Age of Discovery and TradeAge of Discovery and TradePart 1: Exploring the EastPart 1: Exploring the East

The PortugueseThe Portuguese

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain the 3 main motives for Explain the 3 main motives for exploration.exploration.

Trace the rise and fall of the Trace the rise and fall of the Portuguese trading empire.Portuguese trading empire.

Discuss the shift in power from the Discuss the shift in power from the Portuguese to the Dutch in Portuguese to the Dutch in controlling the spice tradecontrolling the spice trade

ExplorationExploration

CausesCauses– The Renaissance The Renaissance

and Reformationand Reformation– The Crusades The Crusades – opened tradeopened trade

Marco Polo Marco Polo – China 1200’sChina 1200’s

Why did they want to explore?Why did they want to explore?

1.1. Money (Gold)Money (Gold)

2.2. Religion (God)Religion (God)

3.3. Famous (Glory)Famous (Glory)

Technology made it happenTechnology made it happen

Compass Astrolabe

Carvel TriangularSail

Portugal: the first to explore Portugal: the first to explore

Prince Henry the Navigator:Prince Henry the Navigator:– CatholicCatholic– Wanted route to ChinaWanted route to China– Created a navigational schoolCreated a navigational school

Spain and Portugal 1400’sSpain and Portugal 1400’s

Prince HenryPrince Henry1394-14601394-1460

Portugal in the EastPortugal in the East

trading posts on Africa’s coaststrading posts on Africa’s coasts Bartholomew DiasBartholomew Dias: rounded the : rounded the

Cape of Good Hope, 1488Cape of Good Hope, 1488 Vasco de GamaVasco de Gama: all sea route : all sea route

directly to India.directly to India.

Bartholomew DiasBartholomew Dias

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama

Portugal’s Trading EmpirePortugal’s Trading Empire

Direct sea route to IndiaDirect sea route to India – Ousted the Muslim traders Ousted the Muslim traders – Made Asian goods cheaper Made Asian goods cheaper by cutting by cutting

out the middle man – Italians/Muslimsout the middle man – Italians/Muslims

Portuguese EmpirePortuguese Empire

Nature of Trade

India

•Textiles •Spices (Black pepper) •Tea ( introduced from China by Europeans )

•Opium ( for export to China )

•Entrepot for goods from other countries

China•Silk •Porcelain (china) •Tea

Moluccan Islands Spices: Nutmeg, Cloves and Mace

Java Coffee, Tea

CeylonCinnamon & Pearls Elephants for India then Tea

SpainSpain

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan: looking for a : looking for a route to Asia in the west, ended up in route to Asia in the west, ended up in the Philippines the Philippines

circumnavigated the world, 1521circumnavigated the world, 1521

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

Magellan strait

The Rest of EuropeThe Rest of Europe

The Dutch (the Netherlands) and the The Dutch (the Netherlands) and the English: worked together to oust the English: worked together to oust the Portuguese from AsiaPortuguese from AsiaThe Dutch dominated controlled Indonesia The Dutch dominated controlled Indonesia

and Southeast Asia; the English and Southeast Asia; the English controlled India.controlled India.

Beginnings of the British EmpireBeginnings of the British Empire

Pax Britannica 1815-1914

France entered and was not as France entered and was not as successfulsuccessful

East India Trading CompaniesEast India Trading Companies– These companies could make These companies could make

treaties, raise armiestreaties, raise armies In the East they looked for In the East they looked for

treasures and wealth; the West will treasures and wealth; the West will be differentbe different

Explorer Country location dates motives extras

Magellan Who they sailed for

Where they went

When they went

Why they went

What they found ect…

Dais

Da Gama

Prince Henry

Assignment #1Assignment #1

Why were Europeans in the East?

Causes1. Supporting detail

Cause1. Supporting detail

Cause1. Supporting detail

Part 2 Part 2

The SpanishThe Spanish

objectivesobjectives

Explain why the Spanish set out west Explain why the Spanish set out west to find the eastto find the east

Describe the effects of Spanish Describe the effects of Spanish settlement on the Native Americanssettlement on the Native Americans

SpainSpain

Before Spanish enslavement Spanish enslavement

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Sponsored by Spain to find an all sea Sponsored by Spain to find an all sea route to Asia going westroute to Asia going west

Spain’s rival was PortugalSpain’s rival was Portugal In 1492 Columbus discovered what he In 1492 Columbus discovered what he

thought was the East Indies thought was the East Indies (Indonesia) hence the name “Indians”(Indonesia) hence the name “Indians”

RealityReality

it was the Caribbeanit was the Caribbean All islands All islands

“discovered” were “discovered” were claimed for Spainclaimed for Spain

his goal was to settle his goal was to settle these lands these lands ((colonizationcolonization))

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci worked for Amerigo Vespucci worked for PortugalPortugal– after his voyage he said this land was a after his voyage he said this land was a

“new world”, not Asia“new world”, not Asia In 1507, the whole new area was In 1507, the whole new area was

named after him: Americanamed after him: America

Spain Builds An EmpireSpain Builds An Empire

The Spanish were the first settlers in The Spanish were the first settlers in the new world - St Augstine, FLthe new world - St Augstine, FL– Spain builds colonies in North, Central Spain builds colonies in North, Central

and South Americaand South America Spanish explorers were called Spanish explorers were called

conquistadorsconquistadors (conquerors) (conquerors)

Cortes and AztecsCortes and Aztecs

Hernando CortesHernando Cortes: landed in Mexico : landed in Mexico looking for goldlooking for gold

Montezuma II, thought Cortes was a Montezuma II, thought Cortes was a godgod– Cortes took their gold and forced them Cortes took their gold and forced them

to mine for moreto mine for more

Aztecs honoring CortezAztecs honoring Cortez

1520, Aztecs rebelled1520, Aztecs rebelled 1521, Cortes had conquered the 1521, Cortes had conquered the

Aztecs. Aztecs. How?How?

1. Many Aztecs joined Cortes1. Many Aztecs joined Cortes2. Better weapons2. Better weapons3. Disease: this was the #1 killer of all 3. Disease: this was the #1 killer of all

native peoples in the America’snative peoples in the America’s

Spanish conquer the AztecsSpanish conquer the Aztecs

How did Spain colonize?How did Spain colonize?

Married native women and produced a Married native women and produced a mestizo mestizo population (Native and Euro mix)population (Native and Euro mix)

Spain gave land to settlers and used Spain gave land to settlers and used Natives to work itNatives to work it– Called the Called the encomendia systemencomendia system

Catholic priests followed and spread Catholic priests followed and spread CatholicismCatholicism

Based on what I have told you… Based on what I have told you…

List 3 reasons the Aztecs were List 3 reasons the Aztecs were defeated by Cortezdefeated by Cortez

List 3 reasons Spanish Came to the List 3 reasons Spanish Came to the “new world”“new world”

Define these termsDefine these terms– Mestizo Encomendis Mestizo Encomendis

ConquistadorsConquistadors–

CortesCortes

Aztecs human sacrificeAztecs human sacrifice

Cortes and MontezumaCortes and Montezuma

Other Conquerors Other Conquerors

Francisco Pizarro Spanish Francisco Pizarro Spanish conquistadorconquistador– conquered the Incan Empire in 1532conquered the Incan Empire in 1532

Pedro Alvares Cabral Pedro Alvares Cabral – Claimed Brazil for Portuguese Claimed Brazil for Portuguese

PizarroPizarro

Incan EmpireIncan Empire

Incas and SpaniardsIncas and Spaniards

Incas and PizarroIncas and Pizarro

Look closelyLook closely

Converting and branding Converting and branding nativesnatives

IncasIncas

Incan remainsIncan remains

Spain moves on for more gold, Spain moves on for more gold, God, and gloryGod, and glory

Spain pushed north Spain pushed north Coronado Coronado

– led men into southwest region of the led men into southwest region of the U.S.U.S.

Ponce de Leon Ponce de Leon – explored Floridaexplored Florida

The NativesThe Natives

Encomienda systemEncomienda system– Abolished 1542Abolished 1542

20 million natives died from disease 20 million natives died from disease – No one to work landsNo one to work lands

SmallpoxSmallpox

Slave TradeSlave Trade

objectivesobjectives

Summarize the evolution of the slave Summarize the evolution of the slave trade trade

Describe the triangular tradeDescribe the triangular trade Describe slave lifeDescribe slave life Identify the consequences of the Identify the consequences of the

slave tradeslave trade

SlaverySlavery

Slavery is as old as society it’s selfSlavery is as old as society it’s self slaves were mostly POW’s slaves were mostly POW’s Based on nationality or religionBased on nationality or religion; ; not not

racerace slaves had rightsslaves had rights children were not born into slaverychildren were not born into slavery

Slave transportSlave transport

Need for slavesNeed for slaves

Increased demands for goods in Increased demands for goods in EuropeEurope

Cash crops like sugar and tobacco Cash crops like sugar and tobacco were labor intensive were labor intensive

Cash crops made many richCash crops made many rich

Why the shift from Indian to Why the shift from Indian to African?African?

Natives knew the land and could run Natives knew the land and could run awayaway

Natives died from diseasesNatives died from diseases

Benefits of African SlavesBenefits of African Slaves

already knew how to farm cash cropsalready knew how to farm cash crops immune to diseasesimmune to diseases did not run awaydid not run away

Slavery how it startedSlavery how it started

Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal Grew crops like sugar cane and Grew crops like sugar cane and

tobaccotobacco first plantations set up by the first plantations set up by the

PortuguesePortuguese

The middle passageThe middle passage

The voyage from Africa to the The voyage from Africa to the America’sAmerica’s

20% never made it20% never made it

Packing of the shipsPacking of the ships

Slave shipSlave ship

The AuctionsThe Auctions

If they made it they were sold at If they made it they were sold at auctionsauctions

Families separated and sold to the Families separated and sold to the highest bidderhighest bidder

Slave AuctionSlave Auction

Coping with slave lifeCoping with slave life

Slaves looked to religionSlaves looked to religion Kept heritage alive-music-stories and Kept heritage alive-music-stories and

traditionstraditions

Life as a slaveLife as a slave

Worked in minesWorked in mines In fieldsIn fields As servantsAs servants Little food, clothing or shelterLittle food, clothing or shelter No legal protections, they are private No legal protections, they are private

propertyproperty Whipped or beatenWhipped or beaten

Some did resistSome did resist

Open rebellion-killing owners Open rebellion-killing owners Silent rebellion-breaking tools-slow Silent rebellion-breaking tools-slow

work-fireswork-fires

Consequences of slaveryConsequences of slavery Africa was robbed of its young and Africa was robbed of its young and

strong people-strong people- guns promoted war guns promoted war Families were torn apartFamilies were torn apart People in Europe and America go People in Europe and America go

richrich African farming techniques improved African farming techniques improved

crop productioncrop production Blending of culturesBlending of cultures

Age of Discovery and Age of Discovery and TradeTrade

Part 3: North AmericaPart 3: North America

ObjectivesObjectives

Compare the settlements of the Compare the settlements of the English, Spanish and FrenchEnglish, Spanish and French

Explain the origins of the French and Explain the origins of the French and Indian WarIndian War

Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal

By 1600 Spain and Portugal were By 1600 Spain and Portugal were about to fight over land claims in the about to fight over land claims in the new worldnew world

the Treaty of Tordesillas was created the Treaty of Tordesillas was created in 1494 to prevent warin 1494 to prevent war– an imaginary line north-south and split an imaginary line north-south and split

South America in halfSouth America in half

FranceFrance found riches in the fur found riches in the fur

tradetrade Set up trading posts Did Set up trading posts Did

not colonizenot colonize

The English and Joint Stock The English and Joint Stock CompaniesCompanies

Jamestown – gold – no foodJamestown – gold – no food John SmithJohn Smith John RolfJohn Rolf PocahontasPocahontas

Brown GoldBrown Gold

Tobacco saves the Tobacco saves the towntown

EnglandEngland

Pilgrims: left England because of Pilgrims: left England because of religious persecutionreligious persecution

founded Plymouth colonyfounded Plymouth colony

Puritans wanted purify the Anglican Puritans wanted purify the Anglican church-No catholic practiceschurch-No catholic practices

Founded Massachusetts Bay ColonyFounded Massachusetts Bay Colony Settled in America and founded Model Settled in America and founded Model

societies with familiessocieties with families

The DutchThe Dutch

Came for the money - furCame for the money - fur Founded New Netherland Founded New Netherland Tolerant Tolerant People to come and live there; People to come and live there;

regardless of religionregardless of religion

The 3 countries fightThe 3 countries fight

English fight the DutchEnglish fight the Dutch French were to the West - they fight French were to the West - they fight

each other using the natives as allieseach other using the natives as allies This is the This is the French and Indian War French and Indian War

The NativesThe Natives

French and Dutch traded with nativesFrench and Dutch traded with natives Natives were a $ sourceNatives were a $ source English did not get along with the English did not get along with the

natives; pushed them off of their landnatives; pushed them off of their land The English were colonizingThe English were colonizing Disease drastically decreased Native Disease drastically decreased Native

numbersnumbers

Copy this chartCopy this chartCountryCountry SpainSpain FranceFrance EnglandEngland

Source of Source of WealthWealth

GoldGold FurFur TobaccoTobacco

Treatment Treatment of Nativesof Natives

Mixed Mixed freelyfreely

Traded and Traded and mixedmixed

IsolatedIsolated

Prime Prime locationlocation

Central & Central & South South AmericaAmerica

W & W & Central N. Central N. AmericaAmerica

East N. East N. AmericaAmerica

Religious Religious tolerancetolerance

Must be Must be CatholicCatholic

Catholic/Catholic/ProtestantProtestant

ProtestantProtestant

VocabularyVocabulary

French and Indian warFrench and Indian war JamestownJamestown New NetherlandsNew Netherlands PuritansPuritans Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas

Age of Discovery and Age of Discovery and TradeTrade

Part 4: The Old World and Part 4: The Old World and New World CollideNew World Collide

To understand the Columbian To understand the Columbian Exchange and how it has affected Exchange and how it has affected the world today.the world today.

To understand the business practices To understand the business practices of the age of trade.of the age of trade.

To connect the destruction of To connect the destruction of cultures with colonization and the cultures with colonization and the Columbian Exchange. Columbian Exchange.

The mixing of the old and newThe mixing of the old and new

new goods came to and from the new new goods came to and from the new worldworld

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange: is a The Columbian Exchange: is a transfer of foods, livestock, disease transfer of foods, livestock, disease and slaves from Europe to the and slaves from Europe to the Americas Americas

This is the beginning today’s global This is the beginning today’s global marketmarket

Capitalism and CommercialismCapitalism and Commercialism

CapitalismCapitalism: economic system based : economic system based on competition, investment and on competition, investment and private ownershipprivate ownership

We shift from mercantilism to We shift from mercantilism to capitalismcapitalism

This change is known as the This change is known as the Commercial Revolution Commercial Revolution (wealth + (wealth + growth in trade)growth in trade)

Other changes Other changes

mercantilismmercantilism Lots of $ coming into EuropeLots of $ coming into Europe Not enough goods to buy = inflation, Not enough goods to buy = inflation,

prices of the goods go upprices of the goods go up Law of supply and demandLaw of supply and demand Joint-stock companiesJoint-stock companies::

consequencesconsequences

This era of exploration, colonization This era of exploration, colonization and trade, created the economy of and trade, created the economy of todaytoday

All foods are available globallyAll foods are available globally All cultures have been in contactAll cultures have been in contact Millions of people have perished, or Millions of people have perished, or

left their home countryleft their home country Cultures and population have been Cultures and population have been

built and destroyedbuilt and destroyed

Terms: Part 3 and Part 3Terms: Part 3 and Part 3

1. Columbian Exchange1. Columbian Exchange 2. Capitalism2. Capitalism 3. Commercial Revolution3. Commercial Revolution 4. joint-stock company4. joint-stock company

1. Treaty of Tordesillas1. Treaty of Tordesillas 2. Jamestown2. Jamestown 3. Puritans3. Puritans 4. French & Indian War4. French & Indian War