Post on 13-Mar-2020
150
APPENDIX 1
COMPONENTS USED IN ENGINE SETUP
COMPONENTS DETAILS
ENGINE
Make Kirloskar, Type 1 Cylinder, 4stroke
Diesel, Water Cooled, Power3.5kWat 2000
rpm, Stroke 110mm,
Bore87.5mm.661cc,Cr17.5
DYNAMOMETER Make Saj Test Plant Pvt. Ltd., Model Ag10
Type Eddy Current
DYNAMOMETERS
LOADING
Make Apex, Model Ax-155. Type Constant
Speed, Supply 230V AC
PROPELLER SHAFT Make Hindustan Hardy Spice, Model
1260,Type A
MANOMETER Make Apex, Model MX -104, Range 100-0-
100 mm, Type U Tube, Conn.1\4” BSP Hose
Back Side, Mounting Panel
FUEL MEASURING
UNIT
Make Apex, Glass,Model:FFO.0.12
PIEZO SENSOR Make PCB Piezotronics, Model
HSM111A22, Range 5000 Psi, Diaphragm
Stainless Steel Type & Hermetic Sealed
WHITE COAXIAL
TEFLON CABLE
Make PCB Piezotronics, Model002c20,
Length 20 Ft, Connection One End BNC
Plug And Other End 10-32 Micro
CRANK ANGLE
SENSOR
Make Kubler- Germany Model
8.3700.1321.0360 Dia:37mm Shaft Size: Size
151
6mm × length 12.5mm, Supply Voltage 5-
30V DC, Output Pull (AA,BB,OO)
PPR:360, Outlet Cable Type Axial With
Flange 37mm To 58mm
ENGINE INDICATOR Make- Cuadra, Model Ax -104,
Type Duel Channel
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
Make Radix Type K, Ungrounded, Sheath
Dia.6mm×110mml, SS316, Connection
1\4”BSP (M) Adjustable Compression: 0-
1200deg.C.
TEMPERATURE
TRANSMITTER
Make Wika, Model T19.10.3K0-4NK-Z,
Input Thermocouple (Type K), Output 4-
20ma, Supply 24VDC, Calibration: 0-
1200deg.C.
TEMPERATURE
TRANSMITTER
Make Wika, Model T19.10.1PO-1, Input
RTD (Pt100), Output 4-20ma, Supply
24VDC, Calibration: 0-100deg.C.
LOAD SENSOR Make Sensotronics Sanmar Ltd., Model
60001,Type S Beam, Universal, Capacity 0-
50 Kg
LOAD INDICATOR Make Selectron, Model PIC 152-B2, 85 To
270VAC, Retransmission Output 4-20Ma
DIGITAL
VOLTMETER
Make meco, 3.1/2 digit LED display, range
0-20 VDC, supply 230VAC, Model SMP35
FUEL FLOW
TRANSMITTER
Make Yokogawa, model EJE110-EMS-5A-
92NN, calibration range 0-500mm H2O,
152
Output linear
AIR FLOW
TRANSMITTER
Range (-) 250mm WC
ROTA METER Make eureka model PG3, Range 10-100 1ph
153
APPENDIX 2
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF ENGINE
Model : TV1
Make : Kirloskar Oil Engine Ltd.
Type : Four stroke , Water Cooled , Diesel
No. Of cylinders : One
Bore : 87.5mm
Stroke
Combustion principle
:
:
110mm
Compression ignition
Cubic capacity : 0.661 liters
Compression ratio : 17.5:1
Peak pressure : 77.5 kg/cm2
Direction of rotation
(Looking from flywheel end
side)
: Clockwise
Speed : 1500rpm
Fuel injection timing : 23o BTDC
Engine soft configuration data
No. Of Po Cycle : 5
Cylinder Pressure Plot Ref : 2010
Fuel Read Time : 60 sec
Fuel Factor : 0.012kg\volt
Orifice Diameter : 20 mm
Dynamometer arm length : 185mm
154
APPENDIX 3
Eddy current Dynamometer
The AG Series eddy current dynamometer designed for the testing of
engines up to 400kW (536bhp) and may be used with various control systems.
The dynamometer is bi-directional. The shaft mounted finger type rotor runs in a
dry gap. A closed circuit type cooling system permits for a sump. Dynamometer
load measurement is from a strain gauge load cell and speed measurement is
from a shaft mounted sixty tooth wheel and magnetic pulse pick up.
Technical specifications
Model : AG10
Make : Saj Test Plant Pvt. Ltd
Shaft model : 1260 type A
Water inlet :1.6 bar
Minimum Kpa : 160
Pressure : 1bf/in2 23
Air gap mm : 0.77/0.63
Torque Nm :11.5
Hot coil voltage max. : 60
Continuous current amps : 5.0
Cold resistance ohms : 9.8
Speed max. : 10000rpm
Load : 3.5kg
Bolt size : M12x1.75
Weight :130kg
155
APPENDIX 4
Gas Analyzer Specification
Parameter Resolution Accuracy Range
Flue
temperature
0.10(c/f) 1
0C+/-0.3% of
reading
0-110000C,32-
21400F
Inlet
temperature
0.10(c/f) 1
0C+/-0.3% of
reading
0-6000C 0-999
0F
Oxygen (O2) 0.1% -0.1%+/-0.2% 0-25%
Carbon
monoxide
0.01% -0.01%+/-0.02% 0-10%
Nitric Dioxide 1ppm +/-5ppm<100pp 0-10.000PPM
Nitrogen
Dioxide
0.01mbar/k 500ppm 0-150mber
Carbon
Dioxide
0.1% +/-0.3% +/-5% 0f reading
156
APPENDIX 5
MODEL CALCULATIONS
Formulas used
1. Brake power (BP) =
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of diesel kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600 kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100 %
Properties of various fuels
Fuel Fuel density
(kg/m3)
Calorific value
(kJ/kg)
Diesel 830 42000
B20N 886 40919
B40N 893 39096
B60N 900 38882
B80N 912 38028
B100N 918 37292
B20K 884 41392
B40K 891 40078
B60K 898 39522
B80K 908 38710
B100K 914 37848
157
DIESEL: 25% Load
6. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
7. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of diesel
= (10×10-6
x830×3600)/42.8
= 0.6977 kg/h
8. Specific fuel consumption (SFC ) = TFC/BP
= 0.6977/1.183
SFC = 0.5898kg/kW-h
9. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.6977×42000/3600
= 8.142kW
10. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/8.142)×100
= 14.53%
158
B20N: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP= 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B20N
= (10×10-6
x 886×3600)/47
= 0.679kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.679/1.183
SFC = 0.5739kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.679×40919/3600
= 7.717 kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power) ×100
= (1.183/7.717)×100
= 15.33%
159
B40N: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B40N
= (10×10-6
x 893×3600)/47.18
= 0.682kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.682/1.183
SFC = 0.5765kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.682×39096/3600
= 7.406 kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power) ×100
= (1.183/7.406)×100
= 16.02%
160
B60N: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183 kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B60N
= (10×10-6
x900×3600)/47.1
= 0.688kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.688/1.183
SFC =0.5815 kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.688×38882/3600
= 7.43kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/7.43)×100
= 15.92%
161
B80N: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) =(q/t) ×Density of B80N
= (10×10-6
x912×3600)/46.8
= 0.689kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.689/1.183
SFC = 0.5826 kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.689×38028/3600
= 7.314kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power) ×100
= (1.183/7.314)×100
= 16.29%
162
B100N: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B100N
= (10×10-6
x918×3600)/47.7
= 0.707kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.707/1.183
SFC = 0.5979kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.707×37292/3600
= 7.326kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/7.326)×100
` = 16.15%
163
B20K: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183KW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B20K
= (10×10-6
x884×3600)/49
= 0.6494kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.6494/1.183
SFC = 0.5501kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.6494×41392/3600
= 7.472kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/7.47)×100
= 15.8%
164
B40K: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B40K
= (10×10-6
x891×3600)/48
= 0.688 kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.688/1.183
SFC = 0.5678 kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.688×40078/3600
= 7.436kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/7.436)×100
= 15.9%
165
B60K: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B60K
= (10×10-6
x898×3600)/47
= 0.7031kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.6878/1.183
SFC = 0.5814kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.6878×39522/3600
= 7.551kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/7.551)×100
= 15.6 %
166
B80K: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B80K
= (10×10-6
x908×3600)/46.2
= 0.6494kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.6494/1.183
SFC = 0.5501kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.6494×38710/3600
= 7.472kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/7.47)×100
= 15.8%
167
B100K: 25% Load
1. Brake power (BP) =
= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)
BP = 1.183kW
2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B100K
= (10×10-6
x914×3600)/49
= 0.6494kg/h
3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP
= 0.6494/1.183
SFC = 0.5501kg/kW-h
4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600
= 0.6494×37848/3600
= 7.472kW
5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100
= (1.183/7.47)×100
= 15.8%