The Civil War

By Mr. Pohl

Secession

•7 States Seceded before mid-April 1861.

•4 States Seceded after April 15.

•West Virginia broke away from Virginia and joined the Union.

•Kentucky, a slave state, voted to remain neutral.

•Kansas had recieved statehood in January 1861 as a free state.

Reasons for Succession•State vs. Federal Powers (State’s Rights)

•Slavery• Territorial expansion of slavery• Outlawing slavery

•Tariff Laws

•Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law

•Economic differences

•Election of a Republican president

The NorthUnited States of America

The SouthConfederate States of America

•21 States

•Over 20 million citizens

•Relied on factories and Industry

•Produced its own industrial goods.

•Consisted mostly of Free States

•Had many small family farms

•11 States•Around 10 million people.

-3.5 million were slaves

•Dependent on slaves for Cotton production.

•Needed to import most industrial goods.

•Cotton production resulted in large Plantations

Abraham Lincoln

•President of the US of A

•Opposed Slavery

•Reelected in 1864

•President until his Assassination in 1865

Union Leadership

General Winfield Scott

•The Union’s first commanding general

•Created the Anaconda Plan

•Replaced by General McClellan

General George McClellan

•Lincoln’s second pick as commanding general.

•Was considered too cautious.

•Was replaced by Henry Halleck

•Lost to Lincoln in the 1864 Presidential election

General Ulysses Grant

•Replaced General Halleck in 1864.

•Was Commander of all Union armies in the war.

•Focused on commanding the Army of the Potomac

•His strategies would lead to the end of the Civil War

Confederate Leadership

Other Groups

The British Empire

•Bought Southern Cotton

•Accepted delegates from the Confederacy

•Had Already Outlawed Slavery

American Indians

•Were divided both by tribe and within tribes.

•American Indians fought for both the CSA and the USA

•Many tribes were split between pro-Union and pro-Confederate groups

Kentucky

•Remained neutral at the start of the War.

•Eventually sided with the Union

War Begins

• Southern states took over military bases in the South.

– Most bases were freely abandoned.

• Presidents Buchannan and Lincoln refused to give up Fort Sumter

• Troops in Charleston, South Carolina decided to besiege the fort.

• Fort Sumter surrendered April 13, 1861

Battle of First Bull RunJuly 21, 1861

• The first major Battle of the Civil War

• Sightseers arrived to watch the battle.

• The Confederate Army was victorious.

Union Army

37,000 Men

3,051 Casualties

Confederate Army

32, 000 Men

1,982 Casualties

Battle of AntietamSeptember 17, 1862

• Fought to stop the Confederate invasion of Maryland– Maryland had many southern supporters– Pro Confederate politicians in Maryland were imprisoned there.

• The battle forced to Lee to retreat back to Virginia

• Considered the Bloodiest day in US military history.Union Army

Gen. George McClellan

70,000 Men

12,410 Casualties

Confederate ArmyGen. Robert E. Lee

39, 000 Men

13,724 Casualties

Emancipation

• Emancipation policy changed during the war.• Many slaves escaped to Union lines• Lincoln opposed emancipation in 1861 & 1862• The Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 1863)– Ended slavery only in rebellious areas

• The 13th Amendment (Dec. 1865)– Outlawed slavery everywhere in the United States

The Union BlockadeAnaconda Plan

• A Strategy devised by Gen. Winfield Scott

• Southern Ports were blockaded• Union forces moved from the North and from

New Orleans to encircle the south.• Cut it off from European markets

Blockade Running and

Commerce Raiding

• The Union Blockade damaged the South’s Economy• Confederates Vessels tried to avoid the blockade

• The Confederacy bought vessels in England• Raided American merchant ships• The last raiding vessels surrendered Nov. 6, 1865

New Technology

Sea• Torpedoes– Naval Mines

• Ironclads– Monitor– Merrimack (Virginia)

• Submarines– CSS Hunley

Land• Rifled Cannon• Minne Balls• Observation Balloons• Telegraph• Repeating Rifles

Monitor vs. Merrimac

• Both ships were covered in iron plating

• The Confederates were attempting to sink blockading ships

• The Union’s first ironclad arrived to attack the Merrimac

• The battle ended in a draw

Black Soldiers

• The Union Army enlisted black soldiers• Enlistment began in July 1862• 180,000 men served in the Union military• Black soldiers served in separate regiments– Mostly under white officers

The Turning Point

• Union fleet captures New Orleans– April 25-28, 1862

• The Union captures Memphis, Tennessee– June 6, 1862

• General Grant captures Vicksburg– July 4, 1863

• Port Hudson, Mississippi surrenders– July 9, 1863

The Battle of GettysburgUnion Army

Gen. George Meade

85,000 Men23,000 Casualties

Confederate ArmyGen. Robert E. Lee

70,000 Men28,000 Casualties

• The Battle ended the last Confederate invasion of the North

• Fought from July 1-4, 1863

• Pickett’s Charge• Union Victory• The Confederate army

retreated back to Virginia

Sherman’s March

• Carried out from May 1864 to April 1865• Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman– Planned to destroy southern infrastructure– Marched from Tennessee to Savannah, Georgia

• The march succeeding in destroying railroads, and devastated the deep south.

http://www.history.com/civilwar/shermansmarch/

To Wars End

• Battle of Petersburg– June 1864 to April 2, 1865– Involved trench warfare– Ended in Union capture of Richmond, Virginia

• Appomattox Courthouse– Grant forced Lee’s surrender April 9, 1865

• Cherokee General Stand Watie surrendered June 23, 1865

• Some confederate soldiers moved into Mexico– Hoped to restart the war later

•The Civil war Lasted just over 4 years.April 13, 1861 to June 23, 1865

•630,000 Soldiers Died During the War

•Around 1, 000, 000 men were wounded

•The South was placed under military occupation.

Sources• None Given. (October 6, 2009). Robert Blackwell, fl. 1861Original Acrostics on All the States and Presidents of the United

States, and Various Other Subjects, Religious, Political, and Personal. Illustrated with Portraits of All the Presidents, and Engravings of Various Other Kinds. In Documenting the American South. Retrieved October 5, 2009, from http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/blackwell/ill21.html .

• None Given. (2009). Overview of the Civil War in Kentucky. In K.E.T.. Retrieved October 5, 2009, from http://www.ket.org/civilwar/kyrole.html .

• Historical Society. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from http://www.kshs.org/research/topics/war/civilwarkansas.htm .• None Given. (November 28, 2006). The Battle of Antietam. In Battle History. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from

http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/upload/Battle%20history.pdf .• John Morris. (April 11, 2006). CSS HL Hunley. In CSS HL Hunley. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from

http://www.csshlhunley.com/ .• Wright, John D. American History Timeline of the Civil War. London, England: Amber Books Ltd. 2007• Justin sanders. No Date. Declaration of Causes of Seceding States. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from

http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/reasons.html . • D.H. Rule. (January 25, 2001). A bio of John Charles Fremont. Retrieved October 6, 2009 from

http://www.civilwarstlouis.com/Bios/Fremont.htm • Lori Greene and others. (No Date). Sherman’s March. In History.com Retrieved October 13, 2009, from

http://www.history.com/civilwar/shermansmarch / • The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration . No Date. Black Soldiers in the Civil War. Retrieved October 6, 2009.

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war / • The National Parks Service. The Surrender. Retrieved October 6, 2009. http://www.nps.gov/archive/apco/surrend.htm

• http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACWhunter.htm

Picture Sources

• Slide 1– Julio Reis. “US Secession Map of 1861” February 23, 2007 via Wikipedia Creative commons

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Secession_map_1861.svg • Slide 5

– Library of Congress. "Abraham Lincoln, Sunday, November 8, 1863" February 4, 2009 via Flickr, Public Domain http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/3252917019/

– Matthew Brady: uploaded by Scewing. "Winfield Scott" June 17, 2009 via Wikipedia commons, Public Domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winfield_Scott_seated_by_Brady_in_1861.jpg F

– Matthew Brady: uploaded by Nicoray. "George McClellan" February 14, 2006 via Wikipedia commons, Public Domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GeorgeMcClellan.jpeg

– Matthew Brady: uploaded by MarkSweep. "Ulysses Grant" December 26, 2004 via Wikipedia commons, Public Domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ulysses_Grant_1870-1880.jpg

• Slide 6– SPeND. "Found Jefferson Davis Portrait" March 20, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution

http://www.flickr.com/photos/redistributive/3371300386/– Vannerson, Julian: uploaded by Tom. "Robert E Lee" March 27, 2006 via Wikipedia commons, Public

Domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg

Picture Sources• Slide 7

– RobertLunaIII. "Stand Watie" August 18, 2007 via commons.Wikipedia, Public Domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stand_Watie.jpg

– George Eastman House. “Queen Victoria” march 6, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attributionhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/george_eastman_house/3333247605/

– HiB2Bornot2B. “Flag of Kentucky’ August 1, 2007 via Wikipedia commons, Public Domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kentucky.svg

• Slide 18– Theodor Ditterline uploaded by Suntag. “Field of Gettysburg 1863” February

17, 2009 via Wikipedia commons, Public Domain– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FieldOfGettysburg1863.PNG

U5.2 Civil War Evaluate the multiple causes, key events, and complex consequences of the Civil War.

• 8 – U5.2.1 Explain the reasons (political, economic, and social) why Southern states seceded and explain the differences in the timing of secession in the Upper and Lower South.

•8 – U5.2.2 Make an argument to explain the reasons why the North won the Civil War by considering the • critical events and battles in the war • the political and military leadership of the North and South • the respective advantages and disadvantages, including geographic, demographic, economic and technological

•8 – U5.2.3 Examine Abraham Lincoln’s presidency with respect to • his military and political leadership • the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation)

•8 – U5.2.4 Describe the role of African Americans in the war, including black soldiers and regiments, and the increased resistance of enslaved peoples.

•8 – U5.2.5 Construct generalizations about how the war affected combatants, civilians (including the role of women), the physical environment, and the future of warfare, including technological developments.