Emergent Nationalism in the Middle East The Struggle for Palestine.
Nationalism Around the World. Nationalism in the Middle East.
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Transcript of Nationalism Around the World. Nationalism in the Middle East.
![Page 1: Nationalism Around the World. Nationalism in the Middle East.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062300/56649dbe5503460f94ab2580/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nationalism Around the
World
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Nationalism in the Middle
East
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Decline & Fall of the Ottoman Empire• Been growing
steadily weaker since 1800.
• Lost territory in Europe & N. Africa.
• Suspended constitution 1876– Switched to
authoritarian rule until 1908
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Impact of WWI• Ottoman government
allied with Germany• British sought to
undermine Ottoman rule
• Declared Arabia independent from Ottoman Rule
• Ottoman Empire made peace with allies 1918
• O.E. collapsed end of WWI
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Armenian Genocide• Ottoman government accused
Armenians of supporting the Russians & began brutal campaign to kill or exile all Armenians – 1915
• Estimated 1-1.5 million killed– Massacres, starvation
• Genocide – deliberate mass murder of a particular racial, political, or social group
• Ethnic cleansing
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Emergence of a Turkish Republic• Only Turkey under Ottoman control
• Greece invades Turkey
• Alarmed the Turks &
they created the
Republic of Turkey
• Ottoman Empire
truly at an end
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Cyprus (still half Turk/half Greek)
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Modernization of Turkey• Democratic system
put into place• Arab elements
eliminated • Westernized
Education, factories, modernization, farming
• Anything Muslim was eliminated
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Beginnings of Modern Iran• Persians relied on Russia & G.B. for help• Growing foreign presence in Persia• Oil was discovered in 1908• Became Iran 1935• Foreign powers continued to harass Iran due to Oil!
Persian Empire at its height
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Growing sense of Arab Nationalism
throughout the Middle East
• United by language, Islamic culture, religious heritage
• Mandates created by Euro powers
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• Ibn Saud united Arabs in Northern Arabian peninsula
• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932• At first poor- then oil!!!• U.S. prospectors find oil & flooded it
with western industries
Ibn Saud
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Problems with Palestine• Home to Jews in
antiquity exiled• Jewish presence
remained, Muslim Arabs 80%
• Conflict because both groups saw area as religious homeland
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Problems in Palestine cont…• 1890’s- Zionist movement- want to
return Palestine to Jewish State• Arabs- their ancestors have been
there also• Anti- Semitism throughout Europe
made many Jews migrate to Palestine
• Balfour Declaration (British Government)– Support national home for Jews– Should not undermine rights of non-
Jews thereFounder of the Zionist movement
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Problems with Palestine cont…
• Nazis increase- Jews flee to Palestine
• Jewish/ Muslim tensions flared
• 1939- Britain declared only 75,000 Jews could immigrate
• Intensified tension & violence
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Brown areas= Palestinian
Orange=Israeli