Post on 25-Nov-2021
Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners
Diksiyunaryong Bilingguwal para sa mga Baguhanna gamit ang Ingles bilang Pangalawang-wika
English/Filipino
Ingles/Pilipino
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.
© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010
Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324
RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT
The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.
1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.
2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.
3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.
ISBN No: 0 7310 77539
Contents
Introduction i
How to use the dictionary ii
Dictionary 1
Appendices
1. Numerals and ordinals 80
2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81
3. Common irregular verbs 82
4. Times 84
5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85
6. Weights and measures 85
Bibliography 85
Introduction
The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.
The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.
The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.
A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.
The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.
The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.
i
How to use this dictionary
Notes for the teacher
The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.
Page Header
The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.
Example from page 1:
a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.
The Headword
The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.
Example from page 4:
Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with
the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb
with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full
Example from page 31:
Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with
the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with
(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no
control over it
Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.
Example from page 2:
Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun
with the meaning mathematical usage
Abbreviations
Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.
ii
Example from page 4:
Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry
barbecue
Common present and past tense verb forms
Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.
Examples from page 2:
Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
be
Appendices
Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:
1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.
These appendices have not been translated.
Parts of speech
Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.
Abbreviations used in this dictionary
Abbreviation Meaning
abbrev abbreviationadj adjective
adv adverb
colloq colloquialism
colloq phr colloquial phrase
conj conjunction
det determiner
int interjection
n noun
phr v phrasal verb
prep preposition
pron pronoun
prt v present tense verb form
pt v past tense verb form
v verb
iii
a – afterwards
Adet a/an isa/isangn ability kakayahan/abilidad
ablev 1. be able to makayanan adj 2. talented matalino/maabilidadn Aboriginal person katutubo/taong aborihinal
aboutadv 1. approximately humigit-kumulang/halosprep 2. concerning hinggil sa/tungkol sa
aboveprep 1. over lampas/higitphrase 2. the example above ang halimbawa sa itaasadj absent liban/walaadv absolutely lubusan/ganap/talagang-talagan accent puntov accept tanggapinadj acceptable matatanggap/maaaring tanggapinn accident aksidente/sakunaadj accidental di-inaasahan/nagkataonv accompany samahann account kwenta/utang/ulat/paliwanag/salaysayv ache sumakit/kumirot/humapdiv achieve matapos/mayari/matamo/maabotn achievement natapos/naabot/nagawa/natamoprep across pahalang/sa kabilav act akto/gawan activity aktibidad/pagkilos/gawainn actor artista/istar/bituinv add pagsamahin/sumahin/idagdag/damihann addition dagdag/karagdagann address tirahan/talumpati/direksiyonn adjective pang-uri
admitv 1. tell the truth about amininv 2. allow to enter papasukinv adopt (take on) angkinin/gamitinn adult matanda/maygulangn advantage bentaha/kalamangan/pakinabangn adventure karanasan/abenturan adverb pang-abayn advice payo/pangaral/tagubilinn aerobics ehersisyong erobikon aeroplane eroplanov afford makayaadj afraid takot/natatakotprep after sunod sa/kasunod ngn afternoon haponadv afterwards matapos/pagkaraan
1
again – argue
adv again (one more time) ulit/muliagainst
prep 1. next to katabi ng/kasunod saprep 2. anti laban sa n age edad/gulangadv ago lumipas/nakalipasv agree pumayag/umayon
aidn 1. help tulongv 2. help tulunganv aim (try) magsikapn air hanginn airport paliparanadj all (every) lahat/buov allow payagan/tulutanadv alone nag-iisaadv aloud malakasn alphabet alpabetoadv already naadv also (too) din/rinconj although kahit na/bagamanadv altogether ganap/buo/lubos/pusposadv always lagi/palagi/paratiprt v am *see be n ambulance ambulansyan amount halaga/damin amphibian ampibiyanv analyse (study) suriiinconj and atn angle (mathematical usage) angguloadj angry galitn animal animaln ankle bukong-bukongadj annual taunan
answern 1. reply sagot/tugonv 2. reply sumagot/tumugonadj any alinman/kahit anoadv anymore hindi napron anyone sinumanpron anything anumanadv apart (separate) hiwalayn apology paghingi ng paumanhinv appear (come into view) lumabas/lumitawn apple mansanasn appointment paghirang/tipanprt v are *see be n area lawak/lapadv argue mangatwiran/magtalo
2
argument – autumn
n argument katwitran/pakikipagtalov arise bumangon/tumayon arm (part of body) bisig/brason army hukboprep around sa kabi-kabila
arrangev 1. put in order iayosv 2. make plans ayusinv arrest (take into custody) dakpin/hulihinv arrive dumating/sumapitn arrow panan art siningn artist artistaadv as (to such a degree) kagaya ngn ash aboadj ashamed napapahiyav ask magtanongv assemble tipunin/magtagpo/magtipon-tiponn assembly pagtitipon/kapulungan/katipunann assignment (for school) takdang-aralinv assist tumulong/sumuportan assistant katulong/pangalawaprep at sa/nasapt v ate *see eat n athletics palakasan (laro)phrase athletics carnival paligsahan ng mga manlalaro/palaron atom atomov attach ikabit/idugtong
attackn 1. fight pag-atake/paglusob/pagsalakayv 2. fight atakihin/lusubin/salakayin
attemptn 1. try pagsubok/tangka/pagsusumikapv 2. try subukin/tangkainv attend dumalo/mag-alaga/mag-asikason attendance pagdalon attention atensyon/pansin/asikasov attract umakit/akitin/tumawag-pansinadj attractive kaakit-akit/kahali-halinan aunt tiyaabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia Australyaadj Australian Australyann Australian flag bandera ng Australya/watawatn Australiana Australyana/tungkol sa Australyan author awtor/maykathan autumn otonyo/taglagas
3
average – basketball
averagen 1. arithmetical mean batay sa kalahatan o kabuuanadj 2. ordinary karaniwan/normalv avoid iwasan/umiwas/ilaganadj awake gising/listoadv away malayo/palayo/umalisprep away from palayo saadj awful kataka-taka/kadiript v awoke *see awaken axe palakol/putulin ng palakol
Bn baby bata/sanggol
backn 1. body part likodadv 2. opposite front sa likuranphrase 3. give it back ibalik/ibigay pabalik/isaulin backbone gulugod/mga buto sa likodn background tanawin sa likuran/nakalipasn backpack bagaheng pasan sa likodn backyard bakuranadj bad masama/di-mabutin badminton badmintonn bag bagv bake magluto sa hurno/maghurnov balance balanse/pantay/timbangn balcony balkonaheadj bald kalbo/panot
ball bolan 1. toy laruang bolacolloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) magpasarap/mag-enjoyn balloon lobon banana sagingn band (music group) banda/musikon bangle pulserasn bank bangko
barn 1. place to drink bar/barikan/inumanv 2. stop from something hadlang/sagabaln 3. metal rod baras/kabilyan barbecue barbikyu/ihaw-ihawabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare walang-takip/hayag/lantad/walang-lamann barrier harang/haling/hadlang/sagabal n base (bottom) pundasyon/saligann basin (wash) palangganan basket basketn basketball basketbol
4
basketball court – bid
n basketball court palaruan ng basketbolbat
n 1. sporting equipment pamalo ng bolan 2. animal panikin bath ligo/banyosn bathroom paliguann battle gera/digmaann bay (inlet) lookabbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be magingn beach aplaya/baybay-dagat/dalampasigann beach towel tuwalyang pangbaybayn beach umbrella payong na pangbaybayn beak tuka
beam n 1. ray of light sinag/silahisn 2. wooden plank batangann bean bins/soya/munggon beard balbas
beatv 1. win tinalov 2. hit paluinn 3. rhythm kumpasadj beautiful maganda/marikitpt v became *see becomeconj because dahilv become magingn bed kaman bedroom silid-tulugann bee bubuyogn beef karning bakapt v began *see beginv begin magsimula/magumpisan beginner baguhanv behave magpakabait/kumilos ng maayosn behaviour asal/kilosprep behind nasa likod or likurann bell kampana/batingawv belong sumapi/umanibn belt sinturonn bench bangko/upuanv bend baluktutin/ibaling/likopt v bent *see bendadj best pinakamagaling/pinakamahusayv bet tayaadj better lalong mabutiprep between sa pagitann bicycle bisikletav bid tawad
5
big – boat
adj big malakiabbrev bike *see bicycle
billn 1. money papel de bangkon 2. account kwenta/utangn 3. of a bird tukan bird ibon
birthn 1. act of being born kapanganakan/pagsilangphrase 2. date of birth araw ng kapanganakan or pagsilangn birthday kaarawann biscuit biskwit
bitn 1. small piece munting kagat phrase 2. a little bit kaunti lamangpt v 3. *see bite
v bite kagatin/kumagatadj black (colour) itimn blackboard pisara/blakbordn blade talim
blamen 1. censure sisihinv 2. lay responsibility with managotadj blank blangkon blanket blangket/kumot na pranelav bleed dumugopt v blew *see blow
blindadj 1. unable to see bulagn 2. window covering tabingn blindness pagkabulag
blockn 1. child's toy laruang blokev 2. stop from doing something harangin/hadlanganphrase 3. a block away isang bloke ang layophrase 4. block of flats bloke ng mga apartmentadj blond olandesn blood dugoadj bloody madugo
blown 1. hit hataw/hampasv 2. pertaining to wind ihipphr v 3. blow up pagsabog
blueadj 1. colour bughawcolloq 2. sad malungkotn board (stiff material) tablan board game larong nasa tablan boat bangka
6
body – break
n body katawanv boil kulo
boldadj 1. as typeface malaki’t maitimadj 2. daring malakas ang loob/matapangn bomb bomban bone buton book libron bookshelf istante ng mga aklatn boomerang bomerang
bootn 1. of car lagayan ng gamit sa kotsen 2. footwear bota
bordern 1. as of country, state pagitan/hanggahann 2. edge gilidadj bored nainipadj boring nakakainipv borrow hiram
bossn 1. person in charge amo/puno/hepev 2. tell what to do mag-utosadj both kapuwav bother mang-abalan bottle botelya
bottomn 1. body part puwitann 2. lower edge kailalimanpt v bought *see buyv bounce magpatalbogn bowl mangkokn box kahonn boy batang lalakiabbrev bra *see brassieren brain utak
branchn 1. of tree sangav 2. separate sangayn brassiere brasera/braadj brave matapang/magitingadv bravely buong tapangn bread tinapayn breadth kapal
break sira/basag/putoln 1. pause hinto/tigilv 2. opposite of fix pagkasiraphr v 3. break down (as in car) nasiraphr v 4. break down (as health) nagkasakit
7
breakfast – bus stop
phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) pinasok/nilusobphr v 6. break up (for holidays) pahinga sa klase/bakasyonn breakfast agahann breath hiningav breathe paghingav breed magpalahi/magpalaki/uri/kasta n brick ladrilyo/laryon bridge tulay
brightadj 1. shiny makintab/maningning/maliwanagadj 2. clever matalinov brighten pakinangin/pasayahin/pakintabinadj brilliant maluningning/matalino/marunongv bring dalhin/ipagsamaadj broad maluwang/malapadn broccoli brokoli pt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) bangkarota/walang kwarta/peraphrase broken arm bali ang brason brother kapatid na lalakipt v brought *see bringn brush sipilyo/brotsa/escoba/pinseln bucket timbav build magtayo/magtindig/gumawapt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) bombilyan bullet bala
bullyn 1. person who harasses others matonv 2. harass manakot
bunchn 1. group pulutong/pangkat/grupophrase 2. bunch of flowers pumpon o langkay ng mga bulaklak
burnn 1. injury caused by fire napasov 2. be on fire masunogv burst pumutok/sumabog/sumambulatv bury ilibing/ibaonn bus bus
bushn 1. outback kakahuyan/parangn 2. small tree mababang halaman/palumpong
businessn 1. company negosyocolloq phr 2. mind your own business pakialaman mo ang sarili mon bus stop paradahan ng bus
8
bust – cardboard
bustcolloq 1. break paputukin/hulihinn 2. female body part dibdib/susoadj busy abala/may ginagawaconj but ngunit/subalitn butcher mangangatay/partidorn button butones/botonv buy bumiliprep by malapit sa/sa tabi ng/katabi ng
Cn cabbage repolyon cable kable/kawadn cafe kapihann cage hawlan cake keyk/mamon/bibingkav calculate kalkulahin/tantiyahinn calculator kalkulador/tuusann calendar kalendaryo
callv 1. name tawagin n 2. as for phone tumilepono/tawaganphr v 3. call for nangagahulugan/ibig sabihinphr v 4. call off patigilin/pahintuinphr v 5. call out tinawag/isinigaw
calmadj 1. peaceful tahimik/payapaphr v 2. calm down patahimikin/papayapainpt v came *see comen camera kamera/panlitratov camp kampo/lungga
canv 1. able to makayan 2. steel container latan candle kandilan canteen (tuck shop) kantina
capn 1. headwear goran 2. top takip
capitaln 1. important location kapital/pangunahing-bayanphrase 2. capital letter malaking titikn capsicum silin capsule kapsulan captain kapitann car kotse/awton card kard/karta/etiketan cardboard karton
9
care – chalk
v care alaga/pagmamahaladj careful maingatadv carefully ingatann carnival karnabaln carrot karot
carryv 1. take dalhinphr v 2. carry on (keep going) ituloy lang/ipagpatuloy lamang
casen 1. bag kaha/kartonphrase 2. just in case kung sakalin cash kuwaltang hawak/pera
cassettephrase 1. audio cassette pinapakinggang kaset phrase 2. video cassette pinapanoorang kaset
castn 1. of a play tampokv 2. throw ihagis/itaponn castle kastilyo/toreadj casual kaswal/nagkataon/di-pormaln cat pusa
catchphrase 1. catch a train sumakay ng trenphrase 2. catch a cold magkasiponcolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) makaintindi/malalamanphr v 4. catch up (reach) humabol/abutinpt v caught *see catch
causen 1. reason dahilanv 2. make happen gumawa/lumikhan cave kweba/yungibabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling kisamen cell silid/selda/selulan cent sentimoadj central gitna/kalagitnaan
central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer utak ng kompyuterabbrev 2. CPU
n centre sentro n century isandaang taon/sentaryan cereal seryal/butiln ceremony seremonyaadj certain tiyak/siguradoadv certainly siyanga/talaga na/oo ngan chain (jewellery) kwintasn chair upuan/silyan chalk yeso/tsok/tisa
10
chance – cigarette
n chance pagkakataonchange
n 1. money baryav 2. alter palitan/baguhinphrase 3. change one's mind magbago ng kaisipanphrase 4. change clothes magpalit ng damitadj changeable pabagu-bago/madaling magbagon change room silid-bihisann channel agusan/daanann chapter kabanata/kapitulo/sangayn character (literary) letra/titik/tauhan sa istorya
chargen 1. cost halaga/singilinv 2. as for battery kargahanphr v 3. in charge mayroong kapanagutan/tungkulinv chase habulinadj cheap mura/walang kwentav cheat mandayav check tsekan/pigilan/patunayan n cheek (body part) pisngicolloq cheeky (naughty) pilyo
cheerv 1. make happy pasiglahinn 2. sound expressing enthusiasm saya/tuwa/aliw/buhayn chemist kimikon cheque tseken cherry seresan chess ahedres/daman chest kahon/kaha/kaban/bauln chewing gum babolgam
chickenn 1. animal manokcolloq 2. not brave takotn child bataadj childish parang bata/kilos-bata/isip-batan chin baba
chipsn 1. hot variety piniritong patatasn 2. cold crisps pinalamig na patatas/chipsn chocolate tsokolaten choir koro/grupo ng mang-aawitv choose pumili/mamili
chopn 1. meat cut hiniwang karnev 2. cut magtadtad/magputol/maghiwapt v chose *see choosen church simbahann cigarette sigarilyo
11
cinema – coin
n cinema sinehann circle bilogadj circular pabilogn circumference kabilugann city siyudad/lunsod
claimn 1. assertion pagpapatibay/panindiganv 2. assert magpahayag/magpatunay/patibayan
clapn 1. loud noise malakas na kulog v 2. show appreciation pumalakpakn class (group of students) klasen classmate kaeskwela/kaklasen classroom silid-aralanphrase classroom block hilera ng mga silid-aralann claw kuko/pangalmotn clay luwad/arsilya
cleanv 1. remove dirt linisinadj 2. opposite dirty malinisadj clear malinaw/maliwanagadj clever matalinon cliff talampasv climb akyatin/umakyatv cling kumapit/dumikitn clock relo/orasan
closev 1. shut sarhan/ipinidadj 2. near malapitadj closed nakasaradon cloth damit/telan clothes damit/kasuutan/pananamitn clothes line sampayann clothing damit/pananamitn cloud ulapadj cloudy maulap
clubn 1. group of people klab/kapisanann 2. implement pamugbog/pamalon clue susi/hiwatig/himatonn coal uling/karbonn coast baybay-dagatadj coastal baybayin/dalampasigann coat balat/balokn cockatoo ibong kokaton coconut niyogn coffee kapen coin barya/sinsilyo
12
cold – concern
coldn 1. illness siponadj 2. opposite hot malamigadj cold-blooded malamig ang katawan/walang awan collar kuwelyo/kuwintasv collect tipunin/ipuninn collection koleksiyon/katipunann college kolehiyo
colourn 1. hue karaniwang kulay o anyo/tingkadv 2. make colourful pasayahin/pasiglahinadj colourful makulay
combn 1. hair accessory suklayv 2. do one’s hair suklayin
comev 1. move towards halikaphr v 2. come from galing sa/mula sa phr v 3. come out (as in sun) sumilay/sumikatcolloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) tayo na/halika naadj comfortable maginhawan comic komik/katawa-tawan comic strip biro/komiks pampatawav command mag-utos/magmandoadj common karaniwan/panlahatn commonsense lohikan communication komunikasyon/paguusapn community komunidadn compact disc compak diskn company (business) kompanyav compare ikompara/paghambinginn compass aguhonn compasses (geometry pangguhit-bilog
equipment)
v compete magkompetensiyan competition kompetisyonv complain dumaing/magdamdamn complaint daing/himutok
completev 1. finish buuin/tapusinadj 2. finished tapos/lubos/ganapv complicate guluhin/pahirapinadj complicated komplikaso/gulo/salimuotn complication komplikasyonn composer kompositor/kahistan composition komposisyonn computer kompyutern concern kapakanan/balisa
13
concerned – couple
adj concerned nababalisa/nababahalan concert konsiyerto/pagkakasundon condition kondisyon/kalagayann cone (geometrical shape) konov confuse lituhin/pagkamalanv congratulate bumati/batiinv connect ikabit/I-ugnay/pagdugtunginn connection koneksyon/kaugnayanadj conscious may malay/gising/sinadyav consider isipin/pag-aralan/isaalang-alangphr v consist of binubuo ngn consonant katinigv contain maglaman/masaklaw/may-lamann container lalagyan/sisidlann contents (as of a book) nilalaman/lamanv continue tumuloy/magpatuloy
contrastn 1. difference kaibhanv 2. find differences pag-iba-ibahinv control kontroln conversation pag-uusap
convictn 1. person convicted of a crime ang nahatulan/bilanggov 2. find guilty of a crime sentensiyado/masentensiyahanv cook taga-luto/magluto
cooladj 1. opposite warm presko/malamig-lamigcolloq 2. trendy nasa uso
copyn 1. imitation paggaya/imitasyon v 2. imitate gayahin/tularann corner kanto/sulok
correctv 1. make right itama/iwastoadj 2. right tama/waston corridor koridor/pasilyov cost halaga/magkanon cotton algodon/koton/bulakn cotton wool yaring lana at bulak
coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing pag-ubov 2. expel air from the lungs i-ubo/tikhimn council konsilyo/konsehon counsellor tagapayo
countryn 1. political division balwarten 2. opposite city kabukirann couple mag-asawa/dalawa/mag-partner
14
courage – crush
n courage tapang/tibay ng loobadj courageous matapang/walang-gulat
coursen 1. set of lessons kursong aralinn 2. way to go dadaananphrase 3. of course (naturally) dapat lang/siyangan court (as tennis court) palaruan (kort)n cousin pinsan
covern 1. outside of a book pabalatv 2. put cover on something takpan/balutann coward duwag/mahinang-loobn crab alimangov crack putok/lagitik/basag
craftn 1. vessel sasakyann 2. handiwork sining/arte/galing ng kamay
crashn 1. collision banggaanv 2. shatter bumagsak/lumagapakadj crazy loko/ ulol/hibangn creature nilikha/nilalangn creek munting ilogv creep gumapangn crescent (shape) bagong buwan/buwang hugis suklay
cricketn 1. insect kerwe/grilyon 2. sport kriket
criminaln 1. person who commits crime kriminal/salarinadj 2. against the law labag sa batasn crocodile buwayaadj crooked kilo/baluktotn crops tanim/ani/butse/balumbalunan
crossn 1. a symbol of two intersecting krus
lines
adj 2. angry bugnutin/mainit ang ulov 3. move from one side to another bumagtasphr v 4. cross out (delete) ekesann crossword pahalang na salitang palaisipann crowd pulutong/maraming taoadj crowded siksikanadj cruel malupit
crushv 1. flatten iitin/durugin/ilupigcolloq 2. a liking for someone may gusto
15
cry – darkness
cryn 1. loud utterance sigaw/hiyawv 2. weep umiiyakn cube kubo/daisn cucumber pipinon cupboard paminggalanv cure gamutin/pagalingin/bigyang-lunasadj curious mausisa/kuryoso
curln 1. ringlet of hair likaw/buhok na kulotv 2. form curls kulutin/ringlitinn currency (money) pera/kwalta
currentadj 1. topical laganap/kasalukuyann 2. moving water agos/alimbukayn curtain kurtinan curve liko/kurban custom ugali/kustombren customer kustomer/parukyanov cut hiwa/tabas/putoladj cute kiyut/kaakit-akit
cyclev 1. ride bisikletan 2. circular event siklo/ikotn cylinder silindro/bumbungan
Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily araw-araw
damagen 1. injury sira/pinsalav 2. cause injury sirain/pinsalainadj damp basa-basa/umedon damper (type of bread) tinapay na damper
dancen 1. social gathering for dancing sayawan/baylihanv 2. rhythmical movement sumaayaw/pag-indakn danger panganibadj dangerous mapanganibadj daring mapangahas/mapaghamon/di-duwag
darkadj 1. opposite light dilimadj 2. opposite fair maitimn darkness kadiliman
16
date – dependable
daten 1. calendar petsan 2. fruit daten daughter anak na babaen day arawadj dead patayadj deaf bingi
dealn 1. amount transakyonv 2. give out mamigay/mamudmodn death pagkamatayn debt utang/pananagutan
decayn 1. decomposition pagkabulok/pagka-agnasv 2. rot mabulokv deceive magdaya/manlinlangv decide magpasiyan decimal desimaln decision desisyon/kapasiyahann deck (of house) sahigv declare ideklara
decreasen 1. diminution pag-unti/pagliit/paliitv 2. become smaller in number umunti/lumiitadj deep malalim
defeatn 1. loss pagkatalov 2. beat tumalov define ilarawan
degree n 1. of temperature sidhi/digrin 2. amount dami
delayn 1. hold up pagpigil/pagbimbin/pag-antalav 2. put off till later pigilan/bimbininabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen tindahan ng mga lutong pagkainn delight galak/lugodadj delightful nakagagalak/nakalulugodv deliver dalhin/ihatid
demandn 1. urgent requirement hingin/hilinginv 2. ask for with authority hinging-pautosv demonstrate ipakita/ipamalasn demonstration pagpapamalasn dentist dentistav depend mabatay/manangan adj dependable maaasahan
17
dependant – discussion
adj dependant nananangan/umaasan depth lalim/pusodv descend bumaba/lumusongv describe ilarawan/iguhitn description paglalarawan/diskripsiyon
desertn 1. hot, dry place disyertov 2. leave iwanan/pabayaanv deserve karapat-dapat
desiren 1. longing nais/nasa/hangadv 2. wish for magnais/magnasan desk mesa/pupitrev destroy gibain/sirainn destruction pagkasira
detailn 1. minute part detalyado/detalyev 2. describe fully i-detalye/ilarawang maigin detective detektib/tiktikn detention (pertaining pagpigil
to school)
v dial i-dayal/pindutinn diameter diyametro/bantod
diamondn 1. precious stone diyamanteadj 2. shape hugis-diyamanten diary tala-arawann dictionary talahulugan/diksiyonaryopt v did *see don didgeridoo didgeridov die mamatayn diet diyetaadj different iba/magkaibaadj difficult mahirapv dig maghukayn dingo dinggo/katutubong aso ng Australyan dinner hapunann dinosaur dinosauron direction direksyonn dirt dumi/lupaadj dirty marumiv disagree di magkasundon disagreement hidwaan/pagtatalon disc (round, flat object) diskn disco diskuhan/sayawanv discover matuklasann discovery pagkakatuklasv discuss talakayin/pagtalunann discussion pagtatalakay/paguusap
18
disease – drop
n disease sakit/masamang karamdamann dish plato/putahen dishwasher (appliance) de-makinang hugasan ng pinggann disk (of computers) diskn disk drive tagatulak ng diskv dislike di gustov dismiss palabasin/pauwiinn distance layo/agwatv disturb guluhinv dive sumisidv divide hatiinn division paghahativ divorce diborsiyo/kalag-kasal
dov 1. perform isagawaphrase 2. What does she do? anong gawain/trabaho niya?
(what's her job?)
phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) kumusta kayo?n doctor duktorn document dokumenton dog ason dollar dolyarn door pintuanv double doble
doubtn 1. uncertainty duda/alinlanganv 2. hesitate to believe mag-alinlanganv drag kaladkarinn dragon dragonpt v drank *see drinkv draw hilahinn drawer lalagyang hinihila
dreamn 1. images during sleep panaginipv 2. imagine mangarappt v dreamt *see dream
dressn 1. woman's clothing kasuutanv 2. to put on clothing magdamit/magsuotpt v drew *see draw
drinkn 1. beverage inuminv 2. swallow liquid uminomv drive magmanehon driveway daanan mula kalye papasok sa bahay
dropn 1. small amount of water patakv 2. let fall papatakin/pabagsakin
19
drought – email
n drought tag-tuyotpt v drove *see drivev drown nalunodn drug gamut/drugan drum dram/lalagyann drunk (person who drinks lasinggero
too much alcohol)
adj dry tuyopt v dug *see digadj dumb pipiprep during noong panahon ng
dustn 1. dirt alikabok/dumiv 2. clean of dirt malinis/walang dumin duster panlinis ng alikabok/damit pambahayn duty (something you must do) tungkulin
En eagle agilan ear tainga/tengaadj early maagav earn kumita/kitainn earring hikawn earth daigdig/mundon east silanganadj easy madali/maalwanv eat kumainn echidna ekidnan edge gilidv edit iwasto/isa-ayosn education edukasyonn effect bisa/epekton effort sikap/punyagin egg itlogadj either alinmann elastic elastiko/nahuhutokn elbow siko
elderadj 1. older than mas nakatatandan 2. older person matandan election eleksiyon/halalann electrician elektrisyann electricity elektrisidad
emailn 1. Internet letter internet na sulatv 2. send an Internet letter sumulat gamit ang internet
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embarrass – excellent
v embarrass hiyain/gipitinadj embarrassed hiniyan emergency biglang pangangailangan/kagipitann emigrant emigranten emotion emosyon/damdaminv employ gumamitn employee namamasukan/empleyadon employer taga-empleo/may-patrabahon employment trabaho/pamamasukanadj empty walang laman/basiyon emu emyuv encourage pasiglahin/pukawin/himukin
endn 1. termination wakas/katapusanv 2. finish tapusinn enemy kaaway/kalaban
engagedadj 1. busy walang panahon/abalaadj 2. soon to be married kumasundon engine makinav enjoy ikalugod/ikatuwa/ikasiyaadj enormous napakalaki/katakut-takotadj enough tama na/sapatv enquire mag-usisa/magtanongv enter pumasokv entertain istimahin/libangin/aliwinn entertainment panlilibang/pang-aaliwn entrance pasukan/pinton entry pagpasokn envelope enbelop/sobren environment kapaligiranadj equal pantay/parehasn equator ekwador/hati ng mundon equipment kagamitan
escapen 1. an act of escaping pagtakasv 2. get away tumakasadv even (divisible by two) pares/patasn evening gabin event pangyayariadj every bawa’tabbrev exam *see examinationn examination pagsusuri
examplen 1. illustration ilustrasyonabbrev 2. e.g.
adj excellent magaling/dalubhasa/napakahusay
21
exchange – factory
exchangen 1. act of exchanging palitanv 2. give up for an equivalent pakikipagpalitanv excite pukawinadj excited masiglang-masigla/tuwang-tuwan excitement pagiging masiglaadj exciting nakapagpapasigla/nakatutuwan excursion ekskursyon/pagliliwaliw
excusen 1. justification dahilanv 2. pardon magpatawadint 3. Excuse me! patawarin po
exercisen 1. physical work pagganap/paghehersisyon 2. class work pagsasanayn 3. exercise book aklat ng pagsasanay
exitn 1. way out labasanv 2. go out lumabasv expect asahanadj expensive mamahalin
experiencen 1. thing undergone karanasanv 2. undergo danasin/dumanas
experimentn 1. science trial eksperimentov 2. try something pagsubok/pagtitikimv explain magpaliwanagn explanation paliwanagv explode pumutok/sumabogv explore galugarin
expressadj 1. fast mabilisanv 2. say ipahayag/sabihin
expressionn 1. on face ekspresyon/hitsura n 2. in words pananalitaadj extra dagdag/palabisn eye matan eyebrow kilay
F face
n 1. part of body mukhaphrase 2. face the front humarap sa unahancolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) harapin mo/paniwalaan mon fact pangyayarin factory pabrika/pagawaan
22
fade – fence
v fade kumupasv fail magkulang/mabigo/bumagsak
faintadj 1. not dark malabov 2. become unconscious mawalan ng malay/himatayin
fairadj 1. just patas/makatarunganadj 2. light mapusyaw/maputiadv fairly (quite) marami-ramin fairy diwata/engkantadav fall mahulogadj false maliadj familiar pamilyar/alam na alam/kilala
familyn 1. kin kapamilya/kamag-anakn 2. family tree linya ng pamilyaadj famous kilala/bantog/tanyag
fann 1. great admirer tagahangan 2. equipment to blow air bentiladoradj far malayon fare (cost for trip) pamasahen farm bukid/sakahann fashion moda/usoadj fashionable moderno/sunod sa uso
fastadv 1. quick mabilisadv 2. forward in time nangungunav 3. go without food mag-ayunov fasten ikabitadj fat mataban father ama/tatayn fault kamaliann favour tulongadj favourite paborito/kinikilingann fax faks
fearn 1. feeling of impending danger pangambav 2. be afraid pagkatakotn feather pakpak/balahibov feed pakanin
feelv 1. as emotion damdamin/maramdamanv 2. touch damahin/hipuinpt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) babaen fence bakod
23
ferry – flashing
n ferry bantilan/tawiran/lantsan festival pistan fever lagnatadj few kaunti
fieldn 1. where sport is played larangan/palaruann 2. open land linang/bukidadj fierce mabagsik
fightn 1. battle labananv 2. engage in battle makilaban
figuren 1. number numeron 2. person sagisag/sikat/piguraphr v 3. figure out (understand) maintindihanv fill punuinn film pelikulaadj final panghuliv find makita/matagpuan
fineadj 1. not raining maaliwalasadj 2. opposite thick pino/manipisadj 3. well (healthy) maayos/malusogn finger daliri
finishn 1. end point katapusan/hulihanv 2. end wakas
firev 1. cease to employ tanggal v 2. shoot barilinn 3. something burning sunogn fireworks paputokadv first unan first aid pangunang-lunas
fishn 1. water creature isdav 2. catch fish mangisdan fishing rod pamingwit
fitadj 1. healthy malusogn 2. size tamang-tama/plastadophrase 3. fit in with (match well) bumagay sav fix ayusinn flag bandera/watawatn flame apoyn flash (bright light) kislapadj flashing kumikislap
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flat – form
flatn 1. dwelling bahayadj 2. shape patagn flavour lasapt v flew *see flyn flight paglipadv float lumutangn flood baha
floorn 1. part of a room sahign 2. level of a building palapagn floppy disk flapi disk/plaka ng kompyuterv flow agosn flower bulaklakabbrev flu *see influenza
flyn 1. insect langawv 2. move through the air lumipadn fog (weather condition) ulopadj foggy maulopv fold tiklupinn folder polderv follow sumunodn font bukaln food pagkainn fool ungasadj foolish liko/nakakatawan foot paan football putboln footwear kasuutan sa paa
forphrase 1. for us para sa atinphrase 2. for NSW para sa NSWphrase 3. for $5 sa halagang $5
forcen 1. strength lakas/pwersav 2. impose on pilitin/pwersahinadj foreign (not native) dayon foreigner dayuhan/banyagan forest gubatpt v forgave *see forgivev forget makalimotv forgive magpatawadpt v forgot *see forgetn fork tinidor
formn 1. paper you fill in pormularyo/pormav 2. make hubugin/gawin
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fortnight – funeral
n 3. shape kalagayann fortnight tuwing dalawang linggoadj fortunate maswerteadv fortunately mabuti na lang
fortunen 1. large amount of money kayamanann 2. luck kapalaranpt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain bukal/batisn fraction maliit na bahagin frame kuwadro
freeadj 1. costing nothing libreadj 2. unoccupied walang gumagamitv 3. let go pawalann freedom kalayaanv freeze papagyeluhi/patigasin sa lamign freezer (appliance) palamigan/priseradj frequent madalasadj fresh sariwaabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend kaibiganadj friendly palakaibigann fright sindakv frighten sindakin
fromphrase 1. from Sydney galing sa Sydneyphrase 2. from my grandmother galing sa aking lolaphrase 3. from $10 magmula $10
frontadj 1. opposite back harapanprep 2. in front of nasa unahann front door harapang pinton front steps unahang mga baitangv frown magkunot ng noopt v froze *see freezen fruit prutas
fulladj 1. opposite empty punoadj 2. not hungry busogn full stop (punctuation mark) tuldok
funn 1. mirthful amusement pagkakatuwacolloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) biruin/pagtawanann funeral libing
26
funny – girl
funnyadj 1. humorous nakatatawaadj 2. strange kakaiban fur pinong balahibon furniture mga kasangkapanadj further higit pan future hinaharap
Gv gamble sugaln game laron gaol *see jailn gap siwangn garage (of house) garahen garden hardinn garlic bawangn gas gasn gate tarangkahan/pintuanv gather tipuninpt v gave *see give
gayadj 1. happy masayaadj 2. homosexual bakla/tomboyn gender kasarian
generaladj 1. usual pangkalahatann 2. rank in army heneraladv generally karaniwann generosity kagandahang–loobadj generous mapagbigayadj gentle marahan
getv 1. become magingv 2. receive tumanggapv 3. possess magkaroonv 4. arrive dumatingv 5. obtain magkamitphr v 6. get on with (like) magkaayos niphr v 7. get out (leave) lumayophr v 8. get together (meet) magkita–kitaphr v 9. get up (arise) tumayophr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) itapon
giantn 1. huge mythical being higanteadj 2. very big mala–higante/napakalakin gift regalon girl nene/dalaga
27
give – grain
givev 1. hand to magbigayphr v 2. give in (hand in) ibigaycolloq phr 3. give in (surrender) isukophr v 4. give out (distribute) ipagkaloob/ipamudmodphr v 5. give up (surrender) suko naphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) tinigilan naadj glad natutuwa
glassn 1. window material bintanang salaminn 2. drinking vessel bason glasses (for eyesight) salamin/anteohosn glove guwantes
gov 1. move magpuntaphrase 2. go by bus sumakay ng busphrase 3. go out with sumama kayphr v 4. go wrong sumama ang takbophr v 5. go on with (continue) ituloy langphr v 6. go well maayos langphr v 7. go over (check) tsekin phr v 8. go through (check) i-tsek muliphr v 9. go after (chase) habulin n god diyosn gold gintoadj golden ginintuan
goodadj 1. opposite bad mabutiphrase 2. vegetables are good for you mga gulay ay mabuti para sa iyocolloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) Magaling para sa iyoint 4. Good afternoon (greeting) Magandang haponint 5. Goodbye Paalamint 6. Good day (greeting) Magandang arawint 7. Good morning (greeting) Magandang umagaint 8. Good night (farewell) Magandang gabi
goodnessn 1. virtue kabutihanint 2. My goodness! diyos ko po!
(expression of surprise)
n goods mga gamit/panindan gossip tsismispt v got *see getv govern mamahalan government gobyernon governor gobernadorv grab sunggabanadv gradually paunti-untin grain butil
28
grand – habit
adj grand maringal/saganan grandchild apon granddaughter apong babaen grandfather lolon grandmother lolan grandparent lolo’t lolan grandson apong lalakin grape ubasn graph grapika/talaguhitann grass damoadj grateful nagpapasalamatn grave libingan/puntodadj great malakin greed takawadj greedy katakawanadj green berde/luntianv greet batiinn greeting pagbatipt v grew *see growadj grey abuhinn grief dalamhativ grieve magdalamhativ grill (cooking) ihawan
grossadj 1. total kabuuancolloq 2. disgusting nakahihiya
groundn 1. earth lupaadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) ibaba/unang palapagn group grupophrase group of students grupo ng mga estudyantev grow lumakin grown-up binata or dalaga nav guard bantayann guardian taga-bantayv guess hulaann guest bisita
guiden 1. leader giya/patnubayv 2. show the way patnubayann guilt kasalananadj guilty maysalan guitar gitaran gum tree punong gamabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium himnasyo/dyim
Hn habit ugali
29
had – have
pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) butil-butil na yelon hailstorm ulan ng yelon hair buhokn haircut gupit ng buhokadj halal patayin (seremonyang muslim)
halfadj 1. equal part of kalahatiphrase 2. half-past eight kalahating oras makalipas ang alas otson hall bulwagann hallway pasilyov halve hinatin hamburger hamburgern hammer martilyo
handn 1. body part kamayn 2. hand-out limosphr v 3. hand in iabotn handbag hanbagn handball larong hanbol
handlen 1. thing that may be held tatangnanv 2. touch hawakanadj handsome makisign handwriting sulat-kamay
hangv 1. suspend isabit/ibitinphr v 2. hang around (loiter) gumalaphr v 3. hang onto (hold) kumapitphr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) ibabaint 5. Hang on! (wait) hintayv happen mangyarin happiness kaligayahanadj happy maligayan harbour puwerto/daungan
hardadj 1. difficult mahirapadj 2. not soft matigasadv hardly (rarely) bahagya nav harm pinsalan harvest anin hat sumbrerov hate pagkasuklam
havev 1. own mayroonphrase 2. have a headache masakit ang ulophrase 3. have dinner maghapunanphrase 4. have a hair cut magpagupitphr v 5. have on (wear) magsuot ng
30
have to – his
phr v have to (be compelled to) dapat napron he siya
headn 1. body part ulon 2. leader pinunon headache sakit ng ulon heading (title) titulon health kalusuganadj healthy malusogn heap (pile) patong-patongv hear marinigpt v heard *see hearn heart puso
heatv 1. warm mainitn 2. warmth initn heater (appliance) taga-initadj heavy mabigatn height taaspt v held *see holdn helicopter helikopterint hello helo
helpn 1. aid pagtulongphrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) asikasuhin ang sarili mocolloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no hindi ko maiwasan
control over it)
adj helpful matulunginn hemisphere hemisper/kalahati ng mundo
herphrase 1. ask her tanungin mo siyaphrase 2. her book kanyang libroadv here diton hero bayaniv hesitate mag-alinlangann hexagon heksagonoint hi haypt v hid *see hidev hide magtago
highadj 1. tall matangkad/mataasadj 2. as for musical note mataasphrase high-heeled shoe mataas ang takong na sapatos n high school mataas na paaralann hill burolpron him kanyan hip balakangv hire umupa/mag-rentapron his kanya
31
history – however
n history kasaysayanhit
v 1. strike paluincolloq 2. winner tagumpayv hitch-hike umangkasn hobby libangan
holdv 1. grasp hawakann 2. hold-up (robbery) nakawann 3. hold-up (delay) pagkabinbinint 4. Hold it! (stop) itigilcolloq phr 5. hold on (wait) maghintay san hole butasn holiday walang pasok/bakasyon/kapistahanadj hollow hungkag/walang lamanadj holy banaln home tahananadj homesick sabik sa pag-uwin homework (school work you gawaing-bahay
do at home)
n honest di mandaraya/matapathook
n 1. curved piece of metal kawitv 2. catch namingwit
hopen 1. expectation pag-asav 2. wish inaasahann horizon kagiliran
horn n 1. animal part sungayn 2. car part businaadj horrible nakapanghihilakbot/nakakikilabotn horror pagkatakotn horse kabayon hospital ospitaln host mayhandan hostel bahay-tuluyan
hotadj 1. very warm napakainitcolloq 2. very good magalingn hotel oteln hot-plate lutuang-mainit na bakaln hour orasn house bahayn housework (domestic work) gawain sa bahay
howadv 1. in what way papaanocolloq phr 2. how come? (why) papaanong nangyariconj however gayunpaman
32
huge – industry
adj huge napakalakihuman
adj 1. of people pantaon 2. human being taon humour katatawananpt v hung *see hangadj hungry gutomv hunt pangangaso
hurryv 1. move quickly bilisancolloq phr 2. hurry up dalian
hurtv 1. injure saktanadj 2. wounded nasugatann hut kubo
Ipron I akon ice yelon ice-cream sorbetsadj ideal huwaranconj if kungadj ill maysakit/may karamdamanadj illegal iligal/labag sa batasn illness karamdamann illustration pagpapakitav imagine ipalagayadj immediate madalianadv immediately kaagadn immigrant imigrante/dayoadj important mahalagaadj impossible hindi mangyayariv improve pabutihin
inprep 1. indicates enclosed place sa loob ngphrase 2. in Australia sa Australyaphrase 3. in January sa Enerophrase 4. in English sa Inglesphrase 5. in pencil sa lapisphrase 6. in love sa pag-ibigphrase 7. in danger sa panganibphrase 8. in time (not late) nasa oras v include isaman income kinitaadj incorrect hindi tamav increase dagdagann index palatandaanadj indoor panloobn industry industriya
33
infect – is
v infect makahawan infection impeksyonv influence impluwensyan influenza trangkasov inform ipabatidn information impormasyonprep in front of sa harap ngv inhabit tirahann inhabitant ang naninirahan
initialadj 1. first pang-unan 2. first letter of name unang letra ng pangalann injection ineksiyonv injure manakit/masugatann injury pinsalaadj inner sa loobadj innocent walang-sala/inosenten insect insektov insert isuotprep inside loobv insist ipilit
instantn 1. moment sandaliadj 2. immediate biglaanadv instead sa halipv instruct magturon instruction turon instrument (musical) instrumentong pangmusikan insurance paseguruhan/seguroadj intelligent matalinov intend magbalakn interest kapakananadj interested may interesadj interesting kawiliwilin Internet internetv interrupt abalahinn intersection interseksiyonn interview panayamprep into sav introduce ipakilalan introduction (of a book) pambungadv invent imbenton invitation paanyayav invite anyayahan
ironn 1. metal bakaln 2. household appliance plantsav 3. as for clothing plantsahinprt v is *see be
34
island – keyboard
n island malaking islait
pron 1. subject itopron 2. object itopron its (possessive) nito/niyon
Jn jacket diyaketn jail kulungan/bilangguann jar garaponadj jealous pagseselosn jeans pantalon n jet diyet/puslitn jewel hiyasn jewellery alahasn job trabahov jog tumakbo ng payagyagn jogger mananakbo
joinv 1. unite pagsamahinv 2. as a club sumapiadj joint pinagsaman joke biron journey paglalakbayn joy kaligayahan
judgen 1. person in court huwes/mahistradov 2. make a decision about magpasiya/magdesisyonn judgment kapasiyahann judo dyudon juice katasv jump tumalonn jumper (clothing) diyaket/sweter
justadv 1. only lamangadj 2. fair makatarungan
Kn kangaroo kanggaro
keepv 1. hold on to mahawakanphr v 2. keep away ilayophr v 3. keep going ituloyphr v 4. keep out huwag lalapit/papasokphr v 5. keep up ipagpatuloycolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in ikinulong kami ng guro pt v kept *see keepn key susin keyboard tipaan ng makinilya
35
keyring – large
n keyring liyaberan keyword salitang pinakasusiv kick sipaincolloq kid (child) batav kill patayinn killer mamamatay-tao
kindadj 1. good hearted mapagpalan 2. type tipo/urin kindness kabaitann king hariv kiss halikn kitchen kusinan knee tuhodv kneel lumuhodpt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife kutsilyov knit maggantsilyon knob hawakanv knock kumatokn knot buhol
knowv 1. understand malamanv 2. be acquainted with makilalaphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) ipaalam sa akinn koala kowalan kookaburra ibong kukabara
Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label etikitan laboratory laboratoryon labour paggawav lack kulanginn lad binatilyon ladder hagdanpt v laid *see layn lake lawan lamp ilawan/lampara
landn 1. opposite of sea lupan 2. country bansav 3. as for plane lupainn language wika
lapn 1. body part kandungann 2. distance in a pool ligidadj large malaki
36
last – less
lastadj 1. opposite of first kahuli-hulihanv 2. endure magtagaladv lastly bilang wakasadj late (opposite of early) nahuliadv lately kamakailan lamangadv later sa bandang huliv laugh tumawan laughter tawan laundry labanderiya/panglabahann law batasn lawn damuhann lawyer abogado
layv 1. as for eggs mangitlogv 2. put ilapagadj lazy tamad
leadv 1. go first mangunan 2. holder for a dog pang-akayn leader pinunon leadership pamumunon leaf dahonv leak tulo
leanv 1. incline sumandaladj 2. thin payatv leap lumundagn leap year taong bisyesto/taong paresv learn matutuhanpt v learnt *see learnadj least pinakamaliitn leather katad/balat
leavev 1. separate from iwanann 2. time off pagbabakasyonphr v 3. leave alone iwanang mag-isaphr v 4. leave on iwanang umaandarphr v 5. leave out napag-iwananpt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) kaliwaadj left-handed kaliweten leg bintin lemon limon/kahelv lend magpahiramn length kahabaanpt v lent *see lendadv less kakaunti/kulang sa
37
lesson – lizard
n lesson leksiyonlet
v 1. allow pahintulutanv 2. rent upahan/rentahan
lettern 1. as of alphabet titikn 2. correspondence sulatn letterbox busonn lettuce letsugasadj level taasn liar sinungalingn library aklatan/bibliotekan licence lisensyav lick dilaann lid takip
liev 1. tell untruths magsinungalingphr v 2. lie down mahigan life buhayn lifesaver tagapagligtas
liftv 1. raise iangat/itaasn 2. elevator asensor/elebeytorn 3. car ride iangkas/pasakay
lightn 1. opposite of darkness liwanagn 2. as for electric light ilawadj 3. not dark maliwanagadj 4. not heavy magaann lighter (as for cigarettes) pansindi/laytern lightning kidlat
likev 1. be fond of magustuhanprep 2. similar to katulad ngn limit hangganann line guhitn lip labin liquid likidon list listahan/talaananv listen makinigpt v lit *see lightn litter kalatadj little maliit
livev 1. exist mabuhayadj 2. opposite of dead buhayn living (job) trabahon living room salasn lizard butiki
38
load – lunch
v load maglulan/kargahann lobster ulang
localn 1. person from a particular area tagaritoadj 2. pertaining to an area lugar/diton location kinaroroonanv lock isusi/susiann log (wood) troson lolly kendiadj lonely malungkot
longadj 1. opposite of short mahabaphr v 2. long for (want) gusto ngphrase 3. How long?(as time) gaano katagalphrase 4. How long?(as length) gaano kahabaphrase 5. long ago matagal na panahon na
lookn 1. glance sulyapanphr v 2. look at tingnanphr v 3. look after alagaan angphr v 4. look for hanapin angphr v 5. look forward to inaasahan angphr v 6. look up to tularan phrase 7. look like (resemble) para/katulad/kahawigadj loose maluwag
losev 1. opposite of find mawalav 2. opposite of win matalophrase 3. she lost her mother namatay ang ina
(her mother died)
n loss pagkawalapt v lost *see lose
lotn 1. destiny kapalaranphrase 2. a lot of karamihan ng/marami saadj loud malakasn lounge room pahingahan/sala
loven 1. passionate affection pag-ibigv 2. feel passionate hilig/mawiliadj low mababan lower case maliit na titikadj loyal tapatn luck kapalaranadj lucky maswerten lump bukoln lunch tanghalian
39
machine – match
M n machine makina
madadj 1. angry galitadj 2. insane ulol/luko-lukocolloq phr 3. mad about (loves) nahihibang sa n madam sinyorapt v made *see maken magazine magasinn magic mahiya/gayuma/salamangkan magpie ibong magpay
mailn 1. correspondence lihamv 2. send sulatanadj main pangunahin
makev 1. manufacture gumawaphrase 2. make the bed ayusin ang higaanphrase 3. make friends makipagkaibiganphr v 4. make up (reconcile) makipagkasundon make-up mek-ap/pampagandaadj male lalakin mammal mamalyan man lalakiv manage mangasiwan manager tagapangasiwan mandarin mandarinn mango manggan manner (way) paraann manners (pertaining to kagawian
polite behaviour)
v manufacture gawaadj many maramin map mapan margin (of a book) marhenn marijuana marihuana
markv 1. correct markahann 2. numerical value for work kahalagahann 3. spot tatakn market pamilihann marriage kasalv marry ikasaln mat banig
matchv 1. suit parehan 2. implement for lighting pusporo
40
mate – midday
n 3. game labann mate (friend) kaibigann material materyaln mathematics matematikaabbrev maths *see mathematics
mattern 1. substance sangkapphrase 2. What's the matter? anong nangyayariphrase 3. It matters a lot ito’y mahalagang-mahalagav may (allowed to) maaari/pwedeadv maybe maaaringpron me akon meal pagkain
meanv 1. intend mangahulugan/sadyainn 2. average kalagitnaan/katamtamanphrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) di ko sinasadyan meaning ibig sabihinn means (resources) kakayahanpt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile samantalav measure sukatinn measurement kasukatan/sukatn meat karnen meat pie empanadang karnen mechanic mekanikon medication paggamotn medicine gamotadj medium panggitnav meet makita/makasalubongn melon milonv melt matunawn member miyembro/kasapiv memorise isaulon memory alaalav mend magkumpuniadj mental mental/pang-isipv mention banggitin
menun 1. list in restaurant listahan ng ulamn 2. list on a computer patnubay sa kompyutern mess gulo/kalatn message mensahe/pahatidpt v met *see meetn metal bakaln method paraann microscope mikroskopyon microwave (oven) maykroweb na hurnon midday katanghalian
41
middle – moist
middleadj 1. central kalagitnaann 2. centre gitnaadj middle-aged nasa gitnang gulangn midnight hatinggabi
mightv 1. express possibility titingnan/maaarin 2. strength lakasn migrant dayuhan/imigranteadj mild maamo/mahinayn military militaryan milk gatasn milkbar tindahang maliit
mindn 1. consciousness kaisipanphrase 2. Keep in mind alalahanin/tandaanphrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) huwag mag-alala/huwag intindihinphrase 4. I don't mind di ko iniintindiphrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) kaingatan/mag-ingat sa hakbang
minepron 1. possessive akinn 2. underground excavation minahann mineral mineraln minister (government) ministroprep minus bawas
minuten 1. unit of time minutoadj 2. very small napakaliitn mirror salaminadj miserable kaaba-aba/miserablev misplace mawaglit
missn 1. woman's title binibiniv 2. long for minimithiv 3. opposite of hit sumala/mintisadj missing nawawalan Missus ginangn Mister ginoon mistake kamalianv misunderstand di pagkakasundo/di maintindihanv mix pagsamahinn mixture pinaghalon mobile phone teleponong ‘mobile’
modeln 1. representation huwarann 2. person who shows clothes modeloadj modern modernoadj modest mahinhinadj moist basa-basa
42
moment – naked
n moment saglitn money peran monitor (computer) monitorn month buwann mood (frame of mind) disposisyonn moon buwanadj moral marangaladv more higitn morning umagan mosque meskitaadj most pinakan mother inan motor motorn motor bike motorsiklon motor scooter motor iskuter
mousen 1. animal dagan 2. computer part mousephrase mouse button (computer) buton ng mousen mousepad sapin ng mousen moustache bigoten mouth bibigv move kumilosn movement pagkilosn movie palabas/sineabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms giningadv much maramiadj multicultural iba-ibang kulturan multiplication multiplikasyonv multiply magmultiplikaabbrev mum *see mother
murdern 1. unlawful killing pagpatayv 2. kill unlawfully pinatayn muscle kalamnann mushroom kabuten music musika/awitinv must dapat/kailanganpron my ang akingn mystery misteryo
N n nag manisi
nailn 1. body part kukon 2. metal spike pakoadj naked hubad
43
name – nobody
namen 1. title tawagphrase 2. given name unang pangalanphrase 3. family name apelyidoadj narrow makitidadj nasty nakapandidirin nation bansa/nasyonadj nationality nasyonalidad/bansang sinilanganadj native katutubo
naturen 1. person's character ugalin 2. environment kalikasanprep near malapit saadv nearby sa tabi-tabiadv nearly muntik na/malapit ngadj neat maayosadj necessary kailangann neck leegv need mangailangann needle karayom
negativen 1. film negatiboadj 2. opposite of positive salungat/kontrav neglect pinabayaann neighbour kapitbahayadv neither alinma’y hindin nerve ugatadj nervous nerbiyosn nest pugad
netn 1. trap lambatn 2. sport equipment tela metalika (tennis)abbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) larong netboladv never kailanman ay hindiadj new bagon newspaper pahayagan
nextadv 1. after this kasunod nitoadj 2. following susunod naphrase 3. next door kabilang pintuanadj nice mainam/nakalulugodn night gabin nightclub klubn night dress kasuotang panggabi
noint 1. opposite yes hindidet 2. not at all walang anumanpron nobody walang sinuman
44
nocturnal – obvious
adj nocturnal panggabiv nod tumangon noise ingayadv noisily maingay naadj noisy maingaypron none walan noon katanghalianpron no-one walang ibaconj nor o kayaadj normal normaln north hilagan nose ilongn nosebleed pagdurugo ng ilongadv not huwag
noten 1. money perang papeln 2. short piece of writing maikling notaphrase 3. take note (be careful) tandaan naphrase 4. take notes magtalapron nothing walan notice paunawan notice board pisarang lalagyan ng paunawan noun pangngalann novel nobelaadv now ngayonadv nowadays sa panahong itoadv nowhere wala kahit saanadj nude hubo’t hubad
numbern 1. numeral numerov 2. count pagbilangphrase 3. a number of maraming bagayabbrev 4. no.
n nurse narsnut
n 1. fruit pili/nuwescolloq 2. mad person loko-lokon nutrition nutrisyon
Oadj obedient masunurinv obey sumunod
objectn 1. thing bagayn 2. aim layon/layuninv 3. be against sumalungatn objection pagtutolv obtain kumuhaadj obvious malinaw
45
occasion – only
n occasion pagkakataonadv occasionally paminsan-minsann occupation gawainn ocean malaking dagat/karagatanadv o'clock oras
oddadj 1. strange kakaibaphrase 2. odd number numerong may butalprep of ngint of course talaga/siyempre
offadv 1. away from palayo saprep 2. opposite on ipahiwalaycolloq phr 3. Off you go! lumakad na kayon offence kasalanan
offern 1. proposal alokv 2. present for approval mungkahin office opisinan officer opisyaladj official opisyaladv often malimitint oh! o
oiln 1. of petroleum langisv 2. grease grasaint okay okey
oldadj 1. opposite new lumaadj 2. opposite young matandan old age malaong edadadj old-fashioned makaluma
onprep 1. representing location saadj 2. opposite off isamaphrase 3. on fire nagliliyabphrase 4. on foot naglakad/nakapaaphrase 5. on time tama sa oras/nasa orasphrase 6. on holidays nagbabakasyonphrase 7. on the left sa kaliwaphrase 8. on the right sa kananphrase 9. on top sa itaas/sa ibabaw
onceadv 1. one time minsananphrase 2. at once kaagadphrase 3. once a week minsan sa isang lingoadj one isan onion sibuyasadv only lamang
46
open – overcrowded
openadj 1. opposite of closed bukasphrase 2. in the open (outside) nasa hayag na lugarn opening daanan
operatev 1. work umaandarv 2. carry out surgery operahinn operation operasyonn opinion opinyonn opportunity pagkakataonv oppose sumalungatn opposite katapat
orangeadj 1. colour kulay dalandann 2. fruit dalandan/kaheln orchestra orkestra
ordern 1. numerical sequence sunod sa kaayusann 2. direction for a supply pabiliv 3. put in sequence isa-ayosv 4. arrange supply of umorder ngadj ordinary karaniwan
organn 1. musical instrument organon 2. body part bahagin organisation samahanv organise magtatagn origin pinagmulanpron other iba/ikalawaconj otherwise kung hindipron our amin
outadv 1. opposite in sa labasprep 2. out of mula saphrase 3. Lights out! isara/patayin ang ilawphrase 4. made out of ginawa saphrase 5. out of bounds di maabot-abotphrase 6. out of date wala na sa petsaphrase 7. out of order wala sa lugar/ayosphrase 8. out of work walang trabahoadv outside nasa labasadj oval (shape) habilog
overadv 1. finished natapos naprep 2. pertaining to location sa itaasphrase 3. over and over muli’t muliphrase 4. over there doon sa phrase 5. fall over mabuwal mula sa pagkakatayoadj overcrowded siksikan
47
overdo – pass
v overdo lumabis/nasobrahanadj overdue huli na/lampas na sa panahonn overhead projector nasa ulunang proyektorv overhear narinigadj overnight magdamagadv overseas ibayong dagatv oversleep napasarap ng tulogv overtake unahan/lampasanv owe utangphrase owing to (due to) sa dahilang/dahil sa
ownv 1. have mag-ariphrase 2. his own money sariling peran owner may-arin oxygen oksiheno
Pv pack paketephrase pack of cards manghal na mga baraha n packet bilotn pad (as note-pad) sulatang papeln paddock sanayan ng mga kabayon page pahina/ipatawag/pahept v paid *see payn pain sakit/kirotv paint pagpinta/pagpipinturan painting pagpipintan pair pares/parehaadj pale maputlan pan bandehan pants mga pantalonn pantyhose pantihosn paper papeln paragraph talataanadj parallel kaagapayn parallelogram paralelogramon parent magulang
parkn 1. green space parke/liwasanv 2. as a car iparadan part bahagin participle (grammar) pandiwariadj particular talaga/tinutukoyn partner kaparehaadj part-time pansamantalan party (gathering) pagtitipon
passv 1. go by dumaanv 2. opposite of fail pumasa/lumusot
48
passage – persuade
v 3. hand over ipasan 4. train pass pases sa trenn passage lagusann passenger pasaheron passport pasaporte
pastn 1. time gone by nagdaanphrase 2. walk past dinaanan/nilampasanphrase 3. half past three kalahating oras makalipas ang ikatlophrase 4. past tense pangnagdaann pasta pasta
pasten 1. glue pandikitv 2. stick with paste idikitn path daraanan
patientn 1. a person under medical pasyente
treatment
adj 2. calm under stress mapagtiisn pause tigil-pansamantalan paw paa ng hayop
payn 1. earnings sahodv 2. provide with money bayarann pea gisantesn peace kapayapaanadj peaceful mapayapan pen panulatn pencil lapisn pencil case lalagyan ng lapisn penguin penggwinn pentagon limang panign pepper siliadv per cent porsiyenton percentage porsiyentoadj perfect walang depektov perform gawinn perfume pabangoadv perhaps marahil/maaari
periodn 1. school day division oras ng klasen 2. pertaining to menstruation buwanang reglan 3. amount of time panahonn permission pahintulot
permitn 1. licence lisensyav 2. allow pahintulutann person taov persuade hikayatin
49
pet – plate
n pet alagang hayopn petrol petrolyo/gasolinaabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy potostat/kinopya sa makina
photographn 1. picture larawanv 2. take a picture maglitraton phrase pariralaadj physical pisikaln pianist piyanistan piano piyano
pickv 1. choose pumilicolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) tinakotcolloq phr 3. pick up some English matuto ng Inglesphrase 4. take your pick piliin mon picnic piknikn picture larawann piece pirason pile buntonn pill pildorasn pillow unann pilot piloton pin aspilin pineapple pinyan pipe pipa
pityn 1. shame kahiya-hiyav 2. feel sorry for maawa
placen 1. location lugarv 2. put ilagayphrase 3. take place (occur) mangyariphrase 4. my place (home) aming bahay
plainn 1. field parangadj 2. ordinary simplephrase 3. It's plain (clear) malinaw
plann 1. scheme plano/panukalav 2. organise magbalak/magplanoabbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet planetan plant halaman
plasticn 1. resinous substance plastikadj 2. mouldable madaling baguhinn plate (household item) plato/pinggan
50
platform – pool
platformn 1. on station plataporman 2. for diving entabladon platypus platipus
playn 1. drama gumanap sa papel na v 2. have fun magsayaphrase 3. play a game maglarophrase 4. play a CD magpatugtog ng CDn playground palaruanadj pleasant kasiya-siyaint please pakisuyoadj pleased nasiyahann pleasure kasiyahann plenty marami
plugn 1. stopper pamasakn 2. electrical plag/pangsaksak sa koryentephr v 3. plug in isaksak
pluraladj 1. more than one maramin 2. grammar form maramihanprep plus idinagdag
pocketn 1. pouch bulsan 2. pocket money perang bulsa/panggastosn poem tulan poet manunulan poetry mga tula
pointn 1. sharp end matulisn 2. reason dahilann 3. numerical value puntov 4. gesture with finger magturophr v 5. point out iturophrase 6. point of view katwiranv poke sundutinn pole tikin/posten police pulisya
polishn 1. substance used for shining pampakintabv 2. make glossy pakintabinadj polite magalangn politics politikav pollute parumihinn pollution karumihan/polyusyonn pool (of water) sanaw
51
poor – preparation
pooradj 1. opposite rich mahirap/dukhaadj 2. not very good mahinang uricolloq 3. pitiable kaawa-awaabbrev pop *see popularadj popular bantogn population mga mamamayan
positionn 1. location kinatatayuann 2. viewpoint on paninindigan
positiveadj 1. opposite negative positiboadj 2. sure sigurado/tiyakv possess mag-arin possession pag-aariadj possible maaaringn possum posumv post koreon postage stamp selyon postcard postkardn post office opisina ng koreon poster paskiln pot (container) palayokn potato patatasn pot plant halamang pampason pouch bulsan powder pulbos
powern 1. strength lakasphrase 2. in power (in charge) nasa puwestoadj powerful makapangyarihanphrase power point saksakan ng koryenteadj practical praktikaln practice praktisv practise magsanay
praisen 1. approval purihinv 2. express approval magpahalaga/sumang-ayonv pray magdasaln prayer dasaladj precious mahalagav prefer mabutihinadj pregnant buntisn prejudice maling pagpapalagay
premiern 1. state government leader premier/pinuno ng estadoadj 2. leading pangunahingn preparation paghahanda
52
prepare – progress
v prepare maghandan preposition pang-ukoln prescription (doctor's) reseta/preskripsyon
presentn 1. gift regalov 2. give out magkaloobadj 3. opposite absent nariritophrase 4. at present (now) sa ngayonn president pangulo/presidente
pressn 1. media medyav 2. push pisainv pretend magkunwariadj pretty marikitv prevent hadlanganadj previous nauna/nakalipasn price presyov prick tudlok/tusukinn pride kahambuganadj primary pangunahin/unan primary school primerya-eskwelan prime minister punong ministro
principaln 1. school head prinsipaladj 2. leading pinakamahalagan principle paraan/prinsipyo
printv 1. of handwriting magsulatv 2. of machine mag-imprintan printer (computer) printern prison kulungan/bilangguanadj private pribadon prize premyo/gantimpalan probability probabilidadadj probable maaaring mangyariadv probably marahil ngan problem suliraninv proceed magpatuloyn process proseson procession prosesiyon
producen 1. yield aniv 2. make gumawan product produkton profession propesyon/hanapbuhayn professor propesorn profit tubon program programan progress progreso
53
project – pyjamas
n project (as school project) proyekto/ gawainpromise
n 1. assurance pangakov 2. vow mangakon pronoun panghalipv pronounce sabihin/bigkasinn pronunciation pagbigkasn proof pruweba/katunayanadj proper nauukol/wastoadv properly pantangin property ari-arianv protect pangalagaan/protektahann protection proteksiyon
protestn 1. objection protestav 2. object tumutoladj proud palalo/mayabangv prove patunayanv provide maglaan/magbigayn pub inumanadj public publikon public school eskwelahang publikophrase public transport sasakyang pampubliko
pullv 1. tug hilahinphr v 2. pull down (demolish) gibainphr v 3. pull up (stop) tumigil/ihintocolloq phr 4. pull oneself together ayusin ang sarili/maghunus-dilin pump bombaadj punctual maagapv punish parusahann punishment parusa
pupiln 1. eye part balintatawn 2. school student mag-aaral/estudyanteadj pure puroadj purple murado/kulay biyoleta
pushv 1. exert force itulakphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) makipag-unahan
putv 1. place ilagayphr v 2. put away (pack up) itagophr v 3. put off (delay) ilibanphr v 4. put on (dress in) isuotphr v 5. put out (as fire) patayin angphr v 6. put up with (endure) magtiisn puzzle palaisipann pyjamas padyamas/damit pantulog
54
pyramid – realise
n pyramid piramide
Q v qualify (make competent) maging kwalipikadoadj quality uri/kalidadn quantity damiv quarrel pag-aawayn quarter ika-apatn queen reynan question katanungann queue pila ng hintayanadj quick mabilisadv quickly bilisanadj quiet matahimikadv quietly walang ingayv quit huminto/umayawadv quite lubos
R race
n 1. competition kareran 2. ethnicity ka-etnikohan/lahiv 3. compete makipagpaligsahann racism rasismon radio radyon radius rayusn railing barandilyan railway daang bakal/riles ng trenn rain ulann rain coat kapotev raise itaaspt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range hanayv rank ihanayadj rapid sunod-sunodadj rare bihira/madalangn rash (skin eruption) butlig-butligadv rather (to a certain extent) lalong mabutiadj raw hilaw/di-luto
reachv 1. arrive at dumatingphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) di kayang abutinv react manugon/tuguninn reaction palagay/epekto/tugonv read basahinadj ready handaadj real tunayv realise maunawaan
55
really – republic
adv really totooadj rear likurann reason dahilan/rasonv receive (get) pagtanggapadj recent kailan langn recess (morning tea) rises/saglit na pahingacolloq reckon (think or suppose) palagayv recognise kilalaninv record magtala
recountn 1. story genre magkwentov 2. narrate magsalaysay
recoverv 1. get back mabawiv 2. get better gumalingn rectangle rektangguloadj red pulav reduce bawasanv refer sumanggunin referee reperin refrigerator reprihiradorn refugee repuhiyado/nag-ebakuwetv refuse tumanggin region rehiyonv regret magsisiadj regular karaniwanadv regularly panayann relation (kin) kamag-anakann relationship relasyonn relative kamag-anakv relax relaksn religion relihiyonv remain maiwann remark banggitv remember alalahaninv remind ipaalalan reminder pagunitav remove alisin
rentn 1. payment for accommodation rentav 2. hire upav repeat ulitv replace palitanv reply kasagutan
reportn 1. written account pag-uulatv 2. give an account mag-ulatn reporter taga-ulatn republic republika
56
request – ring
requestn 1. petition kahilinganv 2. ask for makiusapv rescue iligtas
reserven 1. park parkev 2. keep aside maglaann resident residenten respect respeton responsibility responsibilidadadj responsible may kapanagutan
restn 1. relaxation pagpapahingav 2. relax magpahingan 3. remainder natitiran restaurant restorann rest room kubetan result resulta
returnn 1. arrival back kabalikanv 2. go back to bumalikv 3. give back to ibalikphrase 4. return tickets mga balikang tiket
reverseadj 1. opposite forward paatrasv 2. go backwards umatrasv revise baguhin
revolutionn 1. full circle pag-ikotn 2. war rebolusyonn reward gantimpalan rhythm indayog/ritmon ribbon lason rice bigasadj rich mayamanv rid magpaalisv ride sumakay
rightadj 1. opposite wrong tamaadj 2. opposite left kaliwaadv 3. direction pakaliwan 4. just claim karapatanphrase 5. all right (as for health) malusog ang lahatphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) maayos ang lahatphrase 7. right now (immediately) ngayon na agadn right angle kanang anggulo
ringn 1. jewellery alahasv 2. as a phone tawagan
57
ripe – run
v 3. as a bell tugtogadj ripe hinog
risen 1. ascent pag-akyatv 2. get up bumangonn risk risko/peligron river ilogn road daanv roar umungoln robot robotn rock baton rockpool kabatuhann rod kabilya/baton/patpatpt v rode *see ride
rolln 1. absentee list talaan n 2. form of bread tinapayv 3. move by turning over pagulunginn roof bubongn room silid/kuwarton root ugatn rope tali
rosen 1. flower bulaklak na rosaspt v 2. *see rise
adj rough baku-bakoround
adj 1. circular biluganphrase 2. round the corner pagliko sa kanto
rown 1. arrangement in a line hileran 2. fight away/labanv 3. as a boat pagsagwanadj royal maharlikav rub magkuskosn rubber goman rubbish basuraadj rude bastosv ruin guho
rulen 1. regulation regulasyonv 2. as a line guhitanv 3. govern pamamahalan ruler (school equipment) ruler
runv 1. move fast tumakbophrase 2. a river runs into the ocean ang ilog na umaagos sa dagatphr v 3. run away from lumayasphr v 4. run out of maubusan
58
rung – scissors
phr v 5. run over (with a car) masagasaann rung (of a ladder) baitingn runner-up pangalawaphrase runny nose tumutulong ilongv rush magmadali
Sadj sad malungkotadj safe ligtaspt v said *see say
sailn 1. part of ship layagv 2. cause movement of ship maglayag
using wind
n salad saladn salary suweldon sale bentahann salt asinadj same katuladn sand buhanginn sandal sandalyan sandwich sanwitspt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction kasiyahanadj satisfactory kasiya-siyaadj satisfied nasisiyahanv satisfy masiyahann sauce sarsan sausage soriso/longganisa
savev 1. rescue iligtasv 2. keep on computer itagov 3. keep as money ipunin
sawn 1. tool lagarept v 2. *see see
v say magsabiscale
n 1. covering on animals kaliskisn 2. measuring device timbanganadj scarce kakauntin scarf bupanda/bandanan scene eksenan scenery tanawinn school paaralann school shoe sapatos pampaaralann science siyensyan scissors gunting
59
score – set
scoren 1. points made in a game puntosv 2. to get points makapuntosv scream sumigawn screen panabingn screw turnilyon sea maliit na dagatn seagull ibong segul
searchn 1. the act of searching paghahanapv 2. look for hanapinn season kapanahunann seat upuan
secondn 1. unit of time segundoadj 2. after first pangalawaadv secondly pangalawang kadahilanan
secretn 1. something hidden sekreto/lihimadj 2. unknown by others lihim sa karamihann section seksyonv see makitan seed buto/binhiv seek humanapadv seldom bihira/madalangv select piliinadj selfish sakimv sell magtindav send magpadala
sensen 1. one of the five faculties pandamaphrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) nauunawaanadj sensible makatwiranpt v sent *see sendn sentence pangungusap
separateadj 1. disconnected paglayuinv 2. to keep apart paghiwalayinn sequence pagkakasunod-sunodn series serye
seriousadj 1. important mahalagaadj 2. opposite of lighthearted seryoson servant alila/katulongv serve maglingkodn service serbisyo
setv 1. to put in a particular place ilagak/ilagayn 2. a group of things set
60
settle – short cut
phr v 3. set off (go) pagsimulan/umpisaphr v 4. set out (put in order) magtakdaphr v 5. set up (prepare) maghanda
settlev 1. to live in tumira saphr v 2. settle on (agree on) magkaayos sa/magkasundon settlement paninirahann settler ang nakatiraadj several maramiv sew tahiinn sex kasarian/seksn sexism pagkadi-mapagbigay/ukol sa seksn shade lilimn shadow aninov shake kalugin/yugyuginv shall maaariadj shallow mababawn shame hiyan shampoo siyampo/gugon shape hugis
sharen 1. portion bahagiv 2. divide up hatiinadj sharp matalas/matalimn sharpener pampatalas/pampatalimv shave ahitpron she siya n sheep tupa
sheetn 1. of paper pirason 2. of bedding kumotn shelf salansanan/istanten shell (of sea) kabibin shelter tirahan/silunganv shine pakintabinadj shiny makintabn ship baporn shirt kamisadentro/kamisan shock pagkabiglan shoe sapatosv shoot patamaan/barilin
shopn 1. place to buy goods tindahanv 2. buy goods mamilin shore baybay-dagat
shortadj 1. opposite tall pandakadj 2. opposite long maigsi/maiklin short cut pinaikli
61
shorts – skate
n shorts (clothing) pantalong maiklishot
n 1. gunfire nabarilpt v 2. *see shoot
v should dapat v shout sumigawv shove isalya/itulak
showv 1. display ipakita/idispleyn 2. as on TV palabas phr v 3. show off (be pretentious) magpakita/ipagyabang
showern 1. weather condition umulan-ulan/ambonv 2. wash oneself maligo/mag-siyawern 3. bathroom apparatus pansiyawerv shrink umurong/lumiitv shut sumara/isaraadj shy mahiyainadj sick maysakit/may karamdamann sick bay lagakan ng maysakitn side panigadv sideways patagilidn sight paningin
signn 1. information board karatulav 2. write one's signature pirmahan/lagdaann signal senyasn signature pirma/lagdan sign language lengguwaheng mustra/senyasn silence tahimikadj silent matahimikn silk sutlaadj silly uto-uton silver pilakadj similar katulad/kaparehoadj simple simplev sing kumanta/umawitadj single nag-iisan singlet kamisan singular (grammatical) isahan
sinkn 1. tub for washing lababov 2. go down lumubogn Sir (respectful form of address) Ser/pon sister kapatid na babaev sit umupo
skatev 1. glide over the ground mag-iskeyt sa lupan 2. equipment for skating iskeyt
62
skateboard – so
n skateboard iskeytbordn skateboarding paglalaro ng iskeytbordn ski iskin skiing pag-iiskiadj skilful maalam/sanayn skill kakayahann skin balat
skipv 1. jump lundagv 2. pass over lakdawan/lampasann skirt sayan sky langitn slang islangv slap sampaln slave alipinv sleep matulogadj sleepy na-aantokpt v slept *see sleepn slice hiwav slide magpadulasadj slim payatn sling bitinanv slip magtanan/madulasn slipper (type of shoe) tsinelasadj slippery madulasv slit hiwainn slope gulod
slowadj 1. opposite fast mabagaladj 2. behind time mahuliadv slowly marahanadj small maliitadj smart (clever) matalinov smash durugin
smelln 1. odour amoyv 2. inhale an odour maamoy
smilen 1. facial expression pagtawav 2. make facial expression tumawa
smoken 1. visible substance from fire usokv 2. inhale a substance manigarilyo/humithit adj smooth makinisn snack minindal/miryendan snake ahasv sneeze hatsingn snow niyebeconj so (consequently) kaya
63
soap – sphere
n soap sabonn soccer larong soker putboln society lipunann sock (clothing) medyas
softadj 1. opposite hard malambotadj 2. opposite loud mahinayadv softly marahanpt v sold *see sell
solidadj 1. three dimensional figure lantay/solidon 2. matter that is not liquid or gas buo
solutionn 1. answer sagotn 2. mixture (scientific) sangkap/halov solve lutasindet some ang ilann somebody may taon someone isang taoadv sometimes kung minsann son anak na lalakin song awitin/kantaadv soon agad
soreadj 1. painful masakitn 2. painful spot makirotphrase 3. sore throat masakit na lalamunanadj sorry nagsisisiv sort uriinn soul kaluluwan sound tunogn soup sabawadj sour maasimn south timog
spacen 1. outside earth's atmosphere alangaangn 2. room kwarton spade palaadj spare labisv speak magsalitaadj special ispesyal/natatangin speech talumpati
speedn 1. rapidity tulin/bilisv 2. go fast magpatulin/bilisan v spell magbaybayv spend gastahin/waldasinpt v spent *see spendn sphere bilog
64
spill – starfish
v spill tumaponv spin umikotn spirit (soul) espiritov spit lumurav splash tumilamsikv split biyakinv spoil bulukinpt v spoke *see speakn spoon kutsaran sport isportn sports oval dausan ng isportn sports shoe sapatos pang-isport
spotn 1. circular pattern mantsan 2. sore masakit na bahagin 3. place lugarv 4. see makitav spread palamanan
springn 1. season tagsibolv 2. jump lumundag
spyn 1. person who keeps secret espiya/manunubok
watch on others
v 2. watch tiktikan/subaybayansquare
n 1. plane figure kuwadradoadj 2. shaped as a square hinugis kuwadradon staffroom silid-pamunuann stage entabladon stair hagdanan
stampn 1. as for postage selyov 2. impress a mark on timbrihanv 3. strike with foot tadyakan
standv 1. take upright position tumayophr v 2. stand back lumayo kayo phr v 3. stand for (signify) tumutukoy ngphr v 4. stand up for (defend) ipaglabancolloq phr 5. I can't stand it (I hate it) di ko makayanan ito n standard pamantayan
starn 1. astral body bituin n 2. famous actor, singer etc. istar/bituin saadj 3. shape hugis-bituinn starfish isdang-bituin
65
start – stop
start n 1. beginning simula ng v 2. begin magsimula
statev 1. say ipahayagn 2. political division estadon statement pahayag
stationn 1. of railway istasyon ng trenn 2. police station istasyon/himpilan ng pulisn statue estatwav stay tumigiladj steady patuloyn steak hiniwang karnev steal magnakawn steam singawn steel bakaladj steep matarikn stem tangkay
stepv 1. move using feet humakbangn 2. stair baitangphrase 3. watch your step (be careful) mag-ingat sa paglakadn stepbrother kapatid sa labas na lalakin stepfather pangalawang aman stepmother pangalawang inan stepsister kapatid sa labas na babae
stickv 1. fasten idikitn 2. piece of wood tungkodadj sticky malagkitadj stiff maganit/matigas
stilladv 1. without moving walang galawadv 2. yet pav sting sundutin/sungkitin
stinkn 1. bad odour maamoyv 2. smell very bad mabahong amoyv stir umibopt v stole *see stealn stomach tiyann stomach-ache masakit ang tiyann stone batopt v stood *see stand
stopn 1. cessation itigilv 2. halt tigil/hinto
66
store – suburb
n store tipon/tindahann storey palapagn storm bagyon story kuwenton stove kalan/lutuann stove top itaas ng kalan
straightadj 1. not crooked tuwidadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) di kulotphrase 3. straight ahead diretso langv straighten ituwidv strain higpitanadj strange ibang-iban stranger dayuhann strawberry presasn stream sapan street daan/kalyen strength lakas
stressv 1. put emphasis on ipagdiinann 2. tension pagodadj strict mahigpit
strikev 1. hit hampasin/tamaann 2. blow hampasphrase 3. on strike (not working) welgan string pisi/lubid/gawadn strip alisanv stroke himasinadj strong (powerful) malakasn struggle magpunyagipt v stuck *see stickn student mag-aaral/estudyante
studyn 1. room of house pang-aralang silidv 2. endeavour to acquire mag-aral
knowledge
stuffn 1. material bagay-bagayv 2. push siksikinadj stupid tangan style istilo
subjectn 1. course of study asignaturan 2. topic paksan substance sustansiyav subtract bawasann subtraction pagbabawasn suburb arabal/suburbiya
67
succeed – survey
v succeed magtagumpayn success tagumpayv suck sipsipinadj sudden biglaadv suddenly pabiglav suffer magtiisn sugar asukalv suggest magmungkahin suggestion suhestiyon/mungkahi
suitn 1. clothing ternov 2. be appropriate bumagayadj suitable angkopn sum (total) kabuuann summer tag-arawn sun arawn sunburn paso ng araw/sunog sa arawn sunglasses pang-araw na salamin sa matan sunhat tabing sa araw/sombrerong pang-arawadj sunny maarawn sunscreen pampahid na tabing sa arawn sunshine silahis/sinag ng araw
supplyn 1. provisions mga kailanganv 2. provide tustos
supportn 1. assistance alalay/suportav 2. provide assistance itaguyodv suppose (assume) sakaliadj sure tiyak
surfn 1. seaswell alimbukayv 2. ride a surfboard sumakay sa tablang pang-alimbukayn surface ibabawn surfboard tablang pang-alimbukayn surfer taong sumasakay sa alimbukay
surgeryn 1. doctor's room silid ng duktorn 2. operation by doctor pag-ooperan surname apelyido
surprisen 1. unexpected event di-inaasahang pangyayariv 2. catch unprepared biniglaadj 3. unexpected magulatv surrender sumukov surround palibutan
surveyn 1. poll suriin/bilanganv 2. ask questions of pagsisiyasat
68
survival – tame
n survival pananatiling buhayv survive pananatili upang mabuhayn swagman magbobotin/namamangkav swallow lumunokpt v swam *see swim
swearv 1. use bad language magmurav 2. take oath of truth sumumpa/manumpav sweep mag-walisadj sweet matamisn sweet corn matamis na maisn sweet potato kamote v swim lumangoyn swimmer manlalangoyn swimming lumalangoyn swimming carnival karnabal ng languyann swimming costume kasuotang-panlangoy
swingv 1. sway iwasiwasn 2. play equipment duyan
switchn 1. device for turning on/off switsv 2. change ilipat/pagpalitinadj swollen mamagaphrase swollen ankle namamagang tuhodn sword espada
Ttable
n 1. furniture mesan 2. list listahann table tennis pingpongn tablet (medication) tabletasn tail buntot
takev 1. seize kuninv 2. last for (as time) hanggang kayaphr v 3. take away (mathematical) bawasin angphr v 4. take away (remove) alisin angphr v 5. take away (fast food) dinadalang pagkainphr v 6. take off (as clothing) maghubadphr v 7. take off (as plane) lumipadn tale kuwento/istorya
talkn 1. conversation pag-uusapv 2. converse mag-usapadj tall matangkadadj tame maamo
69
tan – terrific
tanv 1. sunbake tuyo sa arawadj 2. colour kulay arawn tank tangken tap (as for water) gripov tape (record) teypn task gawain
tastev 1. sample pagtikimphrase 2. the food tastes good masarap ang pagkainadj tasty malinamnampt v taught *see teachn tax buwisn taxi taksi
tean 1. beverage tsaan 2. dinner hapunanv teach pagtuturon teacher guron teacher's aide alalay sa pagtuturo/alalay ng guron team samahan
tearv 1. rip pagpunitn 2. liquid from the eye luhav tease pagbibiron technology teknolohiyan teenager tin-edyer
telephonen 1. device for phoning teleponov 2. ring tawagann telephone booth tawagan ng teleponon telescope teleskopyo
televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts telebisyonabbrev 2. TV
v tell magsabi/sabihinn temper hinahon/damdaminn temperature temperaturan temple temploadj temporary pansamantalan tennis tennisn tent tolda
termn 1. a period of time panahonn 2. a naming word katawaganadj terrible kakila-kilabotadj terrific nakasisindak
70
test – tie
testn 1. examination pagsusuriv 2. check tingnann text teksto/pagkaletra
thankv 1. express appreciation pasasalamatphrase 2. give thanks magpasalamatint 3. thank you (polite expression maraming salamat
of gratitude)
thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing iyonconj 2. used as subject of relative na
clause
det the angn theatre teatro/sinehanpron their kanilapron them nilaadv then noonadv there doonconj therefore kung kaya/samakatuwidn thermometer termometropron they silaadj thick makapaln thief magnanakawadj thin mapayatv think mag-isipn thong (footwear) sinelas/ismagel
thoughtn 1. idea naisipaanpt v 2. *see think
threadn 1. cotton sinulidv 2. put through eye of needle isuot sa butas ng karayom pt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side to sa kabila
another)
v throw ihagisn thumb dalirin thunder kulogn thunderstorm bagyong may kidlat at pagkulogadv thus kaya ngav tick (indicate correctness) kudlit/tsekn ticket tiketn tide paglaki o pagliit ng tubig sa dagatadj tidy malinis
tien 1. clothing kurbatav 2. fasten italin 3. equal place patas/pantay
71
tight – town
adj tight mahigpitv tilt tikwas/itagilid
timen 1. measurement of duration panahonphrase 2. in time (not late) tama sa orasphrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) nasa orasphrase 4. at times may oras naphrase 5. a good time magpakasayaphrase 6. take your time (don't rush) magdahan-dahan lamangphrase 7. What's the time? ano’ng oras naphrase 8. two times four (mathematical) dalawa imultiplika ng apatn timetable talatakdaan ng oras/tala-orasan
tipn 1. hint himaton/tipn 2. rubbish dump tambakanv 3. tilt itiwarik/itagilidn 4. pointed extremity tulisphr v 5. tip over (spill) pagtagilidn tissue tisyun title tituloprep to san today ngayong arawn toe daliriadv together magkasaman toilet kubeta/palikuranpt v told *see telln tomato kamatisn tomorrow bukasn tongue dilapt v took *see taken tool kasangkapann tooth ngipinn toothache masakit ang ngipin
topn 1. highest point pinakatuktokn 2. clothing pang-itaasn topic paksapt v tore *see tear
totaln 1. complete amount kabuuanv 2. add up sumahinv touch hipuinn tour paglilibotv tow hilahinprep towards papunta san towel tuwalyan tower toren town bayan
72
toy – turn
n toy laruanv trace taluntunin/sundann track (pathway) daanann tracksuit kasuotang pang-ehersisiyon tractor traktora
traden 1. exchange of commodities bentahanv 2. carry on trade pagtitindan traffic trapiko
trainn 1. means of transport trenv 2. practise magsasanay
trapn 1. device for catching things patibongv 2. catch pagkahulin trapezium trapisiyumv travel maglakbayv tread maglakadv treat (as a disease) maggamot/maglunasn tree punongkahoyv tremble manginign triangle tatsulokphrase triangular prism tatsulok na prisman tribe tribov trick paglansi/nilokov trim putulan ng kaunti
tripn 1. journey paglalakbayv 2. fall over mapadapaadj tropical tropikal
troublen 1. problem problemav 2. cause worry magka-problema/mag-alalaphr 3. in trouble with may problema san trousers pantalonn truck trakadj true totoon trunk (as of elephant) nguso
tryn 1. attempt pagtatangkaphrase 2. try hard magsikap ng mabutiphr v 3. try on (as for clothing) isukatphr v 4. try out for (audition for) sumali sa pagsubokn T-shirt tisertn tub batyan tube tubo
turnv 1. move around pumihit/paikutin
73
twice – urge
n 2. action following someone paghalilielse's
phr v 3. turn into (become) magingphr v 4. turn off (switch off) isaraphr v 5. turn on buksanphr v 6. turn up (arrive) dumatingadv twice doble/dalawang ulitv twist magpilipit
typen 1. kind uriv 2. use a machine to write mag-tipan tyre gulong
U adj ugly pangitn umbrella payongn uncle tiyoadj unconscious walang malayprep under sa ilalimv undergo magpasailalimadj underground sa ilalim ng lupav underline guhitan sa babaadv underneath sa ilalimn underpants pang-ilalimv understand maintindihanpt v understood *see understandn underwear kasuotang pag-ilalimv undo kalasin/alisinadj unemployed walang trabahon uniform unipormen union unyon
unitn 1. type of housing bahay na yunit/apartmentn 2. measurement sukatv unite magkaisan universe sanlibutann university unibersidad/pamantasanprep until hanggang saadj unusual kakaibaprep up (to a higher place) sa itaasprep upon (up and on) sa ibabaw ngadj upper itaasadj upright patayoadj upset itaobadj upside-down nakataobadv upstairs sa itaasv urge sulsulan/hinikayat
74
urgent – wall
adj urgent kaagad-agadpron us kami
usen 1. the act of using paggamitv 2. employ gamitinadj used (not new) luma/gamit na
V n vaccination bakunaadj vain walang kabuluhann valley lambakadj valuable mahalaga
valuen 1. worth kahalagahanv 2. to hold in high esteem pahalagahann van (truck) trakn variety sari-sari/ibat-ibav vary ibahinadj various magkakaiban vegetable gulayn vegetable garden hardin ng gulayn vegetarian gulay ang kainn vehicle behikulo/sasakyann verandah berandan verb pandiwaadv very napaka/lubos naabbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinarian beterinaryon video (recording) bidyon view panoorinn village nayonadj violent marahas/mabangisn violin biyolinv visit bumisitan visitor bisitan voice bosesn volleyball (game) larong baliboln volume damiv vote boton vowel patinign voyage biyahe
W n wage suweldov wait maghintayv wake gumisingv walk lumakadn walkway daanann wall pader
75
wallaby – Web
n wallaby walabi/maliit na kanggaron wallet pitakav wander gumalav want guston war labanan/giyeran waratah waratan wardrobe aparador ng damitadj warm (opposite cool) mainitadj warm-blooded dugong-buhayv warn pagbalaann warning babalapt v was *see be
washv 1. clean with water hugasanphr v 2. wash up (of dishes) maghugasn washing machine (clothes) makinang tagalaba
wastev 1. employ uselessly mag-aksayan 2. rejected products produktong tapon na
watchn 1. timepiece relosv 2. look at tingnan/bantayanphr v 3. watch out (be careful) mag-ingat sa
watern 1. liquid tubigv 2. moisten basainn watermelon pakwann wattle tree punong watel
waven 1. swell of water alonv 2. make a hand signal kumampayadj wavy maaalonn wax pagkit
wayn 1. road daraananphrase 2. a long way malayophrase 3. a good way mabuting paraanphrase 4. give way magbigay daanpron we tayoadj weak mahinan wealth yamanadj wealthy mayamann weapon armas
wearv 1. erode pagka-ubosv 2. put on (as for clothing) magsuotn web (as for spider) sapot abbrev Web *see World Wide Web
76
wedding – width
n wedding kasalann week linggov weigh timbanginn weight timbang
welcomen 1. a kind greeting maligayang batiint 2. You're welcome! (polite walang anuman
response to thank you)
welln 1. hole in earth balonadj 2. in good health mabuting kalusuganadv 3. in a satisfactory manner maayosint 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) kung gayonint 5. Well done! magalingpt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west kanluran
wetv 1. moisten basainadj 2. opposite dry pagkabasapron what (interrogative) anon wheel gulongpron when (interrogative) kailanconj whenever tuwinapron where (interrogative) saan
which pron 1. what one of a number alin
(interrogative)
pron 2. relative (refers to something tungkol sapreviously mentioned)
conj while habangn whip pamalov whisper bulong
whistlev 1. make a musical sound sumipoln 2. equipment used to make pansipol/sultip
a sound
adj white maputin whiteboard pisarang-puti
whopron 1. interrogative sinopron 2. relative pronoun sinu-sinoadj whole buoadv why bakitadj wicked buhongadj wide malawakn widow biyudan widower biyudon width lapad
77
wild – write
adj wild mailapwill
v 1. auxiliary used in future tense tiyak nan 2. declaration of wishes on testamento
one's death
n 3. choice of one's actions ginustov win magtamo
windn 1. movement of air hanginv 2. turn in a circular way ipulupotcolloq phr 3. wind up (finish) pagtataposphr v 4. wind up (as a clock) susiann windmill molinong pinaiikot ng hanginn window bintanan window sill pasamanoadj windy mahanginn wing pakpakn winter tag-lamigv wipe punasann wire alambreadj wise matalinon wish maghangadprep with sa/kasama ngv withdraw (as for money) maglabasn witness testigopt v woke *see waken woman babaen wombat wombatpt v won *see winv wonder pagtatakan wood kahoyn woodwork trabaho sa kahoyn wool lanan word salitapt v wore *see wear
workn 1. labour trabahov 2. carry out labour magtrabahov 3. be operational umaandar phr v 4. work out (solve) lutasinn world daigdign World Wide Web pandaigdigang webv worry mag-alalaadv worse sumaman worth kahalagahanv wrap magbalotv wring magpigan wrist galanggalanganv write sumulat
78
wrong – zucchini
adj wrong (incorrect) malipt v wrote *see writeabbrev www *see World Wide Web
Xn x-ray eksrey
Yn yacht yaten yard yardav yawn humikabn year taonadj yellow dilawint yes oon yesterday kahaponpron you ikawadj young batapron your (possessive) inyo
Zn zone sonan zoo soon zucchini sukini
79
Appendix 1
Numerals and Ordinals
Symbol Numeral Ordinal
1 one first
2 two second
3 three third
4 four fourth
5 five fifth
6 six sixth
7 seven seventh
8 eight eighth
9 nine ninth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
13 thirteen thirteenth
14 fourteen fourteenth
15 fifteen fifteenth
16 sixteen sixteenth
17 seventeen seventeenth
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth
20 twenty twentieth
30 thirty thirtieth
40 forty fortieth
50 fifty fiftieth
60 sixty sixtieth
70 seventy seventieth
80 eighty eightieth
90 ninety ninetieth
100 one hundred one hundredth
1000 one thousand one thousandth
10000 ten thousand ten thousandth
100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth
1000000 one million one millionth
80
Appendix 2
Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms
Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form
Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese
Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean
Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar
Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish
Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian
Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese
Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian
Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian
China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian
Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani
Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian
Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino
East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish
Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese
Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian
El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan
Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian
Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian
Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese
Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian
Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese
Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai
India Indian Tonga Tongan
Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish
Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian
Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan
Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan
Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese
81
Appendix 3
Common Irregular Verbs
Base Form Past Tense Past participle
awake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held
82
Common Irregular Verbs (continued)
Base Form Past Tense Past participle
hurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew known
lay laid laid
lead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold sold
send sent sent
show showed showed/shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understood
wake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written
83
Analog time 24 hour time
12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours
1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours
2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours
3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours
4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours
5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours
6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours
7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours
8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours
9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours
10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours
11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours
12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours
1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours
2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours
3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours
4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours
5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours
6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours
7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours
8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours
9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours
10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours
11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours
Appendix 4
Times
half past three3.30am or 3.30pm
zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty
84
Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)
quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm
three o'clock3.00am or 3.00pm
quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm
Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)
Bibliography
Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teachingand Research, Macquarie University, NSW.
Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal TorresStrait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,Canberra.
The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.
My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.
NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.
Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,Oxford.
Weight (mass) Length Volume
1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre
1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre
1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre
Appendix 6
Weights and measures
Days
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Units of time
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
4 weeks = 1 month
12 months = 1 year
4 years = 1 leap year
10 years = 1 decade
100 years = 1 century
1000 years = 1 millenium
85
Appendix 5
Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time