Preventing Pregnancy and STD’s

Contraception

Contraception – ways to prevent pregnancy 90% of sexually active couples that don’t use

contraception conceive a child within 1 year Among sexually active teens, fewer than ½

report using contraception Contraception is for men and women Close to 1 million to teens get pregnant each

year, but 3 times that number get STD’s

Advantages of sexual abstinence

No risk of pregnancy No risk of deadly STD transmission Security that you are not being pursued for sexual reasons An honest chance to develop more depth in relationships Less worries about emotional betrayal More self-respect and more respect for each other Peace of mind and joy in the knowledge that you are true

to your beliefs and values

Why teenagers choose to abstain

Want to wait for a committed relationship 87% Worry about STD’s 85% Worry about pregnancy 84% Want to wait until older 84% Worry about HIV/AIDS 83% Waiting to meet the right person 80% Just not ready for sex 79% Want to wait until marriage 71% Against religious beliefs 40% Lack of opportunity 38%

Where to get help

Parents Teachers Doctors Relatives Go to see someone that is a reliable source of

information, not just anyone off the street

Standard Contraceptive Methods

ABSTINENCE IS THE ONLY 100% EFFECTIVE MEASURE TO KEEP YOURSELF FREE FROM STD’S

Standard Contraceptive Methods

Oral Contraception– Combination pills – uses synthetic versions of

the female reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent pregnancy

– Progestin-only pill- contains only progestin– Use them properly under a doctor’s

prescription

The Pill

Contraception Methods

Hormone Implants and Injections

– Norplant – six thin capsules that release progestin for up to 5 years

– Depo-Provera – a shot of progestin that last 3 months

Intrauterine Device – Also called an IUD. Small plastic or plastic and metal object that a doctor puts into a woman’s uterus.

The IUD makes the uterus hostile to sperm and prevents implantation of the egg

These methods DON’T prevent STD’s, just pregnancy!!!

IUD

Barrier Methods

Vaginal Spermicide – sperm-killing or sperm-immobilizing products that can be inserted into the vagina just before intercourse

They are available over the counter (OTC) They are placed between sperm and ovum at

the opening of the uterus Spermicides can kill some bacteria that cause

STD’s, but not ALL of them

Vaginal Spermacide

Barrier Methods

Diaphragm – a circular metal spring or ring fitted with a shallow cup of thin rubber that the user fills with spermicidal cream or jelly

It is then folded into the vagina before sexual intercourse and is taken out about 6-8 hours after sexual intercourse

Diaphragms must be custom fitted for each woman The diaphragm also puts up a barrier to some STD bacteria that may otherwise invade the uterus, but not viruses

Diaphragm

Barrier Methods

Cervical Cap – flexible, cuplike device about an inch and a half in diameter that covers the woman’s cervix

Like the diaphragm, it must be fitted for each woman

The cap is used with spermicide as well It is left in place both before and after sex

Cervical Cap

Barrier Methods

Male Condom – is the only available method of birth control for men besides sterilization

It is a thin sheath of latex It is rolled onto an erect penis before sex takes place Semen collects in the tip of the condom and is

discarded with it. A condom is the only method of contraception that is

available to used to help prevent STD’s. Even if you use a condom, you are still at risk of

contracting and STD!!

Male Condom

Female Condom

Methods NOT Recommended for Contraception

Douches – used to clean the woman’s vaginal canal

They do NOT kill sperm or prevent pregnancy

They cannot prevent or cure STD’s

Withdrawal – also known as “pulling out”

A man pulls out his penis out of the woman’s vagina just before he ejaculates

NOT SAFE!! Large likelihood of

becoming pregnant Does not prevent STD’s

Sterilization

Vasectomy A surgeon makes 1 or 2 tiny cuts in the

scrotum Then he severs and seals the tubes (vas

deferens) through which the sperm travel to become part of the semen

Man continues to produce sperm, but they are reduced in number and are absorbed by the body rather than being release in to the semen

Vasectomy

Tubal Ligation

A surgeon cuts and seals off the fallopian tubes, which conduct ova from the ovaries to the uterus

Sperm traveling up the tubes arrive at a dead end and cannot fertilize the ovum a woman may have produced

A bit more involved than a vasectomy

Tubal Ligation

Contraception Failure

If your contraception fails, you will be faced with a choice– Have the baby– Give the baby up for adoption– Abort the baby– All decisions are life-long and will be

remembered forever!!

Abortion

Abortion methods vary and depend upon how long along the woman is in her pregnancy– Vacuum aspiration – suction is applied to empty the

uterus of the early tissues of pregnancy, including the embryo and the tissues that would form a placenta

– RU 486 – this drug interferes with the action of progesterone and brings on menstruation and loss of the pregnancy

Abortion

Between 13-16 weeks of pregnancy, more direct methods must be used to scrape or vacuum the uterus

Some hormones can be given to a woman and she goes into labor and abortion results

There is always some risk to the woman when she goes through an abortion

What is an STD?

Sexually Transmitted Disease A person can contract an STD from having sexual

intercourse with someone that is infected with an STD. Once in the body STDs cause symptoms from rashes

and bumps to blindness and death. Some STDs are caused by bacteria and are curable

with antibiotic drugs. Others are caused by viruses and cannot be treated with drugs and are incurable

STD’s

There are many types of STD’s. The most common ones are:– Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis (most commonly reported in the

state)– Syphilis - Treponema Pallidum – Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhea (second most commonly reported

in the state)– Herpes – 2 types – Herpes Simplex 1 and Herpes Simplex 2. 1 is

oral and 2 is genital– PID – Pelvis Inflammatory Disease

STD’s

http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/STD/INDEX.HTM

Statistical TrendsMale vs Female – Which is higher? Why?