Combining multispectral and thermal infrared airborne remote sensing and airborne flux measurement for atmosphere-biosphere interaction studies WORKSHOP ON CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPINGFOR AGRICULTURE (14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy) B. Gioli, F. Miglietta (IBIMET CNR, Italy)

Summary:

SKYARROW ERA PLATFORMAirborne eddy covariance flux measurementsAirborne IR and multispectral remote sensingPRODUCTSSurface fluxes at the regional scaleVegetation indexes and surface temperature mapsAPPLICATIONSMultispectral remote sensing coupled with CO2 fluxesIR remote sensing coupled with sensible heat fluxesCONCLUSIONS

Sky Arrow ERAIR cameraMultispectral cameraLaser altimeter

The platform: NOAA Mobile Flux Platform (MFP)Measurement of 3D winds @ 50 HzCO2, H2O, T fast sensors

The platform: Airborne Digital Mapping System - DFRMultispectral Digital Camera Duncan MS 4100 3 band - 550 (Green), 680 (Red), 780 (NIR) nm Dicroic Prisma 3CCD 1920 x 1080

Flir IR SC500 Camera Spectral range 7500 13000 nm CCD 320 x 240 microbolometerRange fighter Riegl LD90 e LD90-3300HR Measure range (without reflector) 1000 m - 100 HzGPS attitude 4 antennas Measure of position and attitude Trigger to synchronize the acquisition of instrumentsIndustrial PC DFR is a digital multispectral remote sensing system (3 CIR and 1 thermal bands) for mapping, thermography, maps of temperature and water monitoring.

The products3D wind + scalar (T, H2O, CO2) fast measurements (50 Hz)(eddy covariance tecnique)Surface fluxes along flight track(u*, H, LE, fCO2)

The productsMultispectral images to derive vegetation indexes NDVI = (IR-Rd) / (IR+Rd)IR images to derive surface temperature maps

The projects: RECAB: (European Commission, V FP) 2001-2003 CARBIUS ((Italy and USA Gov.) 2003-2005 CarboEurope IP (European Commission, VI FP) 2004-2008

The goal: upscale directly measured airborne fluxes along a track to the regionx90

Airborne remote sensing (NDVI) Surface flux measurements Vertical PBL profilesApplications: NDVI Vs fCO2

Flight routeNDVI

C-flux (umol m-2 s-1)Applications: NDVI Vs fCO2NDVILON

Applications: NDVI Vs fCO2

Applications: Tsfc Vs H & LEUse Tsfc to estimate T0 in the flux footprint areaUse direct H measurements to parametrize raApply parametrization at regional scaleBulk formulation of sensible heat fluxrcp is the volumetric heat capacity T0 is the aerodynamic temperature at canopy source/sink heightTa is air temperaturera is the atmospheric resistance between canopy source/sink height and theambient environment above the canopy

Experimental strategy 1 aircraft measuring surface fluxes and Tsfc over a small footprint 2 aircraft measuring surface fluxes and Tsfc in the entire flux footprintTsfc from IR imagesH, LE direct measurementApplications: Tsfc Vs H & LE

Applications: Tsfc Vs H & LE Rice and lake areas, Spain Evergreen forest, The Netherlands

ConclusionsAcknowledgments: RECAB, 2001-2003(European Commission, V FP) CARBIUS (2003-2005)(Ministero Ambiente e Territorio) CarboEurope IP (2004-2008)(European Commission, VI FP) Airborne eddy covariance is a valuable tool for direct surface flux measurements at the regional scale Airborne remote sensing within the flux footprint area has been used to develop upscale schemes Potential for using satellite products to further bridge the gap between local airborne measurements and complete coverage