Post on 04-Jun-2018
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Hiroyuki Inahata and Hiroshi Koyama
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation7 December, 2011
Evolution of SAR Satellite forEvolution of SAR Satellite for
Agriculture ApplicationsAgriculture Applications
APRSAFAPRSAF--1818
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Table of Contents
1. Company Profile
2. MELCO Capability in Earth Observation Field
3. SAR Applications for Agriculture
4. SAR Sensor Hardware
5. Conclusions
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JAXATanegashima Space Center
Tanegasima
Head OfficeHead Office
MELCOMELCOss FacilityFacility
Information TechnologyR&D Center
Advanced TechnologyR&D Center
Sagami Plant
under Kamakura Works(Composite Material)
Communication Systems CenterCommunication Systems Center(Ground Segment)(Ground Segment)
Kamakura WorksKamakura Works(Space Segment)(Space Segment)
TokyoTokyo
Sagamihara
Ofu
na
Kam
akura
Kam
akura
Osaka
Osaka
Osaka
JAXA Facility
Satelli te Operation CenterSatellite Operation Center(at Kamakura Works)(at Kamakura Works)
1. Company ProfileSpace Related Facilities in Japan
3
Consolidated Net SalesJPY 3,645 billion(US$43.9B)
Employee114,443
Consolidated Net SalesConsolidated Net SalesJPY 3,645 billion(US$43.9B)JPY 3,645 billion(US$43.9B)
EmployeeEmployee114,443114,443
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1. Company ProfileHeritages in Past Space Program
2009
Participated in over 450 satellites worldwideParticipated in over 450 satellites worldwideAs of August. 2011
Over 50 prime
contracts including
- 21 communicationsatellites
- 25 observationsatellites
4
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4.0 t
3.0 t
2.0 t
1.0 t
0.5t
1990 2000 2010 Weight
ADEOS(1996 ADEOS-II(2002) MTSAT-22006)
ALOS-2(2013)
Under Development
JERS-1(1992) SOLAR-B(2006) GOSAT(2009)
SLATS(2013)
LEOLEO
GEOGEOHimawari-8 2014 Himawari-9 2016
JAXA
JAXAJAXA
JAXA JAXA
JAXA/METI
MELCO has experiences to develop & integrated various kinds of observation satellitessuch as large multi-mission platform(ADEOS1/2), high-resolution imaging satellite
(ALOS-2:Synthetic Aperture RadarALOS-3:Optical).
Multi mission Multi mission
L-band SAR Science Green House Gas
Meteorological
Meteorological
L-band SAR
Optical
Space Environment & Optical
JAXAALOS-3
(under planning)
2. MELCO Capability in Earth Observation FieldMELCO heritages in Earth Observation Satelli te
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3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area
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Wider swath
Higher spatial resolution
Higher S/N
Full polarimetry
Longer wave length
Higher time resolution
Quick and wide scan
Orbit repeatability
Followings are SAR application area for agriculture and requiredcharacteristics to extract information used for agriculture.
Required SAR characteristics
Cropping area of rice field
Growth of rice crop
Clustering of crops
Clustering of usage of farmland
Farming area
Growth of forest trees and biomass
Agricultural Applications
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3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area
Investigation of cropping area of rice field
Cropping area of rice field can be extracted by monitoring the changeof surface reflectivity
Requirements for SAR sensor- High resolution < 5m- Wide are coverage > 50km- Quick and wide scan
During rice planting season,
there is water in the rice field
During harvest season,
there is no water in the rice field
planting vegetative
Low reflectivity High reflectivity
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(Ishizuka, ALOS-2/3 workshop, 2010,
http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/conf/workshop/jprog_2_3ws_2010mar.htm)
waterwater
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Investigation of growth of rice crop
Growth process of rice crop can be extracted by analyzing MultipleScattering Mechanisms(Single Bounce, Double Bounce).
Requirements for SAR sensor- High resolution < 5m- Wide are coverage > 50km- Quick andwide scan
3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area
(1)Beforeplanting
Double bounceLowrandomness
Volume
Highrandomness
GrowthProcessforRiceCrop
Surface
Norandomness
(3)Harvestseason (2)Growingphase
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single bounce double bounce
no bounce
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3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area
Clustering of crops
Clustering of crops can be possible by evaluating difference of Polarimetric data.
Requirements for SAR sensor- Full polarimetry HH, HV, VV, VH
- polarization isolation > 30dB- High S/N(Signal to Noise ratio) < -25dB*
- Quick and wide scan
HorizontalVertical
Refection Transparent
HH
HV
VV
VH
Cone
Grass
Potato
Others
Radish
Beet
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(*Noise equivalent sigma-naught)
(Ishizuka, ALOS-2/3 workshop, 2010,http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/conf/workshop/jprog_2_3ws_2010mar.htm)
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3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area
Clustering of usage of farmland
Clustering of usage of farmland is possible by evaluating combination of Backscattering and Full Polarimetric data.
Requirements for SAR sensor- L-band- Wide area coverage > 50km- Quick and wide scan
L-band is highly permeable and
reflects from trunk and ground
Agriculture
Forest
Clearcut
Clearcut
Agriculture
Forest
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Arii, ALOS-2/3 workshop, 2010, http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/conf/workshop/alos2_ws2/2-5-7_arii.pdf
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3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area
Investigation of farming area
3 dimensional mapping data for base map of farming area can begenerated by using Interferometry Data.
Requirements for SAR sensor- High S/N(Signal to Noise ratio) < -25dB*
- Orbit repeatability < 500m
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(*Noise equivalent sigma-naught)
Okada et.al. Proceedings of IGARSS2009,
terraced farm area
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3. SAR Application for AgricultureSAR Application Area
Investigation of growth of forest trees, biomass
Height of trees and biomass can be extracted by analyzing PolarimetoricInterferometry SAR data.
Requirements for SAR sensor- L-band
- Polarization isolation> 30dB- Quick and wide scan
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TANDEM-L: A MISSION PROPOSAL FOR MONITORING DYNAMIC EARTH PROCESSESProceedings of IGARSS2011, Moreira et. al. 2011,
interferometry using
polarimetiric data such
as HH, VV.
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Flood Monitoring in Myanmar (Typhoon in 2008)
Flood area
(blue)
Flood Detection
3. SAR Application for AgricultureOther Application Field by ALOS PALSAR (L-band)
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Before After
http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/imgdata/practical/natural/flood.html
Detected flooded area
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3. SAR Application for AgricultureOther Application Field by ALOS PALSAR (L-band)
Forest Monitor ingSurface Movement by Earthquake
Surface Movement after the great east
Japan earthquake 2011
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http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/imgdata/practical/natural.htmlhttp://www.iges.or.jp/en/fc/pdf/20080324reed/10.Isoguchi.pdf
Oil spill by the accident of tanker in Korea 2011
Oil Spill Monitor ing
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ALOS-2(Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2) is a successorof earth observation satellite Daichi (ALOS).
ALOS-2 has L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system,based onActive Phased Array Antenna (APAA) technology.
4. SAR Sensor HardwareOverview of ALOS-2 SAR Sensor
L-band SAR Antenna Direct Transmission Antenna
Data Relay Satellite
Communication Antenna
JAXA
Development of Active Phased Array Antenna for ALOS-2, 2011 Thailand-Japan MicroWave(TJMW2011),2011, Takehito IGUCHI, Yuji OSAWA and et al.
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ALOS-2 has improved performance compared with PALSAR of ALOS.
4. SAR Sensor HardwareALOS-2 SAR Sensor Characteristics
Item Specification
Resolution
Basic Observation Mode 3m
Wide Area Observation Mode 100mHigh Resolution Mode 1-3m
SwathBasic Observation Mode 50kmWide Area Observation Mode 350kmHigh Resolution Mode 25km
Frequency L-band(1.2GHz)
Data Amount 240M-1Gbps(after compression)
observation duty average observation duty: >30%Pointing right-and-left looking
Polarization Single / Dual / Quad(Full) polarimetry
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4. SAR Sensor HardwareOverview of ALOS-2 SAR Sensor
Wider swath
Higher spatial resolution
Full polarimetry
Longer wave length
Higher polarization isolation Higher S/N ratio
Quick Scan
Orbit Repeatability
ALOS-2 has following capability that is enough for agricultural monitoring.Requirements ALOS-2 Performance
> 50km
< 5m
HH,VV, HV, VH
L-band
>30dB< -25dB
Phased Array
< 500m
> 50km Basic Obs. Mode
> 350/490km Wide Area Obs. Mode
> 25km High Res. Mode
< 3m Basic Obs. Mode
< 100m Wide Area Obs. Mode
< 1-3m High Res. Mode
HH,VV, HV, VH
L-band
>30dB< -25dB
Phased Array
< 500m
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4. SAR Sensor HardwareConfiguration of ALOS-2 SAR System
DP
SC
RX
EX
IF-UNIT
TX
SC
TX
RX
EX
FoldedFolded
configurationconfiguration
DeployedDeployed
configurationconfiguration
Electric Unit ELU)SAR Antenna SAR-ANT)
ALOS-2 capability is achieved by following SAR system. ELU controls all SAR signal generations and beam management.
Development of Active Phased Array Antenna for ALOS-2, 2011 Thailand-Japan MicroWave(TJMW2011),
2011, Takehito IGUCHI, Yuji OSAWA and et al.
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Item Performance
Antenna type Active Phased Array Antenna
Aperture size 2.9m(EL) x 9.9m(AZ)Beam steering angle AZ 3.5deg EL 30degPolarization TX H,V,45deg,Circular
RX H,V,HV dual
FoldedFolded
configurationconfiguration
DeployedDeployedconfigurationconfiguration
4. SAR Sensor HardwareALOS-2 SAR Antenna Performance
Development of Active Phased Array Antenna for ALOS-2, 2011 Thailand-Japan MicroWave(TJMW2011),
2011, Takehito IGUCHI, Yuji OSAWA and et al.
ELEL::30deg30deg
AZAZ ::3.5deg3.5deg
ALOS-2 SAR Antenna has following performance.
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4. SAR Sensor HardwareALOS-2 SAR Antenna Configuration
ALOS-2 SAR antenna is consists from Radiating Elements and
RF Modules .
As Radiating Elements , sub-array antenna is adopted.
For RF Modules , GaN device is partly used for the high power amplifier.
Sub-array antenna : AELTRadiatingElements
AELT
Development of Active Phased Array Antenna for ALOS-2, 2011 Thailand-Japan MicroWave(TJMW2011),
2011, Takehito IGUCHI, Yuji OSAWA and et al.
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MELCO has been involved in the government observation satelliteprograms for over 30 years as system prime contractor and has manyheritage of LEO observation platform and components.
MELCO is now developing ALOS-2 to be launched in 2013.
ALOS-2 has state-of-the-art L-band SAR sensor that has high resolution,polarimetry(HH/VV/HV/VH) and PAA capability. ALOS-2 can contribute to
various applications for agricultural monitoring.
MELCO would like to contribute to SAR applications for various fieldsand is ready to make detailed discussions for future cooperation andcontributions.
5. Conclusions
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