Post on 13-Jan-2016
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
PASTURE PASTURE ESTABLISHMENTESTABLISHMENT
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Preliminary InformationPreliminary Information
Soil typeSoil type Soil fertilitySoil fertility Previous vegetationPrevious vegetation Rainfall patternRainfall pattern Area to be plantedArea to be planted
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Land ClearingLand Clearing
From forestsFrom forests Revenue from loggingRevenue from logging Leave trees for shadeLeave trees for shade Normally carried out by contractorNormally carried out by contractor Leave steep slopes and ravines Leave steep slopes and ravines
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From abandoned landFrom abandoned land More easily clearedMore easily cleared Problem of weedsProblem of weeds Soil of lower fertilitySoil of lower fertility Needs higher rates of fertilizer and Needs higher rates of fertilizer and
limingliming
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LAND CLEARING
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BURNING – not recommended
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Soil preparationSoil preparation
Clay and loamy soilsClay and loamy soils Use disc plough to turn soil overUse disc plough to turn soil over Disc harrows to break up soil clodsDisc harrows to break up soil clods Final round with rotovator to make Final round with rotovator to make
soil fine for seed sowingsoil fine for seed sowing Soil need not be fine with vegetative Soil need not be fine with vegetative
propagationpropagation
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Sandy soilsSandy soils Can use chisel plough to break up Can use chisel plough to break up
soils and remove weedssoils and remove weeds
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DISC PLOUGH – to overturn soil and bury existing vegetation
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DISC PLOUGH – cutting and overturning soil
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Large clods of soil left during disc ploughing
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LimingLiming
Use lime if pH <4.5Use lime if pH <4.5 Apply about 2 tonnes/haApply about 2 tonnes/ha
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Liming after disc ploughing
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Liming manually
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HarrowsHarrows
Disc harrows used after ploughing Disc harrows used after ploughing and limingand liming
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DISC HARROWS
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Disc harrows breaking up clods into smaller particles
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RotovatorRotovator
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Basal fertilizersBasal fertilizers
Fertilisers applied during plantingFertilisers applied during planting Pure grass pastures:Pure grass pastures:
– 60 kg N, 40 kg P and 50 kg K/ha60 kg N, 40 kg P and 50 kg K/ha Legume grass:Legume grass:
– Apply only P and KApply only P and K
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Planting grass/legume seeds using seed drill
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Compartments on seed drill for seeds and fertilizers
seedsfertilizers
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Disc to cut soil
funnel
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Seed drillSeed drill
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Seed drill with operatorSeed drill with operator
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NO-TILL DRILL FOR SOIL CONSERVATION
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Seeding RatesSeeding Rates
Grasses 5- 10 kg/haGrasses 5- 10 kg/ha Legumes 2-6 kg/haLegumes 2-6 kg/ha Seed depth – small seeds 5-10 mmSeed depth – small seeds 5-10 mm Large seeds (legumes) – 15-20 mmLarge seeds (legumes) – 15-20 mm
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Grasses that can be planted with Grasses that can be planted with seedsseeds
Signal grass (Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbensBrachiaria decumbens)) Guinea grass (Guinea grass (Panicum maximumPanicum maximum)) Setaria sphacelataSetaria sphacelata var sericea var sericea
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Vegetative PlantingVegetative Planting
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Vegetative materialsVegetative materials
Divided root stocksDivided root stocks CuttingsCuttings Whole stemsWhole stems
e.g. MARDI Digit, Setaria splendida, e.g. MARDI Digit, Setaria splendida, NapierNapier
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VEGETATIVE PLANTING – Napier grass
Stems stripped off leaves
Planting material – mature stems
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Bare stems laid in furrow, base to tip
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Planting cuttings of napier - slanted
New tillers
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VEGETATIVE PLANTING Guinea grass
Planting material – rooted clumps
3 tillers per planting hole
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Guinea grass clumps in rows
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VEGETATIVE PLANTING - MARDI Digit
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VEGETATIVE PLANTING – stoloniferous grasses
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Good establishment – after 2 weeks
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Weed problems
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Good legume-grass pasture
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HAPPY STUDENTS AFTER SUCCESSFUL PLANTING!