America’s Civil War

North vs. South

1861-1865

President Abraham Lincoln

•President of the United States (the North!!!)

•Southern States SECEDED because they thought Lincoln would end slavery

President Jefferson Davis

• President of the Confederate States (the South!!!)

•Southern Capital was in Richmound, Virginia

Northern (Union) Advantages

• More people than South

• More factories

• Make more weapons & supplies

• More/better railroads

• More ships

Look at all of the Northern ADVANTAGES!!!!

Northern (Union) Disadvantages

• North had to Invade/attack the South

• North had to fight the DETERMINED South

• They don’t know hiding spots

•They don’t know the terrain

Southern (Confederate) Advantages

• White Southerners STRONGLY SUPPORTED the war

• Fighting on their own land

• they know hiding spots; know land

• Experienced military leaders

• determined to keep their land

• Had slaves to work on fields, while soldiers fought

Southern (Confederate) Disadvantages• Less people than North

• fewer soldiers/ slaves didn’t fight

• Hardly any factories

• Couldn’t make weapons & supplies

• Hardly any railroads

Battle at Fort Sumter

U.S. Fort off the coast of

South Carolina

South wanted to attack and

capture Fort Sumter

1st Battle of the Civil War- April 12,1861

1.U.S. troops were low on supplies & were stuck in the Fort

Battle at Fort Sumter

2. Lincoln sends supplies to his troops

3. The South attacks Fort Sumter before the supplies can get there!!!

4. The North surrenders after 33 hours

5. The South wins the 1st battle & gets control of the fort!

The South bombarding Fort Sumter with cannon fire

1st Battle of Bull Run

• July 21, 1861

1.The North drives the South back

2. Then Stonewall Jackson helps the South by bringing reinforcements!!

3. The South Drives the Northerners back

4. The Northern troops RUN AWAY!

5. The South Wins AGAIN!

Southern General: Stonewall Jackson

•Leader of the 1st Battle of Bull Run (South Won)

Nickname:Someone stated “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall." The soldiers under his command came to admire his stubborn courage and started calling him "Stonewall" Jackson

Approximately 5,000 men died (3,000 were Union soldiers)

The Lives of Soldiers

Union (North) Uniform

Confederate (South) Uniform

The Lives of Soldiers

Draft Laws:

South• Men 18- 35 (1862)•Men 18 - 45 (1862)•Men 17- 50 (1864)

North-1863•Men 20-45

North- Many men “got out” of being drafted

•paid $300 fee or hired substitute

•Only 6% of the drafted men served!

• Food Choices were limited.

•Meats were salted or smoked

•Fruits and vegetables were dried or canned.

The Lives of Soldiers

Food Was SCARCE!!!

• Soldiers got daily rations.

• Everything was given out uncooked so the soldiers prepared their meals.

•Small groups would often gather together to cook and share their rations and they called the group a "mess"

The Lives of Soldiers

•Hardtack was a biscuit made of flour.

What did they eat?

• Soldiers were allowed six to eight Hardtack crackers for a 3 day ration

• Hardtack did not get to the soldiers until months after it had been made. By that time, they were very hard, so hard that soldiers called them "sheet iron crackers". Sometimes they were infested with small bugs the soldiers called weevils, so they referred to the hardtack as "worm castles."

The Lives of Soldiers

What did they eat?• Meat

•Coffee

•Hardtack

•Stew

• If a march was near, men would cook everything at once and store it in their haversack, (a canvas bag made with a sling to hang over the shoulder).

•Haversacks had a inner cloth bag that could be removed and washed, though it still became a greasy, foul-smelling container after several weeks of use.

The Lives of Soldiers

• Wrote letters home/ diaries

•Read (newspapers, bibles magazines)

•Played music (banjo, fiddle, guitar)

•Races (wheel barrel, soldiers on hogs, cockaroaches)

•Played baseball

•Bowling (used cannon balls!)

•Sat around and talked

Civil War Entertainment

The Lives of Women

What were women doing during the war?

• Took over men’s jobs

• Worked in factories (north)

• Tended to the farms (south)

• Became nurses

• Made uniforms & blankets for soldiers

•Some were SPIES!

The Lives of Women

Nurse: Clara Barton

• Delivered supplies to battle fields

• Tended to the wounded soldiers

• 1881- Organized the American Red Cross

• served as its President for 20 years!

The Lives of Women

Spy: Rose Greenhow

• Entertained Union Troops

• Actually spying on North

• Was caught

• Exiled to the South (she was greeted with CHEERS!)

The Lives of African Americans

South

• Beginning of war: 3.5 million slaves!!!

• Southerners didn’t want slaves fighting

•Slaves worked: on farms; in coal & iron mines; as nurses & cooks

•1865 (last year of war)- South finally started using them in battle

Slaves working in the fields during the Civil War

The Lives of African Americans

North

• Beginning of war: couldn’t join Northern army

• 1862- could serve in Northern army

•Made up 10% of Union Army; 18% of Navy

• 200,000 served; 37,000 died for the U.S.

Most cooking occurred on an outdoor fire. In the early days of the war freed slaves were not allowed to carry a rifle and fight. They were often given the role of cook

The Lives of African Americans

The Lives of African AmericansNorth

• Soldiers were SEPARATE from whites in the army

• Got LOWER PAY than whites (until 1864)

• Could not become commanding officers

Company E, 4th US. Colored Infantry

Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln issued this:

January 1, 1863

•Freed all slaves in Confederate States

•DID NOT free slaves in Non-Rebel states

•Felt slaves were helping South prolong war

Emancipation Proclamation• Did not actually free anyone– southern owners didn’t just let slaves leave.

•Many slaves heard about Proclamation

•Some tried to escape (100,000 slaves escaped BEFORE Proclamation)

-Signing of Emancipation Proclamation

13th Amendment• 1865– added to constitution

• Freed ALL Slaves

•No More Slavery in U.S.

Battle of Shiloh

• April 6th-7th 1862

1.April 6th- South launches a surprise attack!

2. The South drives General Grant & the North Back!

3. April 7th – 25,000 more Northern troops come to help

4. The North Attacks and Wins!

Northern General: Ulysses S. Grant

•Leader of the Battle of Shiloh (North Won)

• Forced General Robert E. Lee and the South to SURRENDER at Appomattox Courthouse

Over 20,000 troops were killed & wounded in the Battle of Shiloh

Battle of Antietam

• September 17, 1862

1.Bloodiest Single Day Battle- 23,000 Killed & Wounded

2. Lee & South attacked the North

3. The North Was LUCKY—they had a copy of Lee’s Battle plans!!!!

4. The South retreats, so North Claimed Victory!

Southern General: Robert E. Lee

• Most important Southern military leader

• Surrendered and ended the war

• He never went to jail for his role in the Civil War

Confederate troops lay dead after the Battle of Antietam

This picture shows

President Lincoln at Antietam after the battle

Battle of Gettysburg

• July 1st- 3rd, 1863

1.July 1st- North had to retreat

2. July 2nd- North faced heavy attack but held firm

3. July 3rd – South had to retreat; lost too many men

4. North Won!

* Battle with the most killed and wounded (46,000 in 3 days)

Gettysburg Address

• November 19th, 1863

1.Lincoln gave his famous speech telling people to remember the people who died in battle

2. Stated, “these dead shall not have died in vain—this nation shall have a new birth of freedom”

Gettysburg Address

Northern General: William Sherman

•Sherman and his 65,000 troops were in Georgia for 36 days and destroyed everything that could help the South during the war

•Southern Civilians had been evacuated before he set Atlanta on fire

Sherman’s March Through Georgia

• November 18th – December 22nd, 1864

•Sherman ordered his troops to burn crops, kill livestock, consume supplies, and destroy civilian infrastructure along their path. This is called total war.

•The Army wrecked 300 miles (480 km) of railroad and numerous bridges and miles of telegraph lines.

•It seized 5,000 horses, 4,000 mules, and 13,000 head of cattle.

•It confiscated 9.5 million pounds of corn and 10.5 million pounds of fodder, and destroyed uncounted cotton gins and mills.

Sherman Crippled the South (destroyed railroads, buildings, farms)

Union soldiers wrecking railroad lines

SHERMAN'S TROOPS BURNING A RAILROAD STATION.

•About 10,000 slaves fled their plantations to follow Sherman's army

•The North took over the city of Savannah, Georgia

Sherman’s March Through Georgia

He captured 1,328 prisoners and 167 guns, and destroyed 20,000 bales of cotton.

•Sherman’s march was a HUGE success for the North!

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse

• April 9th, 1865

•General Lee surrendered to Northern General Ulysses Grant.

•The Southern soldiers put down their weapons, and then were free to go home.

•The Civil War was OVER!!!•The North Won!!!•The North & South stay ONE Nation!

Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendering to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865

• More than 3 million men fought in the war.

• More than 620,000 people died

Civil War Facts

• There were 6,000,000 cases of disease in the Federal armies, which meant that, on an average, every man was sick at least twice.

Civil War Field Hospital

Civil War Effects

• Much of the South was destroyed

• Southern houses, farms, railroads & bridges were ruined

• 4 million Southern Slaves were freed after the war

• These slaves DIDN’T have homes, jobs, food, clothes, or money