Post on 19-Aug-2020
Advances in Contraception
Dr Sarah Pillai Associate Specialist
Contraception and Sexual Health Service, Barnet
COC and endometrial Ca/COC and early pregnancy
• Endometrial cancer • Meta-analysis shows long term protection continuing
for up to 30 years after taking. In high-income countries, 10 years use of oral contraceptives was estimated to reduce the absolute risk of endometrial cancer arising before age 75 years from 2·3 to 1·3 per 100 women. Endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives: an individual participant meta-analysis of 27 276 women
with endometrial cancer from 36 epidemiological studies • Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies on Endometrial Cancer†
• Early pregnancy • Recent study in Denmark showed no increase in birth
defects in women taking COCP just before or in early pregnancy
• BMJ 2016;352:h6712
COCP-pill taking regimens
• 7 day pill free interval- evidence of ovulation • All new COCPs 4 day interval or less (Qlaira®,
Zoely®, Eloine®) • Tailored pill taking regimen
• In women familiar with standard use of the COC, switching to tailored COC use or continuing with standard use were both associated with high COC continuation rates and high satisfaction with contraceptive regimen and bleeding pattern. While significant differences tended to favor the standard group, tailored COC use was associated with significantly less bleeding, suited some women very well and can provide a suitable alternative to standard use.
• Randomized trial of the effect of tailored versus standard use of the combined oral contraceptive pill on continuation rates at 1 year. Stephenson J1, Shawe J, Panicker S, Brima N, Copas A, Sauer U, Wilkinson C, Akintomide H, O'Brien P. Contraception. 2013 Oct;88(4):523-31. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.03.014. Epub 2013 Apr 11
Contraindications to COCP
• Cardiac conditions
Other COC issues
• Antiepileptics
• Eloine® (Yaz-20mcg ethinylestradiol, 3mg drosperinone)
• Generics
EURAS-IUD Contraceptive efficacy
• Study of 61,448 women with a newly inserted IUD enrolled in six European countries between 2006 and 2012, over 58,000 studied for 1 year
• Results were contraceptive efficiency and associated complications
• Low incidence of pregnancy, with IUS significantly lower than copper IUD
• Overall Pearl indices of 0.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.09] and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42–0.64) for LNG IUS and copper IUDs, respectively
Perforation Table: Incidence of perforation per 1,000 insertions for the entire study cohort (IUS and IUD), stratified by lactation and time since delivery at insertion
The benefits of intrauterine contraception still strongly outweigh the rare risk of perforation for most women, including those who are lactating or have recently
given birth. (MHRA June 2015)
Lactating at time of insertion
Not lactating at time of insertion
Insertion ≤36 weeks after delivery
5.6 (95% CI 3.9-7.9; n=6047
1.7 (95% CI 0.8-3.1; n=5927 insertions)
Insertion >36 weeks after delivery
1.6 (95% CI 0.0-9.1; n=608 insertions)
0.7 (95% CI 0.5-1.1; n=41,910 insertions)
Perforation
Ectopic pregnancies
• Ectopic
• 21/118 pregnancies
• 14/92 IUD, 7/26 IUS pregnancies
• adjusted hazard ratio for ectopic pregnancy of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.10–0.66)
• Risk of ectopic pregnancy in general population higher overall
Jaydess®
• Jaydess® LNG-IUS 13.5mg levonorgestrel, Mirena® LNG-IUS 52mg levonorgestrel
• Smaller diameter, lasts 3 years (Mirena® 5 years)
• Only indication is contraception (Mirena® menorrhagia, endometrial protection)
• At three years serum levels 59pmol/l vs 134pmol/l
• Similar efficacy levels
• Lower rate of amenorrhoea with Jaydess®
Levosert®
• ‘generic Mirena®’?
• Same size, different fitting mechanism
• Licence currently 3 years
• No benefits over Mirena®
• Similar side effect profile
• Cost £66 vs £88 for Mirena®
Case study 1
• Maryam aged 35 years
• Postnatal 4 weeks, fully breastfeeding
• Requests intrauterine contraception
• She would like a ‘non-hormonal’ method but had heavy menses and anaemia in the past
• What are the issues to discuss with her? Would you delay? If so till when?
• Which device?
Vaginal bleeding on LARC, how to manage
Case study 2
• Sofia aged 31 years
• IUS since June 2014, regular two day menses
• Since Oct 2015 has been getting constant nuisance bleeding, sometimes heavy, sometimes light
• No pain
• Regular partner 12 years
• What will you suggest?
Case study 3
• Mary aged 22 years
• Implant for last three months, fitted at TOP (was taking COCP but forgot some pills)
• Demands removal, bleeding every day since fitting
• She will go back on the COCP
• What will you advise?
Depo-Provera® rules-13 weeks
Sayana Press®
Emergency contraception
• Levonogestrel 1.5mg
• Ulipristal acetate 30mg (EllaOne®)
• Copper intrauterine device
EC rules
• Levonelle up to 72 hours licensed, equally effective until 84 hours, no drop off with time
• Very few contraindications (safer than Smarties)
• Need double dose with potent enzyme inducers
• EllaOne up to 120 hours, no drop off with time
• Interactions-contraindications
• IUD-up to 120 hours after UPSI OR up to 120 hours after ovulation
EllaOne® (ulipristal acetate)
• Progestogen receptor modulator • Interaction with hormonal contraception • DO NOT USE other contraception for five days
after use, then restart and use normal interval before becomes effective
• Contraindicated in breastfeeding (express for 7 days)
• Interaction with potent enzyme inducers, not recommended
• Cannot use more than once per cycle
Case study 4
• Brooke aged 16 years, nulliparous, new partner for past 3/12
Day 14 of a 28 day cycle
UPSI every day since LMP
What would you offer?
Case study 5
• Jemma aged 37 years
• Erratic menses, cycle normally 24-35 days
• Day 17 today
• UPSI 119 hours ago, casual male partner
• No other sex this month, desperate not to get pregnant, has a husband
• What advice would you give her?
New technology for women
New technology for men
Summary
• EllaOne is effective but has significant disadvantages
• Tailored pill taking, new pills with shorter pill free intervals
• New rules for Depo-Provera, 13 weeks • Self admininstered MPA • New IUS family, be aware of differences • Investigate and treat problematic bleeding with
LARC • Look out for new UK MeC
Any questions?