Post on 22-Feb-2018
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A CRITICAL EDITION OF MiM AL-14ASA,Lt BY AL-
d.
538 H-/1144)
IV
AEWL
RALIK
BIN
MUHAMD
Thesis
presented
to
the University
of
Sto
Indrews
for the degree
of
Doctor
of
n2llosoplW
ST.
AMMM
JANUARTs
1977-
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-1-
DECLARATION
I hereby
declare
that
the
following
is
a
-record
of
research
work carried
out
by
me;
that the
thesis is
my
own
composition
and
that
it
has
not
previously
been
presented
for
any
other
degree.
St. Andrews
16th.
December
1976.
A.
H.
B. Muhammad.
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j
-
II
-
CERT IFICAT
ION
I
CERTIPY-MT
Abdul Halim
bin Mmmad
has
completed
nine
term
of
i-esserch
work
in the
United
College
of
St., Salvatox
and
St*
Imonardg
University
of
St.
Andrevaq
that
he has
fulfilled
the
conditions
of
Resolution
No.
1
1967)
of
the
University
Court*
and
that
be
in
qualified
to
subatit
the
accompatVing
thesis
in
application
for
the degree
of
Doctor
of
Philosopbye
J. Burton
Mr.
supervisor)
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-
ill
-
TAI.W&CIV =-IlSTTTfWLlflj
in
.
.
-
tm.
k
t
th
cl
kh
d
.
k
d
h
1
1r.
m
i
*
ta
j
n
4.
.h
eh
zu
L;
,v
0
40
4.
e
Z
2= Hamza
9
demma
vcv -
fgell
fotha
+
yi'b
m
ei
tatha
+
vav
u
latha
+
allt
+
ra
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-
iv
-
ABBREVIATIONS
A.
H.
After
Hijra.
Before Hijra.
b.
Son
of.
bint.
Daughter
of.
Of.
Compare,
confer.
d.
Died.
ed. Edited.
fo. Folio*
ff, Folios.
H. Hijra.
Ms
Manuscript.
MSS
Yanuscripts.
n.
d. No
date.
no,
Note
number.
rM,
Numbers.
pe
Page.
pp.
Pages.
suggest.
Suggestion.
Vol.
Volume.
Vols.
Volumes.
Note:
t[II
Represents
an
insert
within
an
insert.
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-v-
ACKNOWLMM.
MENTS
Dr. John
Burton has
super-ised my studies
during
the
pre-
paration
of
this thesis.
It is
my
duty to
offer
him
my
sincere
thanks
for his
scholastic guidance
and
his
encouragement.
My
thanks
are
also
due to
Dr. Jackson for
his
valuable
suggestions
in
the
course of preparation
of
this
work
in the
absence of
Dr.
John
Burton.
I
would
like to
thank
the
staff
of
the
Chester
Beatty
Library,
Dublin,
for
providing
me with
a microfilm
of
the
Text
Ru3iis
al-Yasq'ils
and
for
giving me access
to
other materials
in
their
library.
My thanks
are
also
due to the
staff
of
the Library
of
the
British
Museumt
Londont the
staff
of
the Library
of
the
Arab
League,
and
the
staff
of
the Egyptian
National
Library, Cairo,
for
sending
me microfilms
of
various
MSS
which
are
relevant
to
the
subject,
and
for
allowing
me
to
use
other materials
available
in
their
libraries.
Pinally, I also wish to thank the staff of the Library of
the
University
of
St.
Andrews
for their
assistance
and
co
-
operation,
and
to the Universiti
Kebangsa
an
Malaysia
(The
National
University
of
Malaysia)q for
sponsoring me
to
undertake
this
research.
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I
conducted
my research
under
the
supervision
of
bra
Joba
Ruptono
I
was admitted
as
a
rosesvRi student under Ordinance General No
12
on
lot
October
1973
and
as
a
candidate
for
the degree
of
Ph Do
under
this
ordinance
an
lot
October 1973
00
000000
Abdul
Bolin
bin
Muhammad
STe
ANEREWS
Deoembove
976
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CONTENTS
Pages
Declaration
Certification
Transliteration table
ill
Abbreviations
1V
Acknowledgments
V
Contents
Abstract
PART
ONE
:
INTRODUCTION
Chapter
one
:.
Introduction
to
the
MS
and
Text.
1-
The NS
used
in this
edition
1-
2
2- The
copyist and orthography
2-
5
3
-
Purpose
and
date
of composition
5
-6
4
-
Critical
apparatus
7
-8
Chapter
two
:
Author
1-
His
nameg
kunyal
nisbahs
and
titles
9-
2-
His
Family
11
-
13
3-
His
education
and
his
teachers
13
-
16
4- His
pupils
16
-
17
5-
His
literary
output
18
-
30
6-
His
travels
30
-
34
7-
His death
34
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Chapter three
:
Place
in literature
1-
Compositions
of
RuTs
al-Masa'il
35
-
36
2- Authorshi of the present work 36
-
38
3-
Comparison
of
Ru s
al-Masa'il
with
other
works
of
Ikhtil7f
39
-
42
a)
The
significance of
the
work
42
-
43
b)
Zamakhshalls
legal
thought
43
-
46
Chapter four : Development of Ikhtil7af literature 47
1- Ikhtilaf
in
general,
48
-
53
2-
Birth
of
the
science of
al-
Xhilfi
53
-
57
Chapter
five The
(scope
of
application
of) classical
theory
of
UZI
of
jurisprudence to the
0
Ikhtil7af
literature
The
classical
theory
of
UZ-1
7-
of
jurisprudence
58
-
59
2-
The
application
of
the theory
59
-
68
3- Conclusion 68
-
69
Bibliography
70
-
85
PART
TWO
Textq
appendix
and
notes.
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ABSTRACT
This
thesis
consists
of
two
parts.
The
first
part
deals
with
an
introduction
which
is
divided into
five
chapters,
Chapter
one
provides,
general
information
on
the
MS,
the
copyist
and
the
orthography.
The date
and
purpose of composition of
the
work
is
also
discussed,
and
the
critical
apparatus
explained.
Chapter
two
concerns
the
authorship and outlines
briefly
the
author's
career.
The
discussion involves
the
author's
namep
family,
educationg
his
teachers, his
pupils and
his
other
works.
The
date
of
his death is
also ascertained.
Chapter
three
deals
with
the
place of
the
Ru'is
al-Maia il
I
type
in literature,
and consists of a review of works
of
similar
title.
Confirmation
of
the
authorship
of
the
present
work
,
and
comparison
of
this
work with
other similar works results
in
showing
its
significance
and
in
illustrating the
attitude
of
the
author
on
matters
dealt
with on
Figh.
A
historical
survey
of
the
development
of
Ikhtiiaf
literature
and the beginnings of the science of al-Khil; fiZZat have been
discussed
in
chapter
four.
Finallyt
chapter
five
deals
with
the
classical
theory
of
Usul
and
its
application
in
the Ikhtil7af
literature
which
is followed
by
a
brief
conclusion.
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0
The
second
part presents
the Text. This
contains
407
ralings-
under
62
titles
and
sub
-.
titles
which
deal
with
different
subjects
ranging from ritual, family law and penal
law to the
ralings on
food
and
drink.
The
separate
notes
have been
provided
in
order
to
show
the
development
of
the Sh-aft Ite
doctrines. An
appendix
is
also
pro-
vided
aiming to
illustrate
the development
of
Zamakhshari s
ideas
on
Fioh
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PART
ONE
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER
ONE
3WRODUCTION
TO THE
IIS
AND
TEXr
I-
The
M
used
in
this
edition
The
present
edition of
"Rufus
al-Masglilw
is based
on
the
unique
"M
no-
3600
preserved
in
the
Chester Beatty
Library in
Dublin,
Ireland.
-1,
J.
Arberry
who
described
the
work
has briefly
stated
that
no
other
copy appears
to be
recorded.
I
The
measurement
of
each
page
of
the
present work, consisting
altogether of
107 folios, is 17
x
13-1
cm- Each page contains
between
11-17
lines
and
between 7-15
words
to
each
line.
On
the top
of
the
front
cover of
the HS
is
written
the
Shah;
da
j
on
the
right
is
the
title
of
the
book
and
the
name
of
its
author
and
on
the
left
appear
the
names
of
two
persons who
possessed
the
IIS.
The
following
folio
is
the
first
page of
the
IM.
At the top
of
it
again
the
same
title
is
written
in la
Tge
writing, and
also
in
the
middle
of
this-folio is
written
twice
the
same
title.
The
first
and
second
verses
of
the first
s;
ra
of
the Qur3an
appear
in the
middle
of
the
same
page,
and
on
the left
are
written
the
names
of
several persons
who studied this book.
The t
astey-w,and
%,
stevn
numbers
appear
together
on
the
top
of
the
left hand
corner, recto
side
of
the folio,
from
folios
2 to 75, but
on
the
rest
only
wastem numbers are written.
The MS
is
well
preserved,
except
for
one minor
hole
on
folio
5b,
a
few
words are obscured
and
there
is humidity
damage
on
folios
29a
and
106.
.1
1,
A.
J.
Arberry,
A Handlist
of
the
Arabic
IISS,
Dublin
1955,
vol-
3,
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-2-
The
transcription
of
the
work
was
completed
in Rajab,
576
H.,
-
that
is
December
1180,
about-thirty
nine
years after
the death
of
its
. authoT.
2
-,
The
copyist
and
orthography
The
copyist
of
the
Dublin
MS
signed
his
name
on
the
bottom
of
folio
105a.
as
Shibli
b.
Abdul
Rahm3n
b. Jandar b.
Ayyab.
He does
not,
seem
to be
among
the
well
known figures. No
bio-
graphical
account
of
him
can
be traced,
and
assessment of
his
writing
on
the basis
of
the
present work
has
resulted
in the
opinion
that
he
had insufficient
Imowledge
about
both
the Arabic
language
and
juris-
prudence.
He
stated
the
date
when
he
finished
completing
transcription
of
this work as Rajab, 576/December, 1160. This indicates simply that
he lived
during
this
period.
His
orthography
is
generally,
good
and clear.
The Text
in
nasldi'
writing
is
mostly provided with
diacritical
points and
occasionally
supplied
with
vocalisations.
He
applied
the
classical
Arabic
usageg
but it
seems
that he
does
not
consistently
follow
the
recognised
form.
-
Thisphonomenon
can
be
found
in
many
places such
as
in
the
case
of
lal-Sh3fi5i'
'which
was
written
in
three
different
forms
I
Ill
2
41
,
ILOW-11
and
and
also
in
the
case of
the
word
Ita 9191
which
was
written
I
ULZ
49
-ski
5
and
I
jW
6
1.
Cf.
ms,
fo. llb.
4- Ibid.,
fo. 16a.
2* Ibid.
5.
Ibid.,
fo. l9a.
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-3-
There
are
many words
where
hamza
is involved.
The
writing
appears
in
various
forms
depending
on
the
place
in
which
it
occurs.
Generally
hamza is
omitted after
final long
alif suchas-I
k41
I
fox I
V1,11
and
in
the
end of
the
word
like I
L.
S"
12
for I
Ot
r'
1.
3
for
,
imilarly
when
it
comes
in
the
middle
like
and
4
for
I
or
when
it
is
in
the beginning
of
the
word
5
for
6
such as
and
J,
I for
I
JI,
10
For
some
other
words
hamzas
are provided
as required,
but he
puts
them in
the
wrong
place
such
as
for
for
and
'9
for
Occasionally
Y91
replaces
the
alif
such
as
I
L-J
S
110
for
Ld
the hamza
as
in
I
P-:
-
Ill
Cjj
112 for
1
'.
1
or
and
I
',
pS
I
or
conversely
such
as
in
\-:
,
13
for I
In
other cases
hamza and y7a' are written, together instead of hamza alone as t.
Lvt14
for
and
occasionally
he
used
tg3maft;
ha
instead
of
t9
15
16
Lmartu-ta
such as
for
and
for
while
in
other cases
he
used
long
alif
instead
of
alif
maqsura such
as
for4%Aj,
>-ik,.
He
also
used
abbreviations-for
some
1.
Cf.
ms,
fo. 12b.
2. Ibid.,
fo.
83a.
3. Ibid.,
fo. Ilb.
4-
Ibid., fo.
12a.
5- Ibid.
6. Ibid., fo. 4a.
7. Ibid.,
fo.
2a.
S.
Ibid.,
fo. 3a
10. Ibid.,
fo. 23b.
11. Ibid.,
fo. 12a.
12. Ibid.,
fo.
2a.
13- Ibid.,
fo. 8a.
14- Ibid.,
fo. llb.
15- Ibid., fo. 17a.
16. Ibid.,
fo. 85b.
17. Ibid.,
fo. 102a.
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-4-
words such as
11 for
II
and
1
12
for t
I.
On the
other
hand,
some
letters
which are
not provided
with
dia-
critical points
in
the modern Arabic usage have been so provided as
L Lz
5
for
for
and
4
for
or
,
II
and
1 16 for II
He
does
not seem
to have
been
careful
in
copying
this transcript-
ion.
Misairangement
occurs
on several
occasions;
he
misplaced.
either
headings7
or rulings8.
He
also missed out many words9 and
repeated
some
others
10
*
Several
corrections
have
also
been
made
in
the
Text.
It is to
be
presumed
that the
corrections
were made
by the
copyist
himself,
Lause
the
writing of
the
corrections
is
similar
to the
original.
This
gives
us
the idea that
the
copyist
had
gone
over
it
again and made
these corrections.
He
has
applied
vaxious
methods
for
corrections.
When
a
word
or
words
were
repeated,
he
simply
crosses
out one
of
them;
this
applies
similarly
to
incorrect
words.
If the
mistake
is
crossed out
he
places
the
correct words
in the
margin,
sometimes without
crossing any-
thing
out.
He
uses various
techniques
to
cross
out.
If
some words are
missed
out,
the
correct words are placed
between
the
lines
or
in the
margin.
Usually
in
such cases
he
uses
tis
sign
in
place of
1.
Cf.
ms
fo.
16a.
2.
lbid.,
,
o.
15b.
3.
Ibid., fo.
12a.
4-
Ibid.,
fo. 88b.
Ibid.
7.
Ibid., fo. 77a.
8. Ibid.,
fo.
65b.
9., Ibid., fo-
4b.
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-5-
the
missing words,
but
not
in
all
cases, and
sometimes
he
writes
the
word
Ie (i.
e.
correct)
at
the
end
of
the
correction.
Occasion-
ally
he
uses this sign
I
IS
I
at
tha
end of
the
ruling
for
a
full
stop.
On
the
other
hand,
there
are
words and signs
which seem
to have
no
obvious connection
with
the
passage.
They
normally appear
between
.0
,2
he line
such as
1,
and
1
)O
,
or
in the
margin
like
,
-**
Grammatical
peculiarities
and unusual expressions occur very
often,
but
these
phenomena
were probably never
due to
the
author, who
had
specialised
in
grammar
and
therefore
were
almost
certainly
due
to the
copyist.
The
contents
of
the HS
appear
to
end
on
105a-
Following
this in
the
IIS there
is
an
addition
105b
consisting of
two
sections
the
first
of which appears to belong to the Kit; b al-Da6w, while the second
seems
to belong
to
the
Kit; b
al-Hiba
which
is
absent
from this
work.
These
have
simply
been
reproduced
according
to their
position
in
the HS.
Purpose
and
date
of composition
We
have
no clear
idea
about
the
purpose
of
this
composition.
r
Zamakhshari has
never
declared it
either
in the
present work
or
others.
However,
following the
contents
of
the
work
before
us
encourages
a presumption
that
the
work. was
composed
in
order
to declare to
people
that
he
had
become
a
follower
of the
Hanafite
rite
in. his
late
period,
0
after
spending
most
of
his life
without
showing
his
attachment
to
any
one
1.
Cf.
ms
fo. 22b.
2a Ibid.,
fo.
55a.
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-6-
particular
school of
legal
thought.
It
may
also
be
presumed
that the
composition
is intended
as a
dedication to those two
famous
imams
Ab Hani-fa
and
Sha_figi
whom
he
highly
-respected
1
This
presumption
is based
on
the
ground
that the
r
argument presented
in
this
work
shows
that
ZamakhshaTi
does
not
insist
on
defending
the
madhhab
which
he
has
followed; in
most
cases
he
produces cases
and
evidence
for both
sides equally
without
giving
further
argumentation
in
support
of
his
madhhab as
wap
done
by
other
Hanafite
scholars
on the subject.
0
The
present
NS
is
obviously not
an original copy
of
the
work,
because transcription
of
the
present
work was made
about
thirty-nine
lyears
after
the
death
of
the
author.
Even
so,
the
idea-contained
is
original,
and
it
is
to
be
pre-
sumed
that
the
present
work
was
composed
after
the
year
528
H.
in
which
the
author
completed
his
other work
al-Kashshaf.
This
suegestion
is
based
on
the
ideas
present
in
both
al-Kashsh3f
and
Ru7;
s
al-Mas;
lil.
The
ideas
contained
in
al-Kashsh;
f do
not
show
that
he
was
interested
in
a
particular
madhhab,
whereas
the
ideas
in
the RO;
s
al-Mas;
lil in
which
he
entirely
adopts
the Hanafite
views
are completely
different.
Thus
the
composition
of
ROUs
al-MasPil
is
most
likely to be
placed
0
after
the
year
528 H.
ZamakhsharilIs
appreciation
of
Sh7afi i's
ability
in
Arabic
language
can
be found
in
his
al-Kashshgf,
Cairo
1946,
Vol.
lt
P-
376,
and
his appreciation, of Ab Hanirfats knowledgels mentioned
in
his
Naw9bigh
al-Kalim.
in
Amthal
al-Sharq
wa al-Gharb,
'Cairo
1960-61,
0
pp.
198,223,
by
Yi7suf
al-Bustgniv
and
Salah
al-Diln
al-BustEni.
00
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-7-
Critical
apparatus
The
critical apparatus
has been
designed to
deal
with
the
Dublin
MS.
The
aim
in
this
edition
is
to
preserve
the
original reading
of
the
Text
wherever possible.
In
order
to
achieve
this,
the
words
appearing
in
the
Text
have
been kept,
and any
changes which
have
been
made
are.
mentioned
in
the footnotes.
Modern
Arabic
orthography
has
been
preferred except
for
quotations
from the Qurl; 'n. This has meant that several letters in the MS have
had
to
be
altered as not
conforming with modern
Arabic
usage as,
for
instance, 1
64.
P-31
to ,
B_A..
gjl
III
LJtZ
I
to
I
Ot'3
t
and
I
to
In
such
cases no mention
has been
made
in the
critical
notes
as
this
is
only
a
matter of
orthography.
This
applies
also
to
words
which
have
no
diacritical
points
because
it
would
be impractical
to
mention
them
all.
An
attempt
has
been
made
to
limit the
footnotes
to the
grammatical
--peculiarities,
incorrectly
copied,
unusual spellings,
unclear
writing,
corrections
by
the
copyist,
and
any words
appearing
in the
margins
and
between
the lines.
The
vocalisations
have been ignored
except
where
they have
any
special
interest.
References
for the
rulings
and
the
supporting
evidence
have been
mentioned
in
the
notes.
Various
symbols
have
been
used; square
brackets
L
]indicate
the
words supplied
by
the
editor, angle
brackets /,
>
indicate
copy-
ist's
corrections,
inverted
commas
indicate
evidence
from the
Qurlgn
and
Hadith,
and
other
direct
quotations.
Round
brackets
indicate
th3t
the
words
have
no obvious
connection with
the
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Where
words are not certain
the
word
sic)
has
been
used,
and
generally
in
this
situation suggestions
have
been
given.
Punctuation
and paragraphing
have
been
added
wherever
required
in the
present
edition.
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-9-
CHAPTER
TWO
AUTHOR
1-
Zamarkhsha:
rlts name,
kunya
,
nisbahs and
titles
(a)
Zamakhsharl s
name
Biographers
who
deal
with
Zamakhshari.
have
given-different accounts
of
his
name.
Yaqut
said
that
it
was
Abu
al-Qasim
Mahmud Ibn
Tmar
Qiftiv
that
it
was
Ab;
al Q;
sim
Mahm;
d Ibn
'Umar
Ibn Muhammad
3
SuyW,,
that
it
was
Mahm; d Ibn
'Umar
Ibn
Muhammad Ibn Ahmad
; and
,
bn Khallikan that
it
was
Abu
al-Q;
sim
Mahnffid
Ibn
Tmar
Ibn Muhammad
Ibn 5Umar4.
Suyuti and Ibn Khallikan both seem to have named Zamakhshari s
parental
great-grandfather,
but
it
appears
there
was
disagreement
between
them.
However,
tUmar
seems
to
me
the
most
likely in that
a
majority of
biographers
have
agreed
on
this5. The
others
have
not
paid
much
attention
to this
point,
probably
to
avoid
involving
them-
selves
in
this
problem, and
they have
simply
been
satisfied
to
mention
1.
YgqUt,
Ifu9jam
al-Buld3n,
Tehran
1965,
vol.
2,
P-
940-
2. Qiftir,
Tgr lkh
al-Hukam33,
Leipzig
1903,
p.
293-
3-
SuYtlr,
BughYat
1-Wu'Ft
fl'
Tabaq3t
al-Lughawiyyln
wa al-Nuha-t,
Cairo
1965,
Vol.
2,
p.
279.
Ibn
Khallik9n,
Wafay9t
al-Agygn
wa
Anbgl
Abn;
al-Zamgn,
Beirut
1968-72,
vol.
5,
p.
168.
5-
Among
biographers
who agree
on
this
are
Ibn
Athirr,
al-Dubab
fi
I
Tahdh*ipb
al-Ans9b,
Cairo 1938,
vol.
6,
P-
315,
and
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10
-
his
father's
name
because
it
was
unanimously
agreed.
(b)
Zamakhsharl's'kunya', nisbahs'a'nd titles
Beside his
full
name
above,
he has
a
kunya,
various
nisbahs and
different
titles:
He
was called
Ab;
al-Casim
as
his kunya
1
His
nisbahs
were
-2
various;
he
was
called
al-Zamakhshari
,
indicating
that he
was
born
in
Zamakhsha:
t ;
al-Khwarzim713,
which
indicates that
he
originated
from
,
,
14,
which
hwarizm,
a
province
which
contains
Zamakhshar;
al-M,,
eta,
simply
shows
that
he belonged
to
the
Multazilite
madhhab; and
finally
al-Hanaf,
115,
this
last
nisba'
showing
that he
belonged
to the Hanafite
sect.
He
specialised
in
many
subjects;
therefore
he
was
lalown
as
al-
ILalh
68
0
EIF (gTammarian)', al-Lughawf (philologist), al-Mufassir
(commentator
of
the
Qprlgn),
(a
man of
letters),
and
finally
al-Ilutakallimlo
(theologian).
lo
Ibn
Khallik9n,
opo
cit.,
loco
cito
2.
Ibid.
3.
Ibn
Taghxir
Bird ,
al-Nujgm
al-Z3hirs
fir
Ylul9k
Misr
wa al-QahiTa,
Cairo
(n.
d.
),
vol-
5,
p.
274.
4- Ibn
KhalliOn,
'op.
cit., Vol-
59
P.
170-
5- Ibn
TaghrI
Bird'17,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
6.
qift11,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
7.
SamIgn1i, op. cit., loc. cit.
8.
Ibn
f-ImZd,
ShadharEt
al-I)hahab,
Cairo
1350,
VOL
4,
P-
118.
9.
Ygqt,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
10.
Kahbala,
Muljam
al-Mulallif'in
fl
Tar3jim Musannaf3t
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11
-
Moreover
sIeveral
titles
have been
given
to him in'recognition
of
his
intellectual
reputation;
he
was called
Ustadh
al-Dunia
(professor
of the World),
'Sheikh
al-gArab wa
il-f.
Ajam
2
(a
teacher of the Arab and
non-Arab),
and
Fakhral-Khwarizm3
(pride
of
Khwarizm). He
was also
known
as
J9rulIJ
(neighbour
of
God),
because
he
visited
Mecca
several
times
and
stayed
there
for
years.
I
s
family-
Zamakhshar-1
5
Zamakhsharl,
was
born
on
Wednesday
27th
Rajab, 467'11.
/Bth.
March,
1075.
This
date
was
accepted
by
most of
his
biogra'phers
6,
except
that
a
few
of
them
said
it
fell
on
17th.
Rajab,
467,
H.
7
or
at
the
end
of
Rajab8.
The birth
occurred
in
Zamakhshar,
in
Khwarizm.
,a
comparatively unknown
village
at
that
time,
although
it later became
famous
when
it
was
closely linked with the name of Ab al-Qgsim.
He
was
of
Persian descent
10
,
but his fa'Mily
was not well
known.
Cf.
Zamakhsharl, Maq7u; ,
Cairo
2:325,
introduction
p.
2.
2.
Ibid.
3-
Ibn
Qutlubugha,
aj
al-:
Tai_:
jim,
Baghdad
i962,
P.
71-
4- Ibn
Taghrl'
Birdl,
op. cit., vol-
5,
p.
273-
5-
Ibn Khallik3n,
OP-
Cit-, vol-
5,
'
P-
173.
6.
Other
biographers
who agree
on
this
are
Qirti ,
-Inbgt
al-Ruw-at
OA19
Inb9t
al-Nuh3t,
Cairo
1957,
Vol.
3,
p.
266., Anbgrl,
ITuzhat
al-Alibb3l
fir
Tabaq3t
al-Udab33,
Cairo
(n.
d.
),
P.
3931
Ibn tImad, op.
cit-,
vol-
4,
p.
121.
8.
Suy;
tlrt
op. cit.,
Vol.
2,
p.
279.
Bird'
.
Ibn
Taghri
1,
op.
cit.,
Joe.
cit.
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12
-
This
has
resulted
in
a
lack
of
information
on
the
subject,
and
even
the
biographical
works
have
not
dealt
sufficiently
with
it
except
a
1
statement which showed
that his father
was an
Imam in
Zamakhshar
Nevertheless
there is
available another source
which provides
I
more
information
about
his
family;
it is
Zamakhsharills
poetic
com-
position
IM7Mn
al-Adabl,
where
he
mentions
that
his father
was
a
learned,
cultured
and
pious man,
and
that
as
a
result
of
his
death
he
himself
lost.
greatly
20
Concerning
his
father's
spiritual
life,
Zamakhsharl
explains
that
he
spent
most
of
his time
in
spiritual
devotion
and
did
so
for the
sake
of
piety,
in
fact
he
did
not pay much attention
to
secular
matterS3.
On the
other
hand
he
also
mentions
that his father
had
many
children
who
were
left
in
comparative
poverty,
while
his
father
was
suffering in prison4. Zamakhsharl realised that his family was left
in
a
difficult
situation,
therefore
in
order
to
rectify
this
situation
he
asked-Muayyid
al-Mulk
for
the
release
of
his
father5.
The
reason
for
the, imprisonment
of
his
father
is
not clear;
it
was
perhaps
political
and according
to
Ibn
Ath-ir
Mifayyid
al-Mulk
was
2
man
of
bad
6
moral character
As
a
student
Zamakhsharig'
occasionally
left his family for the
sake
of
gaining
knowledge,
and when
his
father died
he
was
away
from home.
1.
TFshkubri-ZZda,
h,
Mift; h
al-Sa0-;
da
wa
Misb;
h
al-Siyada,
Cairo
(n.
d.
),
vol.
2,
p.
100.
2., Cf. Zamakhsharl, Dlwgn, MS Egyptian National Library, No- 529, (adab),
3- Ibid.
4-
Ibid., fo. 97b.
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13
-
This
continuous separation caused
him
sorrow
and grief.
In fact he
was
often
saddened
by
separation
from his family,
but
the
grief
caused
by the death of his father was comparatively severe
1,
especially since
he
was not
with
him
when
the death
occurred.
He
also
mentions
that
his
mother
had
a
deep
religious
consciousness.
He
explains
that
when
he
was a
child
he
caught
a
sparrow and
tied
its
leg
with
a
piece
of
thread,
but it
escaped
from his hand
and
ran away;
he followed
and
it
went
into
a
hole; he
pulled
it
out, and
as
he did
so
the thread
cut
through
its
leg. His
mother was'angry
and upset
about
the incident
and said,
'May
God
cut
off
the
leg
of
the
treacherous
2
as
he
cut off
the
bird's
leg'
I
In
regard
to
his
family
as
a whole
he dec
lares that they
respected
religious
teaohings
and
that their
attitude was
well
known3.
Zamakhsharl s
education
and
his teachers
Tracing the
background
of
Zamakhsharl's
parents
and
his
family
as
a
whole, as
he
has described
them,
certainly
indicates that
he
was
brought
up
in
a
cultured
and
religious
environment.
His father
was a
learned
man,
even
though
there
is
no
information
indicating
that
he
was
involved in
any
educational
activities.
There-
fore it
is
uncertain
whether
Zamakhshari
received
his
primary
education
from
his
father.
But
a
statement
given
by him
shows
that
his father
was
imprisoned;
this tragedy
caused
his
separation
from
1. cf. zamakhshari, op. cit., ff. 72a, 72b.
2,
Cf.
Yaqut, Kitab Irshad
al-Arib
ilg Macrifat
al-Ad-ib,
Cairo
1925,
vol.
7,
P.
147.
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14
-
his
father,
and certainly
there
was very
little
opportunity
for
them to
meet each other.
The
first
indication
of
his
education
is
that he
appears
to have
studied
in
Khwarizm
which
was well
known
as a cenize of
education
2
and
had
produced many
celebrated
scholars
He
also studied
in
Nany
remarkable scholars
who
specialised
in
various
sciences were
consulted
by
him.
Under
them
he
studied
different branches
of
science
which,
later, brought him
up
to
a position as a
famous
scholar
of
his
time*
He became
a pupil
of
Ab Mudir b. Jarl'r
al-Dabbl'
a,
-NahW14
in
Khwarizm.
According
to the
biographer
Y5qt, Ab
Mudir
was
unique
in
If
his
time,
the
acknowledged authority
in
philology, grammar
and
medicine,
who
followed
the
blultazilite doctrine
and was responsible
for bringing
it
to
Khwarizm5.
ZamakhshaT
studied
under
him-both
grammar
6
and
78
literature
,
and
at
the
same
time
he
was
sponsored
by his
teacher
1.
Cf.
Y-aq;
,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
2. Maqdisi describes Khwarizm in his Ahsan al-Taqgslv*M, Leiden 1906,
pp.
284,285
as
follows:
...
k
U
-**
-
.
A
ces\lt
Cut,
il
3-
Cf.
Ibn
Khallik3n,
op.
cit-,
Vol-
5t
P-
170.
4-
Cf. Ygq5t,
op.
cit.,
Joe.
cit.
5- Ibid.
6.
Cf.
Anbgril,
02-
cit-,
P-
391.
7.
Ygqt,
op.
ci
.,
loc.
cit.
8.
Cf. Zamakhsharl",
op.
cit.,
fo.
91,
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15
-
On
his
way
to Mecca, in the
year
533 H., he
arrived
in
Baghdad
where
he
was warmly welcomed
by
the
leaxned4AUE Hibatull7ah
al-
Shajarl.
They
exchan'ged greeting
warmly
when
they
Met each other
While
he
was
in
Baghdad
he
consulted
Ab ManOi
al-Jawgliqll'.
According to
Qiftit Ab;
Mans;
r
al-Jawaliqll
twice
read some philology
2C
'ooks
to him
and gave
him
ijaza
.
He
also met
Abu-
Abdullgh
al-
Dgmighanil',
but it is
not clear
if he
studied
any
particular
subject
from
him. However, D3migh3nI7
had
a conversation
with
Zamakhsharli,
and asked why his leg was cut off3. This occasion gives us the
impression
that
there
must
have
been
a close
relationship
between him
and
Zamakhsharl,
and most
likely
this
was
the
relationship
between
teacher
and pupil.
I
When
he
was
in
Mecca
,
he
was a
pupil
of
cAll
b.
Wahhs
for
some
time4,
and
he,
also
became
a
pupil of
Ab7u
Bakr
b.
Talhah
b.
Mahmd
b.
000
'gAbd-ull;
h
al-Ygbirl
al-AndalUsi,
who
was
a grammarian,
an
authority
on
r
law
(usull),
and
a
jurist
(faqlh).
He
read
to
him*Kitgb
Sibawaih,
Sharh
cal;
Ris3la
Ibn
Zaid,
and
the
book.
al-Raddlala
Ibn Hazm5.
6.
Other
scholars among
his teachers
were
AbG
al-Khattabal-Bitz,
,.
r7
.
&b5
Sa
ad
al-S3fani
and
AbU
Xansr
al-E3rithi
He
studied
jurie-
1.
Cf.
YgqUt,
op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
2.
Cf.
-
W112 ,
op. cit., vol.
3#
p.
270.
3-
Cf.
Ibn
Kha; li0n,
op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
4.
Brockelmann,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.;
see
also
Qifti,
op.
cit-, Vol.
3,
p.
268.
5-
Cf. SuyUtI,
Op.
cit.,
Vol.
2,
P-
46;
AbU Hayyan,
Bahr
al-Yuh-it,
00040
Riygd-(n.
d.
),
vol,
4,
P-
372.
6.
Cf.
Suyiitir,
Librum
de
InterpTe
Tibus
Korani, Lugduni
Batavoriurii,
1839t
P.
41.
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16
-
prudence
under
Sheikh
al-SadId
al-Kbayygtl
,
and
Ilm
al-Us7ul
under'
-2
Rukn
al-Din
Muha=ad
al-Usuli
0a
On
the
other-hand,
Ygqt
states
that
Ab'Al_
al-Hasan
b.
al-
3
Muzaffar
al-NaisbUri
was
one of
his
literature teachers
He
was
0
a
man
of
letters,
a, poet,
and
an
author,
who
died in 442 R.
4.
However, Nais5brills
death
occurredrbefore
Zamakhsharl
was
born;
this
statement
is in
doubt,
therefore.
It
was obviously
impossible
for
the
latter
to become his
pupil.
Zamakhsharils
pupils
Zamakhshazirts
intellectual
capacity
was
highly
regarded.
In the
course of
his
career
in the
academic
field he
appears
to have
given
instruction to
many
people
in
different
subjects.
Among
his
pupils-were
Ab; Y;
suf
Yasqib
b.
"Ill
b.
Muhammad
b.
6
Ja9far
al-Balldil, who was one of
the
famous figures
in literature5.
Abu
al-Hasan
b. gAli b.
Muhammad
b.
Ahmad
b.
H3run
al
I=ani7
al-
0e&
Ir
hwarzim
studied
tradition
under
him
and
Muhammad
b.
AbZ
al-Q3sim,
b,
0
Barjuk,
known
as
Zain
al-Mashavikh
learned
from him
philology,
'Ilm
7
al-Ifr9b
and
tradition
I's friends and pupilsoreover, Samgnli says that among Zamakhsharl
1.
Cf. T9shkubri-ZEdah,
op.
cit., vol.
2,
p.
100.
2.
Ibid.
Cf.
Yaqut,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
4*
Cf.
SuyZtl,
op.
cit.,
loo.
-cit.
5.
Cf.
YgqZt,
OP- cit-,
vol.
79
P-
304.
Ibid.,
vol.
5,
P-
412.
7-
Ibid.,
vol-
7,
p-
77.
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
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-
17
-
r
were
Ab7u
al-14ah3sin
Isui
vIll
b.
4Abdull7ah
al-Tawirli of
Tabarist'gn,
Ab
al-Mah3sin
cAbdul
Rahim
al-Bazz3r
of
Aby5d, Ab-u Umax
Amir
b.
al-Hasan
al-Simr
of
Zamakhshar, Abii
Salid
Ahmad
b.
MahmUd
al-Shati of
Samarqand
and
Abu
Tahir
Sa=3n
b.
Abdul
Malik, jurist
of
Khwarizm
and others
In
addition
to these
pupils, a number
of
scholars
derived their
r
authority
(ijgza )
from him; for
example
Zainab
b,
al-ShOr,
#
Who
authoxised
Ibn Khallik5n
was given
her
authority
by
Zamakhsharl . She
was
a
learned
woman who
studied
under a group
of celebrated
scholars,
r2
among
them Zamakhshar, Also H3fiz Ab T3hir Ahmad b. Muhammnd
al-
Salafi
wrote
twice
from
Alexandria
asking
him for his
authorit,
3.
Zamakhshari
agreed
and
authorised
him4.
Among his
pupils
who
obtained
authority
from
him
were
AbU
T3hir
Khash,
115
arak3t
b.
IbighiM
al-
and
Muhammad
b. Muhammad b.
Abdul
Jal'ill b.
Abdul
Malik
b.
Muhammad
b.
Abdullh
Rashlid
al-DIn al-Watwat,
6
a man of
letters
and poet
Finally
there
were
those
who
were
both his teachers-and
pupils.
Among these
were
Rukn
al-Din
Mahmud
al-Us3ll, who studied
gIlm
al-
Ta.
sir'from
him7
and
All
b.
fIS3
b.
Wahh3s
1. Cf. SamcgniE. op. cit., p. 278.
2.
Cf.
Ibn
Khallikin,
op.
cit.,
vol.
2,
P.
344-
Ibid.,
vol.
5,
P.
170
4.
Cf. SuY-utl',
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
5.
Cf. SamarzZlip,
al-Diras3t
al-Nahwiyya
wa
al-Lughawiyya
finda
al-Zamakhsharl,
Baghd9a 1971,
p.
21.
Cf. Yikt,
02-
cit-.,
vol.
7,
p.
92.
Cf. Tashkubri-Zadahlop.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
Be
Qifti,
OP-
cit-,
vol,
3,
p.
268.
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
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-
18
-
The
liteTary
outDut of
Zamakhshari
Zamakhsharils
achievement
in
Arabic
and
Islamic
literature
was
very
great.
This
is
reflected
in
his
numerous works
on
grammar,
linguistics,
lexicography, literature,
poetry, commentary
on
the Quil9n,
jurisp--udence
etc.
He devoted
most of
his
life to knowledge
and
his
interest in
it
was great.
He denied
himself
a
family
and
children
because
he
felt
1
that
it had
a
great
potential as a source
of
problems
and
difficulties
Therefore he
chose
a
priestly way of
life,
although
this
attitude
was
opposed
by his
people
2
Perhaps
the
way
of
life
which
he had
chosen
gave
him
more
opportunity
lo
produce
so many
books.
Here
is
a
survey
of
his
works;
1-
al-Kashshaf
an
haq;
3iq_al_-tanzi,
3
This
work was printed
for
the
first
time by
W.
Nassau
Lees
pnd
the
Mawlawis Khadin
Husain
and
Abdul
Hay,
Calcutta
1859,
later
it
was
published
at
Bul7ak
1291,
and
Cairo
1307,1308,1318
4
and
1948-
4
The
commentaries
on
this
work
are
variOU35;
some
of
them have
6
been
published
1,
Cf. Zamakhshar ll',
op.
cit.,
fo. 26.
2. Ibid., fo.
9.
3- Ibn
KhalliOn,
op.
cit., Vol--59 p.
168.
4.
Brockelmann,
Op-
cit-,
vol-
4,
p.
1205-
5. The detailed commentaries
on
this
work
have been mentioned by II; jI
Khalfa;
in
his Kashf
al-Zun;
n,
Leipzig
1835-58,
Vol-
5,
PP-
155-157,
0
182-198.
r
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
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.-
19
-
al-Mbfassal
The
above work
was published
by
J.
B.
Broch, Christiania
1859,
1879,
with glosses
and
appendices
by
Mawlawi
Muhammad YalIkub
Rasburi,
Delhi
1891, by
Hamzah
Fathallgh, Alexandria
1291,
Ca7iTO
1323
with
Shawahid
commentary
by
Muhammad
Badr
al-Din
Ab FirEs
al-NaOZnj
al-
-2
alabi
Several
commentaries
-,
jjj:
jq'_.:
written
on
the
work3;
some of
them
have
been
printed4.
3-
al-Umdhaj
f
al-nahW5
0
This
work was
autographed
by
Broch,
Christiania
1867,
printed
in
6
Tehran
1269,
Tabriz
1275,
Cairo
1289
and
Stambul
1299
7
Different
commentaries
on
this
work
have
been
mentioned
The
best known of them were written by Muhammadb.
c
Abdul Ghani al-Aidabillir,
printed
Bul3k
1269,
in
a
Persian MajZPa
1279,
on.
the
margin of
the
main
work,
Kazan
1901,
and
another
two
commentaries'are
al-Fairgdhaj
fi
ShaTh
al-Anm7udhaj
by
Muha=ad
cIsg 'Askar,
Cairo
1289,
and
tUmdat
1. Ibn Khallikan, op. cit., loc. cit.
2.
Bxockelmanno
OP.
cit., vol.
4,
P.
1206.
The
detailed
commentaxies
on
this
work
are
mentioned
by Hajil
0
Rhalfaain
op.
cit., vol.
6,,
PP.
37-40-
The
best
known
commentary
by
Ibn Ya5i'sh
was
printed
by
Go
Jahn,
Leipzig 1882,
and
Cairo
(n.
d.
).
Ibn Khallikan,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
Brockelmann,
op. cit.,
loc.,
cit,
Cf.
the
commentaries
mentioned
in
Brockelmann,
op.
cit.,
loo.
cit.
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
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-
20
-
al-S;
rl
by
Ibiahlm b.
Savad
al-Khususi,
Bulak
1312
al-Muhgj3t wa mptammim maham arVa*b al-h-Wt fl
i-2
al-ahaji
wa
al-gh3z
Tne
work was edited
by
Dr. Bahijah
al-Hasan
and
published
by
0
University
of
Baghd9d, Baghd3d
1973-
Mar-'ala fl'
kalimat
al-shah;
da3
This
work
also
was edited
by Dr. Bah1jah
al-HasanI7 and
published
4
by
Majm
al-$ilml
al-5Ir9ql*,
in 19674.
6-
al-V53iq
f
gharib
al-hadith5
6
It
was published
for
the first
time in Haiderabad 1324 Later
it
was edited
by
'All
al-Bij3W71 and
Muhammad
Ab5
al-Fadl
Ibrah-im,
published
by
Iir
ihyg-lal-kutub
al-'Arabiyya,
Cairo
1945.
7
7-
al-Mustaqsa
fi
amthal al-r'Arab
-
The
work
was published
by
Majlis
dalirat
al-malarif,
Haiderabad,
in
1962.
Brockelmarn,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
2o
Ygqt,
op.
dit-,
vol.
7s
P.
151;
but
Ibn Khallikan,
op.
cit.,
vol-
5t
P.
168
mentions
al-Muhajat
bi
al-masalil al-nahwiyya.
3-
Cf.
Majalla
Maimagal-1,
ilm"I
al-rIraqi,
Baghdad
19679
vol.
15,
p.
1210
but
'-'.
ZaiCanpTZrIkh
al-adab al-vArabl,
vol-
3,
P.
50
mentions
Ris3la
Al
kalimat
al-shah3da.
4- See MaJalla Majmac al-cilm al-vIraq_i, vol. 15, p. 121.
5-
Y5qt,
OP-
cit-,
vol.
7,
P-
150,
but
Ibn Xhallik3n,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
mentions
al-P33iq
fl-tafs1ral-Had"Eth.
6.
Brockelmann,
o]2.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
7.
Ibn
Khallik3n,
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
33/548
21
-
A
selection
from
it
entitled
Zubdat
al-amthal was made
by
Ibrahim
al-Gallipoli
in 999
with
Persian
commentary
and
Turkish
glosses
2
8-
Kit3b
al-mufmad
wa
al-mulall-a-f
fi
al-nahw
It
was edited
by-Dr.
Bahijah
al-Hasani, published
by
Majmal
al-
3.
ilmi
al Irgqi,
in
1967
Asas
al-Bal;
gha
The
above work
was
published
in
Cairo
1299,
Lucknow
13115
9
Cairo
1972*
10
-
Aljab
al-tujub
sharh
lgmiyyat
al-Arsb
6
This
work
was published
with
a
commentary
by
Mub7arak
n Istanbul
7
(JaZlib)
1300,
'Cairo
1'324,1328
,
Damascus
1966,
with
notes
by
Abdul
Mut'J[n
al-Maluhil.
8
Kitab
al-amkina
wa
al-j
b3l
wa ai-miyah
It
was published
by'M.
Salverda
De
Grave
(auspice
T. G. Juy-nboll),
Leiden 1859
9.
1.13mockelmarm, op. cit., loc. cit.
2. Ibn
Qutlubugha,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.,
but Ygqt,
Vol,
P-
151
mentions
al-Mufrad
wa
al-muTakka_b__fi
al-tArabi37a.
3-
Cf.
Muialla
Majmagal-tilml
al-tlriql,
Vol-
15,
P-
100-
4- Ibn
Khallik3n,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
5-
BTockelmann,
op. cit.,
loc'.
cit.
6.
Ygq5t,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit..
7.
Brockelmam,
op.
cit.
loc.
cit.
80
But
Yaq-ut,
OT).
cit.,
loc.
cit.
states
Kitab
al-jibal
wa
al-amkina
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-
22
-
12
-
Atwaq
al-dhahab
fl
al-mawagiz
According to
C.
Barbier
de
Meynard,
the
-2
al-NasPih al-sighar
,
by
which name
it is
m,
the
phrase
mentioned
could
be found
in Atwaq
This
work was
translated,
and published;
above woTk
also
known
as
entioned
in
al-Kashsli5f3;
al-dhahab4.
Atwaq
al-dhahab,
(Samach
scharis
Goldene
Halsbander
als
Keujahrsgeschenk
arabisch
und
deutsch
von
J.
V. Hammer,
Vienna
1835), translated
by
H.
L.
Fleischer,
Leipzig
1835,
by
G.
Weil,
Stuttgart
1863,
translated
and
edited
by
C.
Barbier
de Meynard, Paris 1876. Printed. in Beirut 1314, Istanbul with Turkish
translation
in
1286,
Beirut
1293,1322
and
Cairo
1321
with commentary
Qalglid
al-adab
by Mirza
Ysuf Khan
Asix5.
I
13
-
Nawabigh
al-kalim
This
work
has
been
edited
and
illustrated
by
H.
A. Schultensq
Leiden
1772;
Nmiabigh
al-kalim
(Anthologia
sententiamum
arabicarum
cum
scholiis
op
Zamachsjaxii
ed.,
vertit,
llustravit
H.
A.
Schultens);
Les
Pensees
de
Z,,
text
arabe,
par
C. Barbier
de Meynard,
in J.
A.
ser.,
vii., vol.
Vi-,
P.
3Usqq.;
of.
de
Goege,
in Z. D,
M. G.,
569
sqq.;
lith.
Stambul
1866.
Printed
in
Cairo
1287,1305
.-
Beirut
13067
and
Cairo
1960
-
1961.
1.
Ygqt,
op. cit.,
Joe.
cit.
2,
Brockelmann,
op.
cit.,
Vol-
4t
p.
1207.
3-
Zamakhsharil,
al-Keshsh-af, vol.
1,
P-
368.
Zamakhsharl',
Kit9b
atwaq al-dhahab
fl
al-mawa?
iz
wa
al-khitab,
Paris
1876,
P.
176.
5a,
B:
ockelmann, op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
6.
Zamakhshax"l,
al-Kashsh-af,
vol.
1,
p.
297;
but
YgqZt,
op. cit'.,
loc.
cit., mentions al-Kalim
al-naw7a-bigh
f
al-mawaciz.
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
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-
23
-
1
The
commentaries
on
this
work
are various
14
-
Mcjaddimat
al-adab
2
This
work
was
edited
by J.
G.
Sipaphansalar
and
'published
in Leipzig
1844
3,
Tehran
1342.
According-to
information
given
by*Ab
j4US*t*,
there
is
another
volume
of
this
work
in
HS
form
which
is
preserved
in
Dgr
al-Kutub
al-Misriyya,
under majmat
al-lugha,
no.
272
and
58
4.
It
was
also
edited
by
Mohammad
Kazem
Emam
and
published
in Tehran
1963
-
1965-
15
-
KhasPis
al-fasharatal-kir3m al-baTaTa5
It
was
edited
by
Dr.
Bah-ijah
al-Hasan'll, and
published
in
Baghd5d
1968.
16
-
al-QistZs al-mustaq
m_fl'
film
al-ar;
J
The above work was edited by Dr. Bahijah al-HaSanl and published
in
Baghdad
1969
8
Brookelmann,
op.
cit.,
Joe.
cit.
2. Ibn
Khallik9n,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.;
but Y;
qt, op. cit.,
loc.
cit.,
states
Muqaddimat
al-adab
f
al-lugha.
3-
Brockeimann,
op.
cit.
loc.
cit.
4-
Cf.
AbU
14-usg,
al-Bal;
ghat
al-qurGniyya
fi
tafsl'r
al-Zamakhshari,
Cairo
(nd,.
),
P.
47.
5.
Brockelmann,
oj2.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
6. cf. asani
,
Khasg3is al. asharat al-kirgm al-barara li
al-Zamakhsharl,
salsila
kutub
al-turath,
Baghdad
1968,
rio.
10.
7- Ibn
Khallik9n,
o_p.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
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-
24
-
17
al-Durar
al-dPir al-muntakhab
Ci
kinayat
wa
istV;
r;
t
wa
tashbih3t
al-gArab
1
This
work
was edited
by
Dr.
Bgh-ijah
al-Hasan'l, and
published
in
Baghdad
1968
2
18
-
Maq;
mt
f
al-mawa-ciz3
The
work
was
published
in
Cairo
1313,1325-
It
was
translated
by
0.
Rescher,
Beitr'ge
zux
Maqamenliteratur,
fasc.
6,
Greifswald
1913.
This
work
is
also
known
as
al-Nas;
lih
al-kibaT4.
19
-
Sharh
al-maqmgt
It
was published
on
the
margin of al-Maqama
,
Cairo
edition
1313,
13255.
6
20
-
Sharh
abyat
kitab
Sibawaih
0
The
M
of
this
work
is
preserved
in
Ahmad
37,
Istanbul.
Dr.
Bahijah
states
that
the
work
is being
edited
by
Dr.
4Abdull7ah
Darwish
8
1.
-Brockelmann,
Geschichte'der-Arabischen
Litteratur,
Leiden
1937-42,
suPPl-
1,
P-
511.
2.
See 14aialla
Majmat
al-tilml al-EIT3q ,
1968,
vol.
16.
yaqut,
-P-P.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
Brockelmann,
al-Zamakhsharil
in
Encylopaedia
of
Islam,
vol-
4p
1207.
5. Ibid.
6.
Ibn
Khallik3n,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
7.
See
YAjalla
Ylajma
sl-ilm'
31Trg
al, Vol.
15,
P-
91.
7/24/2019 A Critical edition of Ru'us al-Masa'il by Zamakhshari
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-
25
-
21
-
Nukt
al-j'crib
fi-
gharib
al-itT9b
(fi
gharlib,
al
QuT35n)-l
Dr. Bahijah
also
mentions
that
the
above
work
is being
edited
by
-2
Mr. ,Abdull7ah DarwIsh
22
-
Rabirt
al-abr;
r3
This
work was
edited
by
Dr.
Bahijah
al-Hasan
for
the degree
of
Ph.
D.,
Cambxidge4.
23
-
Kit;
b
nuzhat
ol-mutalannis
wa nuzhat al-
6
The
M
of
this
work
is
preserved
in
the
Ayb Sofia
q
no.
4331
1
24
-
Mlw-an
al-shitj
The
above
work
remains
in
MS
form
which
is
preserved
in
DFr
al-
kutub al-Masriyya, no, 529 (adab). The M consists of 120 folios, in
clear
naskhi writing.
25
-
Ru)s
al-masglil
The
work
which
is
pTesented
in this thesis.
1.
Ygqt,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
2.
See Majalla
YajmaO
al-film-i al-11raqi,
vol.
15,
P-
94-
3-
Ibn
Qutlubugha,
op.
cit.
',
loc.
cit.;
but Ygqt,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.,
mentions
Rabl$
al-abrgr
f3i
al-adab va
al-muh5dar;
t.
4-
Cf.
Paterson,
Index
to
theses
Vol.
15,
p.
23.
5- Brookelmann, op. cit., loc. cit.; but Yaq; t, op. cit., loc. cit.
states
Fuzhatal-m-usta-Inis.
6.
Ibid.
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26
-
11
6
-
al-minhgj
fl
al-us9l
2
Brockelmann
states
that
the
above
work
is in
Lundb
27
-
Mukhtasar
al-muw-afaqa
baina
ahl
al-bait
wa
al-salaba3
This
work remains
in
MS
form
which
is
preserved
in the Library
of
Ahmad
Timor4.
5
28
-
al-Qasidat
al-batudiyya.
6
is
Preserved
in
Berlin
29
-
MasPil
al-Ghaz;,,:,
7
The
work
also
is
preserved
in
Berlin
8.
30
-
al-Kashf
fl
al-qir;
';
t9
The
above
work
is
preserved
in
Medina,
Maktaba Rib9t
Sayyid
'UtImign .
1,
Ibn Khallik3n,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.;
but
Brockelmann, Geschichte
der
Arabischen
Litteratur,
supp.
1,
P.
513t
mentions
el-Ifinhaj
fi
us;
1
al-din.
2.
Brockelmann,
op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
3- Ygqt,
ot-
cit.,
loc.
cit.
Brockelmann,
al-Zamakhsharl
in
Encycloppedia
of
Islam,
vol,
4,
p.
1207.
5. AbU MsE, OP- cit-, P. 56.
6.
Ibid.
7.
Ibid.
B.
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-
27
-
31
-
Jawahir
al-lugha
Unknown
2.
32
-
al-Am;
11:
Unkno,
m4.
33
-
Hashiya
falg
al-mufassal
6
Unknown
v
34
-
Kit; b
al-ainas7
Unknown
8.
35
-
Kitab
mutashabih
Casm3l
al-=wgt9-
Unknown
10
.
36.
-
al-Ra Jid
fl
tilm
al-farglid
Unknown
12
.
1.
Yaqut,
op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
2*
Ab 115s3t
OP. cit.,
P.
49-
3. Ibn
Q41abughajj2p,
cit.,
Joe.
cit.;
but
Ibn
khallik9n,
op. cit.
Vol-
5,
p.
169,
states
al-Amall
f, kul
fan; YgqUt,
013. cit.,
loc.
cite mentions al-Amall
fI
al-nahw.
4-
Ab5
Musa,
OP- cit-,
P-
50-
5-
Ygqt,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
6.
See
Majalla
Yajmal
al-9ilmTal-Ijr9j,
Vol.
15,
P.
94-
7.
YgqUt,
op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
8.
AbU
Isg,
OP* cite,
P.
49.
9.
YaqUt,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
10.
Ab MUsg,
OP-
cit-,
P-
57.
11.
YZqUt,
op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
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28
-
17
1
37
-
Sarnim
l--farabiyya
Unknown
2.
38
-
Mulljam
al-hudUd3
Unknown4.
39
-
191lat
al-nashid
Unknown
6.
40
-D-I:
wan
rasali17
Unknown
8.
41
-
Biwan
khitab
Unknown10
.
42
-
Diwan
al-tamthil
Unknown
12
.
1. Ygq5t
op.
cit.
loc.
cit.
2
AbU IlUsE
op.
cit.
loc.
cit.
3-
ygq5t
OP-
cit-
loc-
cit-
4-
AbU
Ms3
oj2. cit.
loc.
cit.
5.. Y;
qt
o12.
cit.
loc.
cit.
6.
AbU
M5s3
OP.
cit. P.
50.
7. YaqUt
op. cit.
loc.
cit.
8.
Abu
Mus;
op.
cit-9
P.
56.
g.
Ygqt
op. cit.
loc.
cit.
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29
-
43
-
Tasliat
al-dariTr
.0
UnImown
.
44
-
Ris3lat
a_asr;
r3
Unknown4.
45
-
al-Risalat al-n3siha5
Unknown
0
46
-,
Sawa-lir
aj_amtj-aj7
I-8
Unknown
47
-
Ris;
lat
al-maslama9
Unknown
10
.
48
-
Ritab
takl
al-kul
Unknown
12
1.
y9qutj
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
2. AbU Iu sg, op. cit., loc., cit.
3* Ygq5t,
OP-
cit-,
loc-
cit-
4-
AbU
MUsg,
op. cit.,
loc.
cit.
5-
YaqUt,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
6.
Abu
Musa,
OP- cit-,
P.
56.
7.
YaqUt,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.
8.
AbU
Mgsg,
op.
cito,
loc.
cit.
90
Y_aqUt,
op.
cito,
loc.
cit.
10.
AbU 1,
:usg,
op.
cit.,
loc,
cit.
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-
49
-
Shaq;
liq
al-nucm-an
fl haq;
liq
al-nufm3n
fi
manaqib
Abi
Han
fa
2
Unknown
q3
50
-
Shgfi4
al-av mi,
kalam
al-Shafil i.
Unknown4.
Zamakhsharllp
travels
Zamakhsharil.
was
under
instruction
of
AbU Iludir
when
he
was
in
0
Khwarizm.
It
seems
that
he had
studied
various
subjects
which
brought
him
confidence
and
skill, so
that
eventually-he
become
proud
of
his
intellectual
abilitY5.
He
felt that
he
was
being
slighted
when
he
looked
at contemporary
scholars who had been given good positions in the goverment and
material
rewards.
He
was
eager
to
be
in
the
same position
as
they
were.
In
order
to
attain
this
he
tried
to
ingratiate himself
with
kingg-and
some notable members
of-the
government
by
celebrating
them
in
poems.
Among
those
who
were praised
by him
was
vizier
Nizam
al-Mulk,
0
who was given absolute
power
by Malik Shah
to
run
the
country
6
Yaq5t,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit.;
but Ibn
Rhallik5n,
oR. cit.,
loc.
cit., mentions
ShaqPiq
al-nugmanfl
haq;
3iq
al-nulman.
2.
Ab;
ITRsg,
op.
cit.,
loc.
cit,
3-- Zemakhsharir, al-Rashsh3f, vol. 1, P. 376.
4.
Ab
M58;,
OP.
Cit.,
loc.
cit.
This
attitude
can
be
found
in
what
he
says
in his
elw3n,
ff.
8a,
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1
He
praised
him
and was rewarded
The
material
reward
which
he
got
could not satisfy
him, because
his
aim
in doing
it
was
not only
to
obtain a reward
but
a
position as
well.
As he
realised
that
the
Vizier
was not much
interested in
him,
he
made
a
complaint
to
him,
hoping
it
would
help him to
attain
his
purpose,
by
accusing
those
who
2
had
gained posts
in
goverment
of
being less
capable
than he
was
Unfortunately his
efforts
to
obtain a
position
in
Kharizm
failed.
3
He
was
frustrated
and
decided
to
leave
the
country
for
ever
; although
he felt that
it
was
very
difficult
for
him4
,
inevitably he
had to
accept
it
because
he
had
no position
in
his
country.
He
left Khwarizm
in
frustration,
but
his desire to
obtain a
position,
if there
were
any opportunity,
remained
in his
mind.
When
he
arrived
in
Khur;
*san
he
praised
some members
of
the
govermentgamong*
'1 '5
hom were Mujir al-Daulah
Ab
al-Fath
Malik
Shah al-Ardastnl and
6
MLfayyid
al-Mulk Ubaidul27ah
b.
Nizam
al-Mulk
As
he
was not
succes-
sful-in
Khui-as-an
either,
he
eventually
decided to
leave
Khurgbn
for
Isfahan,
where
he honouxed in
verse
theZaljuk Muhammad
Abli
al-Fath
Malik
Shah
for his'good
service
to Islam,
but
appeared
not
to
ask
for
anything
from
him7.
1.
Cf.
Za
2.
Ibid.
3.
Ibid.
4-
Ibid.,
5- Ibid.,
6.
Ibid.
,
7.
Ibid.
9
makh
-ff.
fo.
fo.
fo.
fo.
ff
.
shari,
Diwan,
fo- 13b.
95a,
95b.
37b.
13b.
23b.
97b.
86a.,
86b.
t
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In the
year
512
H. he
suffered
severely
from
a
kind
of
disease
which.
he
called al-mundhira
(-warning).
This
suffering caused
him
to
understand his own behaviour during his previous career.
Remembering this,
indeed, he felt
guilty about
his
greed
for
position and
material
reward
as
a result of
praising
kings
and
some
members of
the
goverment.
He
realised
that
so
far he
had
co=itted
sin and
needed
to be
cleaned,
so
he
repented
and
promised not
to
repeat
his
sin
if he
were
2
released
from his
suffering
After
his
discovery
about
himself,
he
decided to
go
to Mecca,
where
he
could
stay
quietly
devoting
himself
in
worship and repentance
1
3.
to
God
He
met
Ibn
Wahh;
s
in
Mecca,
was
given
hospitality by him,
and
was
under
his
protection
while
he
lived
there4. Ibn
wahh3s
was
one
of the members, of noble families and Amirs of Mecca who had composed
several valuable compositions
in,
poetry
and
prose5.
He
stayed
two
years
in
Mecca,
and within
this
period
he had
the
opportunity
to
visit
several places
in Arabia,
as
he
said,
01 have
6
stepped
in
all
the dust
of
ArabiaO
After
spending
some years
in
Mecca,
he
was
so
affected
by
the
memory
of
his birthplace7that
he
did
not
have
the
patience
to
stay
1,
Cf. Zamakhshaxi,
14aq;
m;
tt
p.
6.
2,
Ibid.
3-
Cf. Zamakhsharl s
blw3n,
ff.
42a, 42b.
4- Ibid., fo. Ia.
5-
Cf- Yqt,
OP.
cit.,
vol.
5,
p.
287.
0.
Cf. Zamakhsharip,
Asgs
al-balgha,
Cairo
1972t
vol.
1,
P-
78-
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much
longer;
therefore he
made
up
his
mind
to
leave the
place.
His
old
dream
of
getting a
high
position
struck
him
again
when
he
had
returned
to
Khwarizm. In
ordet
to
reach
his
aim
he
started
to
praise
Muhammad Khwarizm
Shah
the
governor of
Khwarizm
at
that
time
0
for his
concern
for literature
and
science
After
the
governor
died
he
was
replaced
by
his
son
Atsiz
who
later
was also
consulted and cele-
brated by
Zamakhsharl
for
his interest in literature
and
science and
his
respect
for
scholars
2.
He
also
wrote
a
book
Muqaddimat
al-adab at
the
comnnnd of
Atsij.
It
appears
that
during
the
reign
of
Xhwarizm
Shah
and
his
son
Atsiz
Zamakhsharl
did
get
a
position
in
Khwarizm
even
though
he
was
not satisfied
with
what
he
had
gained and
regarded
it
as nothing4.
So
he
bitterly
blamed
himself
for
leaving
Mecca
for
the
sake