NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

PEDRO RUIZ GALLO

HUMAN MEDICINE FACULTY

PROFFESSOR : DRA. ROSA GONZALES LLONTOP

STUDENTS:

BALLENA RÁZURI, LUIS ANDRÉ.

CORONADO VIDARTE, KRISTIAN ALBERT.

DÁVILA DÍAZ, JOB JOEL.

SALINAS GUTIÉRREZ , CINTHYA.

SUYÓN DELGADO, ALEXANDRA.

YONG CADENA, HUGO ALBERTO.

GROUP 09

MALNUTRITION IN THE PERUVIAN

COAST AND JUNGLE

CHRONIC MALNUTRITION

CHRONIC MALNUTRITION

is

an indicator of a country's development

Achieve its reduction will help

to ensure

the development

of

physical

intellectual emotional

social

Children

This indicator is determined by comparing the size of the

girl or boy with that expected for their age and

sex.

In the framework of the Budget Result, chronic malnutrition is an indicator of outcome and is used

to analyze the achievements Articulated Nutrition.

Standard Reference NCHS2 /

Chronic malnutrition is the state in which girls and boys,

are short relative to a reference population

reflects the cumulative

effects

inadequate food and nutrient

intake

repeated episodes of illness

and the interaction

between themFor 2007-2010 2010

the national chronic malnutrition has fallen

by 4.7 percentage points

from 22.6 to 17.9 percent

By 2010 a breakdown of children under five years of age in two

groups

shows that the proportion of chronic malnutrition is somewhat higher in the second age group,

19.4 percent versus 16.9 percent

for the group of under 36 months.

GRAPHIC No. 01 PERU: RATIO UNDER 5 chronic malnutrition, STANDARDIZED REFERENCE NCHS, 2000, 2007, 2009 AND 2010

the results

of the DHS 2007

DHS 2010

shows

a decrease Continuing, being much higher in

rural areas.Between 2007

and 2009

chronic malnutrition in urban areas rose from 11.8

percent to 10.1 percent

decreasing by 1.7 percentage points

while that in rural areas decreased from 36.9 to 31,

3 percent.

which means 5.6 percentage points.

By natural region, shows the trend found

in different investigations

concerning the behavior of the socioeconomic and

demographic variables related

to chronic malnutrition.

Mountain region

is the one with the highest percentage

chronic malnutrition

27.6 percent

of

21.7 percent

Coast region

which has the lowest

percentage

10.3 percent

Jungle region

GRAPHIC No. 02 PERU: RATIO UNDER 5 chronic malnutrition, BY AREA OF RESIDENCE AND NATURAL REGION, 2007, 2009 AND 2010

Resistance Area natural region

the education of the mother

Is one variable that influences the level of chronic malnutrition of

children

the higher the educational level

6.2 percent in children of mothers with higher

education

32 , 5 percent in those

malnutrition observed smaller percentage

of

primary education or no education.

with

TREATED WATER

Another variable associated

the level of chronic malnutrition is the

availability

withIS

The 25.3 percent of children under five years of age

with chronic malnutrition consume water without

treatment.

Chronic malnutrition is lower when consuming water treated

with chlorine residual

5.6 percent

meanwhile

that the 19.0 percent consume boiled water, public network

(17.5 percent)

and other sources (23 , 5 percent)

Wealth quintile

we can see

that the rates of chronic malnutrition are high in the

lowest quintile (35.9 percent)

in the second quintile

21.3 percent

corresponding to the top quintile only 2.9 per percent of children

with chronic malnutrition.

In 2010

girls and children under five years old living in the National Program of Direct Support to the poorest

TOGETHER

have more than twice the rate of chronic malnutrition

(38.0 percent)

which the whole country (17.9

percent)

In 2007, chronic malnutrition was 42.1

percent

in 2010 reached 38.0 percent

representing in this period decreased 4.1 percentage points.

Chronic malnutrition departmental

huan

cave

lica

caja

mar

ca

huan

uco

apur

imac

ayac

ucho

tacn

a

moq

uegu

alim

a0

10

20

30

40

50

Chronic malnutrition

Chronic M.

Tacna, Moquegua and Lima had the lowest levels of chronic

malnutrition (2.4, 4.8 and 6.2 percent respectively).

At the departmental level, higher

levels of chronic malnutrition in children under five years are

presented

taking into account the value of the national

baseline for this indicator (22.6 percent)

implemented in 2007, the results of the

Continuous DHS 2010

show that levels of malnutrition in eleven

departments are for above the baseline:

HuancavelicaCajamarcaHuánucoApurimacAyacuchoCuscoJunínLoreto PascoUcayaliAncash

In five departments, malnutrition levels are below the baseline but

higher than the goal to be reached in 2011 (16.0 percent)

AmazonasSan MartinLa

LibertadPiuraPuno

Meanwhile, eight departments that

show lower levels of malnutrition to 16, 0 percent, which is

the national goal.

Standard Reference OMS3 /

In 2006, the World Health Organization, recommended a

new benchmark known as WHO Patron

this pattern is more demanding in certain periods

of growth in children

resulting in the estimation of chronic malnutrition

using this pattern reference is greater than

the estimated NCHS4 pattern.

Using the OMS standard

chronic malnutrition affected 23.2 percent of children under five years

old

this would reflect a downward trend

when compared with 2007

which recorded 28.5 percent of

malnutrition chronic.

GRAPHIC No. 03 PERU: RATIO UNDER 5 chronic malnutrition, STANDARDIZED REFERENCE WHO, 2000, 2007, 2009 AND 2010

By area of residence

chronic malnutrition affected a greater proportion of girls and rural children (38.8

percent)

means, 2.8 times more than in urban areas (14.1 percent)

By natural region

the Sierra

has the highest proportion of chronic malnutrition (34.4

percent)

Forest region

(28.5 percent)

Lima metropolitan and the rest sub-region

has the lowest percentages Costa, 2000, 2007, 2009 AND

2010

(8.6 and 14.9 percent,

respectively)

On the other hand, chronic malnutrition affected more strongly to children of

mothers with no education and primary level (40.4 percent)

GRAPHIC No. 04 PERU: RATIO UNDER 5 chronic malnutrition, BY AREA OF RESIDENCE AND NATURAL REGION, 2007, 2009 AND 2010

Malnutrition

departmental

At the departmental

level

higher levels of chronic malnutrition in children under five years

using the OMS reference standard are

presented

Huancavelica (54.6 percent) Cajamarca (40.5 percent)Ayacucho (38.8 percent)Apurimac (38.6 percent)Huánuco (37.4 percent)

Conversely, Tacna, Moquegua and Lima had the lowest levels of chronic malnutrition (3.0, 5.7 and

8.9 percent respectively).

ANEMIA

Anemia is a condition in which blood lacks sufficient red blood cells.

An iron deficiency in the daily diet is more than half the total number of cases

of anemia.

Peru: Proportion of children from 6 to less than 36 months old with anemia as natural area, 2007, 2009 and 2010.

COAST HIGHLAND JUNGLE

SOURCE: INEI, National Population and Family Health DHS 2007, 2009 and 2010.

BREAST MILK

BREAST MILK

A

• Provides essential nutrients for the first 6 months of life

B• Immunization of

different diseases

C

• Its absence causes acute childhood malnutrition

GRAPHIC No. 01PERU: PROPORTION OF LESS THAN SIX MONTHS

Exclusively breastfed, 2007, 2009 AND 2010

MOUNTAINS

COAST JUNGLEURBAN RURAL

AREA OF RESIDENCE NATURAL REGION

SOURCE: INEI, National Population and Family Health DHS 2007, 2009 and 2010.

Forest, 77.6 percent, has the highest

proportion in contrast to that observed in the

Coast

ON THE COAST IS A GREATER

RISK FACTOR FOR MALNUTRITION DUE TO

LACK OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEE

DING

PREVALENCE OF INFECTION

ACUTE RESPIRATORY(IARs)

PREVALENCE OF INFECTIONACUTE RESPIRATORY(IARs)

A• Malnutrition decreases the

body's defenses

B

• Microorganisms infect the respiratory tract and the body has few defenses to combat

C

• The highest proportion of respiratory infections, is in the jungle and in urban areas

PREVALENCE OF INFECTIONACUTE RESPIRATORY(IARs)

GRAPHIC No. 02PERU: PROPORTION OF CHILDREN UNDER 36 MONTHS IN TWO WEEKS

PRIOR TO THE IAR HAD SURVEY BY AREA OF RESIDENCE ANDNATURAL AREA, 2007, 2009 AND 2010

URBAN RURAL COAST MOUNTAINS

JUNGLE

AREA OF RESIDENCE

NATURAL REGION

SOURCE: INEI, National Population and Family Health DHS 2007, 2009 and 2010.

NATIONALLY, THE HIGHEST PROPORTION OF UNDER-36 MONTHS

OF AGE WITH ARF ARE

PRESENTED INDEPARTMENT

S IN THE JUNGLE FROM THE COAST.

PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA

defined by World Health Organization

DIARRHEAhaving three or more loose or

liquid stools per day, or as having more stools than is

normal for that person

It is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of  infant deaths worldwide

The loss of fluids  through diarrhea

dehydration

electrolyte disturbances

can cause

In Peru the highest prevalence of diarrhea is

found in

Jungle

Mountain

children are less exposed to

disease

in rural and coastal areas

1 in 1.6 children will experience an

episode of rotavirus diarrhea

1 in 9.4 will

seek medical

care

1 in 19.7 will require hospitalizat

ion

1 in 375 will die of

the disease

Peruvian children In their first 5 years of life

IN A YEAR THIS REPRESENTS APPROXIMATELY

384,000 cases 64,000 clinic visits 30,000 hospitalizations 1,600 deaths

PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA BY DEPARTMENT

Lore

to

San

Mar

tin

Mad

re d

e Dio

s

Amaz

onas

Pasc

o

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Serie 1

Serie 3

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

Low-birthweight babies

newborns weighing less

than 2,500 grams

are

children who were born with a LBW

may experience

stunted growth

cognitive problems

chronic diseases in later life

• Low-birthweight babies (% of births) was:

• Its highest value over the past 25 years was 12.00 in 1986

• Its lowest value was 5.80 in 1995

IN PERU

8.00 as of 2010

PERU: PROPORTION OF LIVE BIRTHS IN THE LAST 5 YEARSPRIOR TO SURVEY WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (<2.5 KG.), 2000,

2007, 2009 AND 2010

URBAN RURAL COAST MOUNTAINS

JUNGLE

AREA OF RESIDENCE

NATURAL REGION

PERU: PERCENTAGE OF LIVE BIRTHS IN THE LAST 5 YEARS PRIOR TO SURVEY WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (<2.5 KG.), AS

AREA OF RESIDENCE AND NATURAL REGION 2007, 2009 AND 2010

• The proportion of newborns with LBW increased in rural areas (0.9 percentage point)

• decreased (0.7 percentage point) in the urban area.

When comparing with the ENDES 2007

JUNGLEpresents a proportion above the national average (8.8 percent)

HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO TREATED

WATER

Water has a close relationship

with the life of the

People.

It is an essential agent or health

disease.

Households with access to treated water

Nationally, nine out of ten households (91.5 percent) have access to safe water.

According natural region, the proportion of households with access to water in the forest region is 75.3 percent.

COASTAL

REGION

MOUNTAINOUS REGION

JUNGLE REGION

SOURCE: INEI, National Population and Family Health DHS 2000, 2007, 2009 and 2010.