3D –modelling at the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK)

E Laine, A Pasanen & 3D team at GTK

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Contents1. GTK – Geological Survey of Finland2. GTK’s 3D geological model storage3. Examples4. Future: CEM and fracture simulation

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GTK’s organisation 2014

10 March 2014

Corporate ServicesFinancial Administration

Human Resources

General Administration

IT Services

Technical Services

Director’s Staff Director General ManagementGroup

Board

Ministry ofEmployment and

the Economy

Northern Finland Office

InformationServices

Bedrock Geology andResources

Land Use andEnvironment

SouthernFinlandOffice

InformationServices

Bedrock Geology andResources

Land Use andEnvironment

ResearchLaboratory

Eastern Finland Office

InformationServices

BedrockGeology andResources

Land Use andEnvironment

MineralProcessing

Western Finland Office

Land Use andEnvironment

Energy andResources

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10 March 2014

• Permanent staff – Southern Finland 237– Western Finland 35– Eastern Finland 189– Northern Finland 99

560• Temporary staff 24

Total 584

GTK’s staff on 1 January 2014

Western Finland Office

Espoo

Outokumpu

Kuopio

Rovaniemi

Loppi

Kokkola

Southern Finland Office

Northern FinlandOffice

Eastern FinlandOffice

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10 March 2014

GTK’s regional priorities and profiles• Regional offices have close links

to regional planning and the business sector.

• Research activities and services are defined on the basis of regional development plans and business priorities.

• Our major aims are to develop and maintain an internationally competitive business environment and to promote employment in regional counties. Espoo

Outokumpu

Kuopio

Rovaniemi

Loppi

Kokkola

Environment and extractive industry

Exploration and mining

Urban geology and international projects

Land use and energy sectors

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10 March 2014

GTK – national centre for geoscience data

Data acquisition - Information management - Web-based delivery

GTK data collection

GTK’sGeoKernelLocal government

Universities

Mining companies

Other sources

Informationservices

Geodata fromExternal sources

The science community

Business andconsultants

Society

Demand-driven surveying

programmes

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Introduction• 3D-modelling in Finland has been traditionally related to ore

modelling and evaluation• New applications have been introduced in recent years

– Eg. Regional, local and site scale 3D-models, Nuclear waste site models at Olkiluoto

• Computerized 3D ore modelling has been done since 1980.

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Main geological units in Finland(Very) brief stratigraphy of Finland

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Harri Kutvonen/ GTK

Precambrian crystalline bedrock mainly older than 1.8 Ga

Quaternary

Gap for 1.5 to 1.8 Ga

Applications• Main research themes that use 3D-modelling in GTK are:

– Ore exploration– Environmental investigations

• Environmental studies in mining sites– Groundwater

• Flow modelling and (reactive) transport modelling– Urban geology

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3D geological model storage at GTK

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Regional 3D modeling targets &Olkiluoto nuclear waste site (underconstruction)

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An example from central Lapland

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3D model of the Kittilä terrane and surrounding geological blocks used in the modeling. View from the northwestand Kittilä terrane gravity model from the northeast. Modeling profiles are presented in both images.

Tero Niiranen, Ilkka Lahti and Vesa Nykänen, 2014. 3D model of the Kittilä terrane and adjacent structures. In: 2014 Central Lapland Greenstone Belt 3D modeling project final report edited by Tero Niiranen, Ilkka Lahti, Vesa Nykänen and Tuomo Karinen. Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Tutkimusraportti 209 – Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 209.

An example from Pyhäsalmi-Vihanti region

By Jouni Luukas 2013, a 3D model built for the ProMine project http://promine.gtk.fi

An example from the Outokumpu area

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Laine, E. (ed.) 2012. 3D modeling of polydeformed and metamorphosed rocks: the old Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn mine area as a case study. Geological Survey of Finland. Report of Investigation 195, 77 pages, 66 figures and 1 table

Applications• Groundwater

• Patamäki, Kokkola, Western Finland

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The Patamäki 3D geological model of Patamäki groundwater area (red = bedrock, light brown = moraine, dark green = gravel, lila = silt, light green = sand, darker light green = fine sand) (Okkonen et al., 2011)

Applications• Groundwater• Patamäki: hydraulic conductivity

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Hydraulic conductivity in the Patamäki area (Okkonen et al., 2011).

Hydraulic conductivity m/s

Applications• Groundwater• Patamäki: accident scenarios (Okkonen

et al. 2011)

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Applications• Mine environment/

groundwater• Luikonlahti Mine, Kaavi,

Eastern Finland (Pasanen et al, 2012 in prep.)

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BedrockBedrock and fractured bedrockQuaternary sediments

Applications• Groundwater• Pursiala,

Mikkeli, Eastern Finland (Hyvönen et al. Pers. Comm)

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Bedrock surfaceTop of tillTop of coarse gravel, glaciofluvial

Top of medium gravel and coarse sand, glaciofluvial

Top of medium and fine sand, glaciofluvial

Top of medium and fine sand, glaciofluvial-glaciolacustrine

Current ground surface

Applications• Urban geology• Suurpelto, Espoo

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The thickness of fine sediments in the Suurpelto area and geological cross sections along the marked lines (Ojala et al. 2007).

Future

• Regional 3D database of selected targets? • More numerical 3D modeling using CEM• Development of 3D modeling practices

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A work flow for high performace computing

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Mesh toolsGeological modelstranformed to grids

Geostatisticalsimulation

Forward and inverse modeling

Iterative processin order to builda 3D CEM grid

User interface!!for CSC computers

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Fracture simulations

Geologically realistic fractureproperties and their distributions

Fracture simulation

Transformation into a FEM grid in order to solve fracture related physicaland chemical processes in a rock mass