Post on 08-May-2018
Alcohol Denise Eberhart
Physiological Complications October 30, 2011
Instructor: Jerry Van Kirk
ALCOHOL
FACT SHEET
ALCOHOL DEFINITION Alcohol (ethanol or ethyl alcohol) is the ingredient found in beer, wine and spirits which causes drunkenness. Alcohol is formed when yeast ferments (breaks down without oxygen) the carbohydrates or sugars in different food e.g. wine is made from the sugar in grapes, beer from the sugar in malted barley (a type of grain), cider from the sugar in apples, vodka from the sugar in potatoes, beets or other plants.
CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND
SOCIAL IMPACT OF ALCOHOL IN
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN RATES #1:
Binge drinking - Percentage of drinkers in the population Driving under the influence
WISCONSIN put away more brandy per person than any other state and has a strong claim on the vodka title
Person for person, Wisconsin has three times more taverns here than the rest of the country.
Since 1995, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has conducted 10
surveys about binge drinking. Every time, Wisconsin led the nation. The state typically out-binged its nearest challenger, usually North Dakota, by more than 13%. It typically out-binged the country as a whole by more than 50%.
The state as a whole has roughly one tavern or alcohol-serving restaurant for every 430 people. And Lena Wi 1 per 187 people
5,000 kids per year die from underage drinking and in 2003, the average age kids started drinking was 14
10% of individuals of ages 12 and up have alcohol problems – either abuse or dependence
22.1% of adults in Wisconsin engage in risky drinking – having 5 or more drinks in an occasion
. 7.5% of adults in Wisconsin engage in heavy
drinking – having 60 drinks in a month .
21.6% of Wisconsin women of ages 18 to 44 engage in risky drinking, which puts their fetuses at risk for mental retardation and other birth defects –
Every year, unhealthy drinking is directly responsible for:
• 1,300 deaths • 8,500 motor vehicle crashes
• 6,800 motor vehicle crash injuries • 2,400 known cases of child abuse
• 90,000 arrests
Drinking is the fourth most common cause of death in Wisconsin.
Drinking is the fourth most common cause of hospitalization in Wisconsin.
STANDARD MEASURE OF
ALCOHOL
To work out the number of standard drinks in what you are drinking use this formula:
Amount of drink in litres (Vol) x Percent by volume of alcohol (%) x Density of ethanol at room temperature (0.789)
Example:
500ml of beer which is 5 percent alcohol by volume.
0.5 x 5 x 0.789 = 1.97 (approx 2 standard drinks)
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS FROM THE ABUSE OF
ALCOHOL
Alcohol abuse damages the nervous system and destroys brain cell
Alcohol abuse causes cirrhosis of the liver Alcohol abuse causes infection and chronic
inflammation Alcohol abuse causes malnutrition Alcohol abuse causes Cardiovascular problems Alcohol abuse causes sexual problems Alcohol abuse can cause Cancer Alcohol abuse is linked with diabetes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Repeatedly neglecting your responsibilities at
home, work, or school because of your drinking.
Using alcohol in situations where it’s physically dangerous
Experiencing repeated legal problems on account of your drinking.
Continuing to drink even though your alcohol use is causing problems in your relationships.
Drinking as a way to relax or de-stress Anxiety or jumpiness
TOLERANCE: THE 1ST MAJOR WARNING SIGN OF ALCOHOLISM
WITHDRAWAL: THE 2ND MAJOR WARNING SIGN OF ALCOHOLISM
Shakiness or trembling Sweating Nausea and vomiting Insomnia Depression Irritability Fatigue Loss of appetite Headache You’ve lost control over your drinking. You want to quit drinking, but you can’t. You have given up other activities because of
alcohol. Alcohol takes up a great deal of your energy
and focus.
You drink even though you know it’s causing problems
If you have a drinking problem, you may deny it by:
Drastically underestimating how much you drink
Downplaying the negative consequences of your drinking
Complaining that family and friends are exaggerating the problem
Blaming your drinking or drinking-related problems on others
.
WITHDRAWAL EFFECTS FROM ALCOHOL
DEPENDENCE
SEVERE SYMPTOMS:
Extreme anxiety Excessive irritability Increased depression, Visual hallucinations\ Fever can show which may become high, and
needed to be monitored r can show which may become high, and needed to be monitored
Black outs ( will forget everything during a certain stage of their episode)
Severe autonomic nervous system over activity Difficulty thinking clearly is increased Convulsions Muscle tremors
SOME OF THESE ARE LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS, AND IF YOU ARE EXPERIENCING THEM AFTER A SUDDENLY STOPPING DRINKING, YOU SHOULD SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY
More extreme changes in emotions Seizures and convulsions in this stage of
withdrawal are common Delirium tremens (DTs)
These alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually occur forty eight to ninety six hours after consumption of the last alcohol drink.
MILD PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
Nervous, jumpiness, shakiness, anxiety, irritability or becoming easily excited.
Emotional changes such as emotional volatility and the quickness to change emotions
Depression Fatigue, Problems thinking clearly Rapid thoughts, Bad nightmares
PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS
Pulsating headache Sweating of the hands or face Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite, insomnia Paleness Rapid heart rate Dilated pupils Clammy skin, Abnormal movements of the body Hand tremors Involuntary movements of the eyelids. State of confusion or hallucinations Agitation will become much worse,.
Short Term Effects of Alcohol
Long Term Effects of Alcohol
IN THE SHORT TERM, ALCOHOL CAN HAVE THE FOLLOWING EFFECTS:
feeling relaxed and less inhibited reduced concentration slurred speech and blurred vision affected coordination and judgment aggressive behavior the risk of accidents when operating cars or other
machinery is increased the effect of alcohol and other drugs combined is
unpredictable – mixing drugs can greatly increase the effect of all the drugs taken
IN THE LONGER TERM, ALCOHOL MAY HAVE THE FOLLOWING EFFECTS:
physical problems such as liver damage, heart and blood disorders, brain damage, stomach inflammation, damage to reproductive organs
emotional problems such as depression or relationship and family problems
social problems such as poor work performance, financial troubles, and legal problems
heavy drinking causes hangovers with symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, irritability, shakiness, and nausea
increased risk of common cancers such as breast, colon and rectum cancers, and some of the rarer cancers such as oral, esophagus, larynx, and stomach cancers
binge drinking can dramatically increase blood pressure and the risk of having a stroke
THE EFFECTS OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME FACIAL FEATURES of FAS
Upper lip flattens with increased prenatal alcohol exposure.
Upper lip thins with increased prenatal alcohol exposure.
Eye width decreases
GROWTH DEFICIENCY
PERMANENT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Alcohol during pregnancy can harm the baby.
FAS has been linked with increased risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, stillbirth and premature birth.
DAMAGE, ESPECIALLY TO THE BRAIN.
STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE BRAIN/NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS
ALCOHOL-RELATED BIRTH DEFECTS:
Small head circumference Failure to thrive Developmental delay Organ dysfunction Facial abnormalities, including smaller eye
openings, flattened cheekbones, and indistinct philtrum (an underdeveloped groove between the nose and the upper lip)
Epilepsy Poor coordination/fine motor skills Poor socialization skills, such as difficulty
building and maintaining friendships and relating to groups
Lack of imagination or curiosity Learning difficulties, including poor memory,
inability to understand concepts such as time and money, poor language comprehension, poor problem-solving skills
Behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, inability to concentrate, social withdrawal, stubbornness, impulsiveness, and anxiety
References
1) Fact Sheet: Alcohol And Health In Wisconsin http://www.capitolneighborhoods.org/pdf/Fact1.pdf
2) The Physical effects of AlcoholismFrom Jerry Kennard, former About.com Guide Updated June 08, 2011
http://menshealth.about.com/od/diseases/a/alcohol.html
3) Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse Signs, Symptoms and Help for the Drinking problem http://helpguide.org/mental.alcohol_abuse_alcoholism_signs_effects_treatment_html
4) http://www.alcoholwithdrawalsymptoms.org/
5) Fetal alcohol syndrome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_syndrome
6) Failure to Thrive http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/endocrine/failure_thrive.html
7) Facts About Alcohol Addiction Research Foundation January, 1991Edited by Erowid July 2003 retrieved Oct 28, 2011
8) Effects of Minimum Drinking Age Laws: Review and Analyses of the Literature from 1960 to 200ALEXANDER C. WAGENAAR, Ph.D.,† andTRACI L. TOOMEY, Ph.DDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
http://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/supportingresearch/journal/wagenaar.aspx
9) Anti-Alcohol Industry 101: Overview of the Anti-Alcohol Industry in the U.S by David J. Hanson, Ph.D.
http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/Controversies/1122492295.html
http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/Advertising.html
10) ALCOHOL PROMOTION ANDTHE MARKETING INDUSTRY: TRENDS, TACTICS, AND PUBLIC HEALTH http://www.apolnet.ca/resources/pubs/respapers/AlcoholMarketingPaperSept30.pdf