taiwan –Republic of

China

JAPAN

2 STAGES OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM A. TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE -foreign missionaries went to Japan -rejected Christianity

solution: Sakoku Period/Isolation

JAPAN

2 STAGES OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM B. MEIJI RESTORATION (MUTSUHITO) -forcibly opened by Comm. Matthew Perry -Japan responded positively to Westerners modification and modernization a. 1889 Constitution – Germany constitution b. army and navy c. Western scholars to teach Japanese d. Japanese students are sent overseas e. Japanese education – U.S. and European f. allowed Christianity

SOUTH

INDIA

Indians vs. English -exploitation of natural resources and

manpower -abolishment of sati and female

infaticide -Sepoy Rebellion -racial discriminations in the

government -Amritsar Massacre

INDIA – Religion-based is their nationalism

HINDUS MUSLIMS

•1884-1885•Allan Hume•Composed of Hindu professionals whose goal was to regain India’s independence

•1905•Muhammad Ali Jinnah•Goal: a separate state for Muslims

India – Mohandas Gandhi

Hindu; educated in England Advocated for peaceful or non-

violent means to campaign for Indian independence

ahimsa -Jainism concept -”non-violence” He called for satyagraha = “truth-

force”

India – Mohandas Gandhi

He called for: a. prayers b. meditation c. fasting

d. petition e. boycott Indians called him = MAHATMA = Great Soul Assassinated by a Hindu fanatic

India

Declaration of Indian Independence REPUBLIC OF INDIA – August 15, 1947 President: Jawarhalal Nehru

while… Muslim Indians – separate state

Pakistan – August 15, 1947 President: Mohamed Ali

Jinnah

WEST

Under the Ottoman Empire 1918 – After WWI – Westerners were

able to exploit West

Asia Kuwait – 1759 Lebanon – 1926; under French rule Iraq - 1932

SOUTHEAST

PHILIPPINES

PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM

TRIBUTE COLLECTION

FORCED LABORMONOPOLIES

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

ILLUSTRADOS“REFORM/

PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT”

KKK

PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

FILIPINOS VS.

SPANISH GOVERNMENT

PHILIPPINES

June 12, 1898 = Republic of the Philippines

colonized by U.S.

THAILAND

Escaped colonization but was forced to give some lands to Britain and France

MALAYSIA AND BURMA

Gained independence from English

INDONESIA

Budi Otomo – Nationalist Movement Achmed Sukarno – Nationalist Party of

Indonesia

gained independence from

Dutch

VIETNAM

After WWII…

Under France, turned over to U.S. Vietnam War - U.S. vs. Vietnam War -U.S. failed -1935 – gained Independence – socialist

NORTH VIETNAM

SOUTH VIETNAM

Communist ideologySocialist State

DemocraticCapitalist

NORTH

Mongol Empire – Genghis Khan vs.

Russia and China