Post on 09-Jul-2020
Achieving good water
quality status in intensive
animal production areas
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Progetto LIFE+ AQUA
INCONTRO DI
MONITORAGGIO
venerdì 18 febbraio 2011
Reggio Emilia
Lorenzo Furlan, Maurizio Arduin, Veneto Agricoltura, Italy
(lorenzo.furlan@venetoagricoltura.org)
Bruna Gumiero, Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental
Science (BiGeA)
(bruna.gumiero@unibo.it)
Maurizio Borin, Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources
Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova – Italy
(maurizio.borin@unipd.it)
ACTION 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL
MEASURES TO INTERCEPT
NUTRIENT POLLUTANTS FROM
FERTILISED FIELDS
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Key position in the process of water
quality improvement
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SITES
Milano mercoledì 21 marzo 2012 Maurizio Arduin – Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
LEGNARO
Phyto -depuration
MOGLIANO
Buffer strips
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Phyto-depuration site
Treatment of polluted water
by means of natural systems
based on presence of plants
wetland superficial flow: basin where
water has to flow very slowly so that the
interactions between water and plant-
soil system (that improve water quality)
is very high
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PHYTO-DEPURATION SITE • 12 plots of 3000 m2 with diferent soil
drainage system (subterranean
pipeline drainage , soil layout with
ditches) and management of water
table
• In the plot the rotation chosen is
implemented and slurry is distributed
at the dosage of 250 kg/ha of N per
year
• Drainage water flows to a common
wetland
• SAMPLES AND ANALYSES OF WATER
• At entrance and exit of the wetland
• At exit of the single plots in the period after
manure incorporation
• SAMPLES OF CROPS AND WETLAND
PLANTS
• SOIL SAMPLES in the beginning and in the end
of the experimentation in the wetland
Wetland
Meteorological
station
T – DC = controlled subsurface pipes
S - DC = ditches with drainage control
T = sub-surface pipes
S = ditches
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CONTROLLED SUBSURFACE PIPES
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PHYTO-DEPURATION
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Volumi drenaggio
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
08/1
1/2
010
28/1
1/2
010
18/1
2/2
010
07/0
1/2
011
27/0
1/2
011
16/0
2/2
011
08/0
3/2
011
28/0
3/2
011
17/0
4/2
011
07/0
5/2
011
27/0
5/2
011
16/0
6/2
011
06/0
7/2
011
26/0
7/2
011
15/0
8/2
011
04/0
9/2
011
24/0
9/2
011
14/1
0/2
011
Data
mm
Pioggia (mm)
S-DC
T-DC
T
S
Results 2011: controlled drainage (1)
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N tot
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
T S S-DC T-DC
Tesi
mg
L-1
Min Outlier Max Outlier
N tot
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
ott-1
0
nov-1
0
dic
-10
gen-1
1
feb-1
1
mar-1
1
Data
Kg
ha-1
S-DC T-DC T S
N APPLIED
250 kg ha-1 FROM SLURRY before ploughing + 25 kg ha-1 e
106 ha-1 in the growing season
Results 2011: controlled drainage (2)
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Treatementes dm (t/ha)
%N N
(kg/ha)
T 15,2 + -1,7 0,77 116
T-DC 14,8 + -2,6 0,90 132
S 15,7 + -1,5 0,93 147
S-DC 16,4 + -1,8 0,84 138
CONVENTIONAL DRAINAGE 15,5 ±1,5 0,85 132
CONTROLLED DRAINAGE 15,6 + -2,2 0,87 135
T 15,0 + -2,0 0,83 124
S 16,1 + -1,5 0,88 143
Results 2011: controlled drainage (3)
CORN SILAGE YIELD
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N tot
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
mg
L-1
Min Outlier Max Outlier
In Out
Results 2011: phyto-depuration
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Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
PHYTO-DEPURATION
PROTOCOL 2012
EVALUATION OF NITRATE DIRECTIVE DEROGATION
N INPUT
250 kg/ha of N applied as:
-Only animal slurry input
- only chemical input
- a mix organic 50% (pre-sowing) + chemical 50%rganic side
dressing
-ASSESSMENTS
-Crop yield and nitroogen uptake
-Nitrogen leaching
-Wetland performance
-
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BUFFER STRIPS
DIANA FARM:
• WP2+WP3 BUFFER STRIPS THAT UPTAKE NITROGEN AND OTHER NUTRIENTS ALONG WITH PESTICIDES BEFORE THEY REACH WATER BASIND OR TABLES
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Pilot farm Diana
Mogliano Veneto (Treviso)
WP 2 and 3
Field 1 current
Field 2 innovative
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Pilot farm Diana
Mogliano Veneto (Treviso)
Field 1 current Field 2
Innovative
Forest buffer strip: 40 m 10 plant rows 10 file
Arable soil
pathway
Parking site
Buffer strip (herbaceous and forest species)
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Pilot farm Diana
Mogliano Veneto (Treviso)
Field 1 current
Field 2
Innovative
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2010 2011
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2010 2011
170 N (liquid manure) 92 N (chemical nitrogen)
maize maize
170 N (liquid manure) 80 N (liquid manure during
growing season)
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Pilot farm Diana
Mogliano Veneto (Treviso)
Field1 current Campo 2
Innovative
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2011 2012
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2011 2012
170 N (liquid manure-
“ancoroni”)
92 N (chemical)
maize maize
50 N (liquid
manure”acquafert”)
80 N (liquame-copertura)
Rye grass
70 N (liquid manure-
”barra”) 30 N (liquid manure-”barra”)
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Pilot farm Diana
Mogliano Veneto (Treviso)
Field1 current Field 2
Innovative
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2012 2013
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2012 2013
170 N (liquid manure-
“ancoroni”)
92 N (chemical)
maize maize
50 N (liquid
manure”acquafert”)
80 N (liquame-copertura)
Rye grass
70 N (liquid manure-
”barra”) 30 N (liquid manure-”barra”)
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THE
EXPERIMENTAL
SITE IN DIANA
Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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NO
NO
NO
YES
Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
INTERCEPT WATER FLOW
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
1) Defining a conceptual model about the site hydrology
a) Soil profile and analysis
(texture)
0-80 cm:
Preferential flow ways
90 cm:
impermeable layer
Horizon Depth
Particle size TOC CaCO3 ks Bulk density
Sand Silt Clay
cm % % % m/d g/cm3
Ap1 0-50 13.0 58.5 28.5 1.0 10 3.4e-2 1.63
Ap2 50-80 11.3 53.5 35.2 0.6 3 5.9e-2 1.57
Bw 80-100 13.1 66.9 20.0 0.4 26 1.1e-1 1.57
Bk 100-120 8.3 66.7 25.0 0.4 41 8.2e-2 1.67
Ckg 120-140 4.2 69.1 26.7 0.3 45 8.3e-2 1.67
Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
1) Defining a conceptual model about the site hydrology
b) Slug test, measure of piezometric head and water level in the ditches F
low
dire
ctio
n
Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
1) Defining a conceptual model about the site hydrology
c) Use of tracers (Chloride,
Rodhammine…)
Done in an adjacent site
d) Tomography
Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
2) The conceptual model about the site hydrology in LIFE+ AQUA sites
RAINFALL
RUNOFF RUNOFF
SUBSURFACE FLOW SUBSURFACE FLOW
80-90 cm
CONFINED WATER-TABLE -160 cm
Monitored riparian buffer
ET
DISCONTINUOUS
WATER TABLE (only
during rainfall or wet
seasons)
Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
2) The conceptual model about the site hydrology in LIFE+ AQUA sites
Milano martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
WATER TABLE LEVEL
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
3) How to monitor hydrological parameters
Fs = R-ET - ∆VWC - S
Fs = subsurface flow volumes
R= RAINFALL
ET=evapotranspiration
∆VWC = difference in soil water content
S= surface runoff
WEATHER STATION
and LAI FDR
MEASURE OF VOLUMES
BY SPECIFIC INSTRUMENT
In addition:
WATER TABLE LEVEL
Milano martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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Milano martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
FIRST RESULTS
in soil water content
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
3) How to monitor chemical parameters
AFTER EACH RAINFALL EVENT:
water sampling from piezometers,
lysimeters, ditch and runoff ANALYSIS:
N-NO3
N-NH4
Norg
N tot
Cond
DO
Cl-
MASS
BALANCE:
V x [C] IN
V x [C] OUT
Milano martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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EXPERIMENTAL SCHEME
3) How to monitor chemical parameters
OUT IN
Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
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Milano Martedì 20 novembre2012 Bruna Gumiero & Bruno Boz - Veneto Agricoltura Legnaro (Padova)
FIRST RESULTS
Nitrate content