APPENDIX 1 COMPONENTS USED IN ENGINE...

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APPENDIX 1

COMPONENTS USED IN ENGINE SETUP

COMPONENTS DETAILS

ENGINE

Make Kirloskar, Type 1 Cylinder, 4stroke

Diesel, Water Cooled, Power3.5kWat 2000

rpm, Stroke 110mm,

Bore87.5mm.661cc,Cr17.5

DYNAMOMETER Make Saj Test Plant Pvt. Ltd., Model Ag10

Type Eddy Current

DYNAMOMETERS

LOADING

Make Apex, Model Ax-155. Type Constant

Speed, Supply 230V AC

PROPELLER SHAFT Make Hindustan Hardy Spice, Model

1260,Type A

MANOMETER Make Apex, Model MX -104, Range 100-0-

100 mm, Type U Tube, Conn.1\4” BSP Hose

Back Side, Mounting Panel

FUEL MEASURING

UNIT

Make Apex, Glass,Model:FFO.0.12

PIEZO SENSOR Make PCB Piezotronics, Model

HSM111A22, Range 5000 Psi, Diaphragm

Stainless Steel Type & Hermetic Sealed

WHITE COAXIAL

TEFLON CABLE

Make PCB Piezotronics, Model002c20,

Length 20 Ft, Connection One End BNC

Plug And Other End 10-32 Micro

CRANK ANGLE

SENSOR

Make Kubler- Germany Model

8.3700.1321.0360 Dia:37mm Shaft Size: Size

151

6mm × length 12.5mm, Supply Voltage 5-

30V DC, Output Pull (AA,BB,OO)

PPR:360, Outlet Cable Type Axial With

Flange 37mm To 58mm

ENGINE INDICATOR Make- Cuadra, Model Ax -104,

Type Duel Channel

TEMPERATURE

SENSOR

Make Radix Type K, Ungrounded, Sheath

Dia.6mm×110mml, SS316, Connection

1\4”BSP (M) Adjustable Compression: 0-

1200deg.C.

TEMPERATURE

TRANSMITTER

Make Wika, Model T19.10.3K0-4NK-Z,

Input Thermocouple (Type K), Output 4-

20ma, Supply 24VDC, Calibration: 0-

1200deg.C.

TEMPERATURE

TRANSMITTER

Make Wika, Model T19.10.1PO-1, Input

RTD (Pt100), Output 4-20ma, Supply

24VDC, Calibration: 0-100deg.C.

LOAD SENSOR Make Sensotronics Sanmar Ltd., Model

60001,Type S Beam, Universal, Capacity 0-

50 Kg

LOAD INDICATOR Make Selectron, Model PIC 152-B2, 85 To

270VAC, Retransmission Output 4-20Ma

DIGITAL

VOLTMETER

Make meco, 3.1/2 digit LED display, range

0-20 VDC, supply 230VAC, Model SMP35

FUEL FLOW

TRANSMITTER

Make Yokogawa, model EJE110-EMS-5A-

92NN, calibration range 0-500mm H2O,

152

Output linear

AIR FLOW

TRANSMITTER

Range (-) 250mm WC

ROTA METER Make eureka model PG3, Range 10-100 1ph

153

APPENDIX 2

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF ENGINE

Model : TV1

Make : Kirloskar Oil Engine Ltd.

Type : Four stroke , Water Cooled , Diesel

No. Of cylinders : One

Bore : 87.5mm

Stroke

Combustion principle

:

:

110mm

Compression ignition

Cubic capacity : 0.661 liters

Compression ratio : 17.5:1

Peak pressure : 77.5 kg/cm2

Direction of rotation

(Looking from flywheel end

side)

: Clockwise

Speed : 1500rpm

Fuel injection timing : 23o BTDC

Engine soft configuration data

No. Of Po Cycle : 5

Cylinder Pressure Plot Ref : 2010

Fuel Read Time : 60 sec

Fuel Factor : 0.012kg\volt

Orifice Diameter : 20 mm

Dynamometer arm length : 185mm

154

APPENDIX 3

Eddy current Dynamometer

The AG Series eddy current dynamometer designed for the testing of

engines up to 400kW (536bhp) and may be used with various control systems.

The dynamometer is bi-directional. The shaft mounted finger type rotor runs in a

dry gap. A closed circuit type cooling system permits for a sump. Dynamometer

load measurement is from a strain gauge load cell and speed measurement is

from a shaft mounted sixty tooth wheel and magnetic pulse pick up.

Technical specifications

Model : AG10

Make : Saj Test Plant Pvt. Ltd

Shaft model : 1260 type A

Water inlet :1.6 bar

Minimum Kpa : 160

Pressure : 1bf/in2 23

Air gap mm : 0.77/0.63

Torque Nm :11.5

Hot coil voltage max. : 60

Continuous current amps : 5.0

Cold resistance ohms : 9.8

Speed max. : 10000rpm

Load : 3.5kg

Bolt size : M12x1.75

Weight :130kg

155

APPENDIX 4

Gas Analyzer Specification

Parameter Resolution Accuracy Range

Flue

temperature

0.10(c/f) 1

0C+/-0.3% of

reading

0-110000C,32-

21400F

Inlet

temperature

0.10(c/f) 1

0C+/-0.3% of

reading

0-6000C 0-999

0F

Oxygen (O2) 0.1% -0.1%+/-0.2% 0-25%

Carbon

monoxide

0.01% -0.01%+/-0.02% 0-10%

Nitric Dioxide 1ppm +/-5ppm<100pp 0-10.000PPM

Nitrogen

Dioxide

0.01mbar/k 500ppm 0-150mber

Carbon

Dioxide

0.1% +/-0.3% +/-5% 0f reading

156

APPENDIX 5

MODEL CALCULATIONS

Formulas used

1. Brake power (BP) =

2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of diesel kg/h

3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP kg/kW-h

4. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600 kW

5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100 %

Properties of various fuels

Fuel Fuel density

(kg/m3)

Calorific value

(kJ/kg)

Diesel 830 42000

B20N 886 40919

B40N 893 39096

B60N 900 38882

B80N 912 38028

B100N 918 37292

B20K 884 41392

B40K 891 40078

B60K 898 39522

B80K 908 38710

B100K 914 37848

157

DIESEL: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW

7. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of diesel

= (10×10-6

x830×3600)/42.8

= 0.6977 kg/h

8. Specific fuel consumption (SFC ) = TFC/BP

= 0.6977/1.183

SFC = 0.5898kg/kW-h

9. Input power (IP) = (TFC×CV)/3600

= 0.6977×42000/3600

= 8.142kW

10. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power)×100

= (1.183/8.142)×100

= 14.53%

158

B20N: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP= 1.183kW

2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B20N

= (10×10-6

x 886×3600)/47

= 0.679kg/h

3. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP

= 0.679/1.183

SFC = 0.5739kg/kW-h


= 0.679×40919/3600

= 7.717 kW

5. Brake thermal efficiency (ITE) = (BP/Input power) ×100

= (1.183/7.717)×100

= 15.33%

159

B40N: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW


= (10×10-6

x 893×3600)/47.18

= 0.682kg/h


= 0.682/1.183

SFC = 0.5765kg/kW-h


= 0.682×39096/3600

= 7.406 kW


= (1.183/7.406)×100

= 16.02%

160

B60N: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183 kW


= (10×10-6

x900×3600)/47.1

= 0.688kg/h


= 0.688/1.183

SFC =0.5815 kg/kW-h


= 0.688×38882/3600

= 7.43kW


= (1.183/7.43)×100

= 15.92%

161

B80N: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW

2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) =(q/t) ×Density of B80N

= (10×10-6

x912×3600)/46.8

= 0.689kg/h


= 0.689/1.183

SFC = 0.5826 kg/kW-h


= 0.689×38028/3600

= 7.314kW


= (1.183/7.314)×100

= 16.29%

162

B100N: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW


= (10×10-6

x918×3600)/47.7

= 0.707kg/h


= 0.707/1.183

SFC = 0.5979kg/kW-h


= 0.707×37292/3600

= 7.326kW


= (1.183/7.326)×100

` = 16.15%

163

B20K: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183KW

2. Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (q/t)×Density of B20K

= (10×10-6

x884×3600)/49

= 0.6494kg/h


= 0.6494/1.183

SFC = 0.5501kg/kW-h


= 0.6494×41392/3600

= 7.472kW


= (1.183/7.47)×100

= 15.8%

164

B40K: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW


= (10×10-6

x891×3600)/48

= 0.688 kg/h


= 0.688/1.183

SFC = 0.5678 kg/kW-h


= 0.688×40078/3600

= 7.436kW


= (1.183/7.436)×100

= 15.9%

165

B60K: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW


= (10×10-6

x898×3600)/47

= 0.7031kg/h


= 0.6878/1.183

SFC = 0.5814kg/kW-h


= 0.6878×39522/3600

= 7.551kW


= (1.183/7.551)×100

= 15.6 %

166

B80K: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW


= (10×10-6

x908×3600)/46.2

= 0.6494kg/h


= 0.6494/1.183

SFC = 0.5501kg/kW-h


= 0.6494×38710/3600

= 7.472kW


= (1.183/7.47)×100

= 15.8%

167

B100K: 25% Load


= (2×3.14×1543×7.325)/ (60x1000)

BP = 1.183kW


= (10×10-6

x914×3600)/49

= 0.6494kg/h


= 0.6494/1.183

SFC = 0.5501kg/kW-h


= 0.6494×37848/3600

= 7.472kW


= (1.183/7.47)×100

= 15.8%

APPENDIX 1 COMPONENTS USED IN ENGINE...

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