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RULES FORCLASSIFICATION OF

SHIPS

NEWBUILDINGS

MACHINERY AND SYSTEMSMAIN CLASS

PART 4 CHAPTER 10

FIRE SAFETYJULY 2004

CONTENTS PAGE

Sec. 1 Gener! Re"#$re%en&' ................................................................................................................ (Sec. 2 F$re S)e&* Me'#re' )+r Cr,+ S-$' +) Le'' T-n (00 Gr+'' T+nn,e.................................. /Sec. F$re S)e&* Me'#re' )+r Cr,+ S-$' +) (00 Gr+'' T+nn,e n A+3e............................... 11Sec. 4 F$re S)e&* Me'#re' )+r I''#e +) SOLAS S)e&* Cer&$)$c&e'................................................. 1A. A In&erre&&$+n' n C!r$)$c&$+n' &+ SOLAS C-. II2.............................................................. 1(

A. B F$5e G' F$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, S*'&e%' ..................................................................................... 22A. C H$,- E5n'$+n n In'$e A$r F+% S*'&e%' ........................................................................ 2(

DETNORS6E 7ERITAS

7er$&'3e$en 18 NO122 H93$:8 N+r;* Te!.< =4> ?> (> // 00 F5< =4> ?> (> // 11

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INTRODUCTIONGeneral

T-e E5ec#&$3e B+r r+3e &-$' ne; c-&er $n J#ne 2004. T-e'er#!e' c+%e $n&+ )+rce +n 1 Jn#r* 200(.

T-$' c-&er $' 3!$ #n&$! '#er'ee * re3$'e c-&er. S#!e%en&' ;$!! n+& e $''#e e5ce& )+r n #&e !$'& +) %$n+r %en%en&' n c+rrec&$+n' re'en&e $n P&.0 C-.1 Sec.. P&.0 C-.1 $'n+r%!!* re3$'e $n Jn#r* n J#!* ec- *er.

Re3$'e c-&er' ;$!! e )+r;re &+ !! '#'cr$er' &+ &-e r#!e'.

B#*er' +) rer$n&' re 3$'e &+ c-ec: &-e #&e !$'& +) r#!e c-&er' r$n&e P&.0 C-.1 Sec.1 &+ en'#re &-& &-e c-&er $' c#rren&.

Introduction

T-$' ne; c-&er $' %+3e )r+% P&. C-. Sec.10.

In $&$+n8 DN7 ,#$e!$ne'@$n&erre&&$+n' +n )$re ')e&* $''#e'8 e.,.)+r e5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e%'8 -3e een re$n&r+#ce $n &-e r#!e'.

DN7 ,#$e!$ne'@$n&erre&&$+n' &+ SOLAS C-.II28 !#' !! re!e3n&IACS $n&erre&&$+n' &+ C-.II2 -3e een re$n'er&e $n &-e r#!e' ' en$ce'8 e$n, n $%!$c$& r& +) DN7' 'c+e ;-en '+#&-+r$'e * &-e )!, %$n$'&r&$+n &+ $''#e SOLAS S)e&*Cer&$)$c&e'.

DN7' $n&erre&&$+n' +) SOLAS +n -$,- e5n'$+n )+%e5&$n,#$'- $n, '*'&e%' -3e !'+ een #&e n !$,ne ;$&-cce&e $n#' &r* '&nr' ' +) &+*.

M$n c!'' )$re ')e&* r#!e' )+r cr,+ 3e''e!' (00 ,r+'' &+nn,e-3e een #&e &+ e $n !$ne ;$&- IACS In&ern! G#$e!$ne N+.2)+r '%!! 3e''e!'.

C+%%en&' &+ &-e r#!e' %* e 'en& * e%$! &+r u l e s@d nv . comF+r '#'cr$&$+n +rer' +r $n)+r%&$+n +#& '#'cr$&$+n &er%'8 !e'e #'ed i s t r i b u t io n @ d nv . comC+%re-en'$3e $n)+r%&$+n +#& DN7 n &-e S+c$e&*' 'er3$ce' $' )+#n & &-e We '$&e -&&< @@;;;.n3.c+%

De& N+r':e 7er$&'C+%#&er T*e'e&&$n, FM=SGML* De& N+r':e 7er$&'Pr$n&e $n N+r;*

If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to suchperson for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount eual to ten times the fee charged for the service in uestion, provided that the maximumcompen! sation shall never exceed "#D $ million.In this provision %Det Norske Veritas% shall mean the &oundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det

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Norske Veritas.

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'ules for #hips, (uly $))*+t.* h.-) ontents +age /

'ules for #hips, (uly $))*+t.* h.-) ontents +age *

DETNORS6E 7ERITASDETNORS6E 7ERITAS

CONTENTS

SEC. 1 GENERAL REUIRE!ENTS .......................... "

A.A##lication............................................................................."A 100A!$c&$+n........................................................................(

$. Sco#e o% &or'......................................................................."B 100C!''$)$c&$+n.....................................................................(B 200 SOLAS ')e&* cer&$)$c&e'.................................................(

C. Su()i**ion o% Docu)entation.............................................."C 100 Gener!..............................................................................(

D. De%inition*.............................................................................."D 100De)$n$&$+n'.........................................................................(

SEC. + FIRE SAFETY !EASURES FOR CARGOSHIPS OF LESS THAN",, GROSS TONNAGE....................................... -

A. General...................................................................................-A 100A!$c&$+n......................................................................../A 200 S#%$''$+n +) +c#%en&&$+n.........................................../

$. Su##re**ion o% Fire...............................................................-B 100 F$re #%'......................................................................../

D. SOLAS Re.II/+0 S)o'e Generation Potential andTo2icit3................................................................................ 14

D 100 P$n&'8 3rn$'-e' n +&-er )$n$'-e'8 r$%r* ec:c+3er$n,' .........................................................................1>

E. SOLAS Re.II/+04 Detection and Alar).......................... 14E 100 Gener! re"#$re%en&' ................ .................. ................... . 1>E 200 Pr+&ec&$+n +) %c-$ner* 'ce' ................ ................... ... 1>E 00 Pr+&ec&$+n +) cc+%%+&$+n n 'er3$ce 'ce' n

c+n&r+! '&&$+n' ................................................................1>

E 400 Re"#$re%en&' +) &-e FSS C+e C-. / F$5e )$ree&ec&$+n n )$re !r% '*'&e%' ...................... ............... 1

F. SOLAS Re.II/+05 Control o% S)o'e S#read.................. 15F 100 Pr+&ec&$+n +) c+n&r+! '&&$+n' +#&'$e

%c-$ner* 'ce' ............................................................ 1

G. SOLAS Re.II/+0- Contain)ent o% Fire........................... 15G 100 T-er%! n '&r#cr! +#nr$e'............................ ...... 1G 200 Pr+&ec&$+n +) +en$n,' $n )$rere'$'&$n, $3$'$+n' .......... 1

G 00 Pr+&ec&$+n +) +en$n,' $n %c-$ner* 'ce+#nr$e' ................................. ................. .................... . 1G 400 7en&$!&$+n '*'&e%' ................ .................. ................... .... 1

H. SOLAS Re.II/+01, Fire Fi6tin..................................... 1-

C.E*ca#e...................................................................................1,C 100 Men' +) e'ce..............................................................10

SEC. 7 FIRE SAFETY !EASURES FOR CARGOSHIPS OF ",, GROSS TONNAGEAND A$O8E....................................................... 11

A. General.................................................................................11A 100 A!$c&$+n............... ................... .................... ................ 11

A 200 S#%$''$+n +) +c#%en&&$+n.........................................11

$. !ean* o% E*ca#e..................................................................11B 100 Gener!............................................................................11B 200 Men' +) e'ce )r+% cc+%%+&$+n 'ce'8 'er3$ce

'ce' n c+n&r+! '&&$+n'..............................................11

B 00 Men' +) e'ce )r+% %c-$ner* 'ce' ........................11B 400 Men' +) e'ce )r+% r+r+ 'ce'.................. ...............12

C. Fire Control Plan*...............................................................1+C 100 F$re c+n&r+! !n'............................................................12

SEC. 9 FIRE SAFETY !EASURES FOR ISSUEOF SOLAS SAFETY CERTIFICATES........... 17

A. General.................................................................................17A 100 A!$c&$+n............... ................... .................... ................ 1A 200P#r+'e............................................................................1

A 00 Sc+e...............................................................................1A 400 S#%$''$+n +) +c#%en&&$+n.........................................1

APP. A INTERPRETATIONSANDCLARIFICATIONS

TO SOLAS CH. II/+ ..........................................................

1"

A. General.................................................................................1"

A 100A!$c&$+n......................................................................1(

$. SOLAS Re.II/+09 Pro(a(ilit3 o% Inition........................1"B 100 M$'ce!!ne+#' $&e%' +) $,n$&$+n '+#rce'

n $,n$&$!$&*................................................................1(

C. SOLAS Re.II/+0" Fire Gro:t6Potential.........................1"C 100 C+n&r+! +) $r '#!* n )!%%!e !$"#$

&+ &-e 'ce......................................................................1(

C 200 F$re r+&ec&$+n %&er$!'.................................................1(

B 200 F$re %$n' n -*rn&' ..................................................../ H 100 W&er '#!* '*'&e%' ................. ................. ...................B 00 F$re e5&$n,#$'-er' ............................................................../ H 200 P+r&!e )$re e5&$n,#$'-er' ................. ................. ............B 400 F$5e )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e%' ....................................10 H 00 F$5e )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e%' .............. ................... ...B (00 Cr,+ &n: r+&ec&$+n......................................................10 H 400 F$ree5&$n #$'-$n rrn e%en&' $n %c-$ner ' ce' ...B ?00 F$re)$,-&er' +#&)$&' ........................................................10 H (00 F$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, rrn,e%en&' $n cr,+ 'ce' ...........B >00 S&r#cr! )$re r+&ec&$+n .................................................10 H ?00 F$re)$,-&er' +#&)$&' .................. ................... ................. ..

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'ules for #hips, (uly $))*+t.* h.-) ontents +age *

DETNORS6E 7ERITASDETNORS6E 7ERITAS

I. SOLAS Re.II/+011 Structural Interit3.......................... +,

;. SOLAS Re.II/+01+ Noti%ication o% Cre:and Pa**ener*.................................................................... +,

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C 200 F$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e%' )+r cr,+ -+!' ................. ...22

C 00 CO2 -$,- re''#re )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e%' )+r%c-$ner* 'ce'............................................................22

D. Lo: Pre**ure CO2 S3*te)* ..............................................+7D 100 Gener!............................................................................2D 200Te'&$n,.............................................................................24

APP. C HIGH E?PANSION AND INSIDE AIRFOA! SYSTE!S ............................................................. +"

A. General................................................................................. +"

A 100 A!$c&$+n ................. .................. ................... ...............2(

A 200 W&er n )+% c+ncen&r&e '#!* '*'&e%' ................ ..2(

A 00 F+% ,ener&$n, c+%+nen&' n )+%,ener&+r r++% ................................................................2(

A 400 S*'&e% rrn,e%en& ................ ................. ................... .... 2(

A (00 Arrn,e%en& )+r %c-$ner* 'ce' ncr,+ #% r++%'...........................................................2?

A ?00 Arrn,e%en& )+r r+r+ 'ce' ................. ................. .......2?

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'ules for #hips, (uly $))*+t.* h.-) #ec.- +age 0

'ules for #hips, (uly $))*+t.* h.-) #ec.- +age 0

SECTION 1GENERAL REUIRE!ENTS

A. A##lication

A 1,, A##lication

1,1 Un!e'' e5!$c$&!* '&&e8 &-e re"#$re%en&' +) &-$'c-&er + n+& !* &+8 '%* e %ene * &-e Or,n$&$+n8 r+3$e &-& '#c-%en%en&' re +&e8 r+#,-& $n&+ )+rce n &:e e))ec& $ncc+rnce ;$&- &-e r+3$'$+n' +) r&$c!e 7III +) &-e re'en&C+n3en&$+n c+ncern$n, &-e %en%en& r+ce#re' !$c!e&+ &-e nne5 +&-er &-n c-&er I &-ere+).

SOLAS Re,. II2@.22

1+9 !ire #est $rocedures Code %en' &-e In&ern&$+n!C+e )+r A!$c&$+n +) F$re Te'& Pr+ce#re' ' +&e *&-e Mr$&$%e S)e&* C+%%$&&ee +) &-e Or,n$&$+n *re'+!#&$+n MSC.?1?>8 ' %* e %ene * &-eOr,n$&$+n8 r+3$ e &-& '#c- %en%en&' re +&e8r+#,-& $n&+ )+rce n &:e e))ec& $n cc+rnce ;$&- &-er+3$'$+n' +) r&$c!e 7III +) &-e re'en& C+n3en&$+nc+ncern$n, &-e %en%en& r+ce#re' !$c!e &+ &-enne5 +&-er &-n c-&er I &-ere+).

SOLAS Re,. II2@.2

1+" !lashpoint $' &-e &e%erre $n e,ree' Ce!'$#' c!+'ec# &e'& & ;-$c- r+#c& ;$!! ,$3e +)) en+#,- )!%%!e3+#r &+ e $,n$&e8 ' e&er%$ne * n r+3e )!'-+$n&r'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.24

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1+ %as carrier $' cr,+ '-$ c+n'&r#c&e +r &e n#'e )+r &-e crr$,e $n #!: +) n* !$"#e)$e ,' +r +&-err+ #c&' +) )!%%!e nre !$'&e $n c-&er 1/ +) &-eIn&ern &$+n! G' Crr$er C+e8 ' e)$ne $n re,#!&$+n7II@11.1.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.2(

1+4 &elideck $' #r+'e#$!& -e!$c+&er !n$n, re!+c& e +n '-$ $nc!#$n, !! '&r#cre8 )$re)$,-&$n,!$nce' n +&-er e"#$%en& nece''r* )+r &-e ')e

+er&$+n +) -e!$ c+&er'.SOLAS Re,. II2@.2?

1+5 &elicopter facility $' -e!$ec: $nc!#$n, n*re)#e!!$n, n -n,r )c$!$&$e'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.2>

1+- 'ighteight $' &-e $'!ce%en& +) '-$ $n &+nne';$&- +#& cr,+8 )#e!8 !#r$c&$n, +$!8 !!'& ;&er8 )re'-;&er n )ee;&er $n &n:'8 c+n'#%!e '&+re'8 n''en,er' n cre; n &-e$r e))ec&'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.2

17, 'o flame-spread %en' &-& &-e '#r)ce &-#'e'cr$e ;$!! e"#&e!* re'&r$c& &-e 're +) )!%e8 &-$'e$n, e&er %$ne $n cc+rnce ;$&- &-e F$re Te'&Pr+ce#re' C+e.SOLAS Re,. II2@.2/

171 (achinery spaces re %c-$ner* 'ce' +) c&e,+r* An +&-er 'ce' c+n&$n$n, r+#!'$+n %c-$ner*8 +$!er'8+$! )#e! #n$&'8 '&e% n $n&ern! c+%#'&$+n en,$ne'8,ener&+r' n %K+r e!ec&r$c! %c-$ner*8 +$! )$!!$n, '&&$+n'8re)r$,er& $n,8 '&$!$$n,8 3en&$!&$+n n $r c+n$&$+n$n,%c-$ner*8 n '$%$!r 'ce'8 n &r#n:' &+ '#c- 'ce'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.0

17+ (achinery spaces of category A re &-+'e 'ce' n&r#n:' &+ '#c- 'ce' ;-$c- c+n&$n e$&-er( :W

n* +$!)$re +$!er +r +$! )#e! #n$&8 +r n* +$!)$re e"#$%en& +&-er &-n +$!er'8 '#c- ' $ner& ,' ,ener&+r'8$nc$n er&+r'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.1

177 (ain vertical )ones re &-+'e 'ec&$+n' $n&+ ;-$c- &-e-#!!8 '#er'&r#cre n ec:-+#'e' re $3$e * A c!''$3$'$+n'8 &-e %en !en,&- n ;$&- +) ;-$c- +n n* ec:+e' n+& $n ,ener! e5cee 40 %.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.2

179 *on-combustible material $' %&er$! ;-$c- ne$&-er#rn' n+r ,$3e' +)) )!%%!e 3+#r' $n '#))$c$en& "#n&$&*)+r 'e!)$,n$&$+n ;-en -e&e &+ r+5$%&e!* >(0C8 &-$'e $n, e&er%$ne $n cc+rnce ;$&- &-e F$re Te'&Pr+ce#re' C+e.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.

17" +il fuel unit $' &-e e"#$%en& #'e )+r &-e rer&$+n+) +$! )#e! )+r e!$3er* &+ n +$!)$re +$!er8 +r e"#$%en'e )+r &-e rer&$+n )+r e!$3er* +) -e&e +$! &+ n$n&ern! c+%#' &$+n en,$ne8 n $nc!#e' n* +$! re''#re#%'8 )$!&er' n -e&er' e!$n, ;$&- +$! & re''#re +)%+re &-n 0.1 N@%%2.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.4

+il fuel unit $nc!#e' n* e"#$%en& #'e )+r &-e rer&$+nn e!$3er* +) +$! )#e!8 -e&e +r n+&8 &+ +$!er' $nc!#$n,

$n er& ,' ,ener&+r' n en,$ne' $nc!#$n, ,' r$ne' & re''#re +) %+re &-n 0.1 N@%%2.

IACS UI SC1?

17 +pen ro-ro spaces re &-+'e r+r+ 'ce' &-& re e$&-er+en & +&- en' +r -3e n +en$n, & +ne en8 n re r+3$e ;$&- e"#&e nr! 3en&$!&$+n e))ec&$3e +3er &-e$ren &$re !en,&- &-r+#,- er%nen& +en$n,' $'&r$#&e $n &-e'$e !&$n, +r ec:-e +r )r+% +3e8 -3$n, &+&! re +)& !e'& 10 +) &-e &+&! re +) &-e 'ce '$e'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.(

174 +pen vehicle spaces re &-+'e 3e-$c!e 'ce' e$&-er+en & +&- en'8 +r -3e n +en$n, & +ne en n rer+3$e ;$&- e"#&e nr! 3en&$!&$+n e))ec&$3e +3er&-e$r en&$re !en,&- &-r+#,- er%nen& +en$n,' $'&r$#&e $n&-e '$e !& $n, +r ec:-e +r )r+% +3e8 -3$n, &+&!re +) & !e'&10 +) &-e &+&! re +) &-e 'ce '$e'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.?

175 A passenger ship $' '-$ ;-$c- crr$e' %+re &-n&;e!3e ''en,er'.

SOLAS Re,. I@2)

17- $rescriptive re,uirements %en' &-e c+n'&r#c&$+n c-rc&er$'&$c'8 !$%$&$n, $%en'$+n'8 +r )$re ')e&* '*'&e%' 'ec$)$e $n &-e r#!e'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@.

19, $ublic spaces re &-+'e +r&$+n' +) &-e cc+%%+&$+n;-$c- re #'e )+r -!!'8 $n$n, r++%'8 !+#n,e' n '$%$!rer%nen&!* enc!+'e 'ce'.

SOLAS Re,. II2@./

191 ooms containing furniture and furnishings ofrestricted fire risk8 re &-+'e r++%' c+n&$n$n, )#rn$re n)#rn$'-$n,' +) re'&r$c&e )$re r$': ;-e&-er c$n'8 #!$c'ce'8 +))$ce' +r +&-er &*e' +) cc+%%+&$+n $n ;-$c-ice *#ace* and control *tation*

SOLAS Re,. II2@1..1 n 1..

+,1 S&$r;*' n !er' '-!! e '+ rrn,e ' &+r+3$e re* %en' +) e'ce &+ &-e !$)e+& n !$)e r)&e%r:&$+n ec: )r+% ''en,er n cre; cc+%%+&$+n'ce' n )r+% 'ce' $n ;-$c- &-e cre; $' n+r%!!*e%!+*e8 +&-er &-n %c-$ner* 'ce'.

+,+ Un!e'' e5re''!* r+3$e +&-er;$'e8 c+rr$+r8 !+*8+r r& +) c+rr$+r )r+% ;-$c- &-ere $' +n!* +ne r+#&e +) e'

ce '-!! e r+-$$&e. Deen c+rr$+r' #'e $n 'er3$cer e' ;-$c- re nece''r* )+r &-e rc&$c! #&$!$&* +) &-e'-$8 '#c- ' )#e! +$! '&&$+n' n &-;r&'-$ '#!*c+rr$+r'8 '-!! e er%$&&e8 r+3$e '#c- eenc+rr$+r' re 'er&e )r+% cre; cc+%%+&$+n re' nre $ncce''$!e )r+% ''en,er cc+%%+&$+n re'. A!'+8 r& +) c+rr$+r &-& -' e&- n+& e5cee$n, $&' ;$&- $'c+n'$ere rece'' +r !+ c! e5&en'$+n n $' er%$&&e.

+,7 A!! '&$r;*' $n cc+%%+&$+n n 'er3$ce 'ce' nc+n&r+! '&&$+n' '-!! e +) '&ee! )r%e c+n'&r#c&$+n e5ce&;-ere &-e S+c$e&* 'nc&$+n' &-e #'e +) +&-er e"#$3!en& %&er$!.

+,9 I) r$+&e!e,r- '&&$+n -' n+ $rec& cce'' &+ &-e+en ec:8 &;+ %en' +) e'ce )r+% +r cce'' &+8 &-e '&&$+n'-!! e r+3$e8 +ne +) ;-$c- %* e +r&-+!e +r ;$n+;+) '#))$c$en& '$e +r +&-er %en' &+ &-e '&$')c&$+n +) &-e

S+c$ e&*.+," D++r' $n e'ce r+#&e' '-!!8 $n ,ener!8 +en $n ;* +)&-e $rec&$+n +) e'ce8 e5ce& &-&% '-!! e cce&e.

+1, E5ce&$+n!!*8 &-e S+c$e&* %* $'en'e ;$&- +ne +)&-e %en' +) e'ce8 )+r cre; 'ce' &-& re en&ere +n!*+cc '$+n!!*8 $) &-e re"#$re e'ce r+#&e $' $neenen& +);&er &$,-& ++r'.

+11 S&$r;*' n c+rr$+r' #'e ' %en' +) e'ce '-!!e n+& !e'' &-n >00 %% $n c!er ;$&- n '-!! -3e -nr$! +n +ne '$e. S&$r;*' n c+rr$+r' ;$&- c!er;$&- +)1 00 %% n +3er '-!! -3e -nr$!' +n +&- '$e'. C!er;$&- $' c+n'$ere &-e $'&nce e&;een &-e -nr$! n &-e#!:-e +n &-e +&-er '$e +r e&;een &-e -nr$!'. T-en,!e+) $nc!$n&$+n +) '&$r;*' '-+#! e8 $n ,ener!8 4(Q8 #& n+&,re&er &-n (0Q8 n $n %c-$ner* 'ce' n '%!! 'ce'n+& %+re &-n ?0Q. D++r;*' ;-$c- ,$3e cce'' &+ '&$r;*'-!! e +) &-e '%e '$e ' &-e '&$r;* FSS C+e C-.1..

$ 7,, !ean* o% e*ca#e %ro) )ac6iner3 *#ace*

SOLAS Re,. II2@1.4.2

7,1 E5ce& ' r+3$e $n 028 &;+ %en' +) e'ce '-!!e r+3$e )r+% ec- %c-$ner* 'ce +) c&e,+r* A. Inr&$c #!r8 +ne +) &-e )+!!+;$n, r+3$'$+n' '-!! e c+%!$e;$&-8 1/..4 n 20..1 ' !$c!e

Pene&r&$+n e&$!' r;$n,

De&$!' +) 3en&$!&$+n #c& ene&r&$+n' &-r+#,- )$re$3$ '$+n'

De&$!' +) c!e ene&r&$+n' &-r+#,- )$re $3$'$+n' De&$!' +) $e ene&r&$+n' &-r+#,- )$re $3$'$+n'

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n /.

E'ce r+#&e !n

Arrn,e%en& +) r$%r* n 'ec+nr* e'ce r+#&e' $n

c!#$n, '&$r;*'8 e'ce &r#n:' n e'ce !er'W$&- +) e'ce r+#&e' $nc!#$n, ++r'

Inc!$n&$+n +) '&$r;*'@!er'

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n 1

F$re %$n '*'&e% r;$n,

F$re #%' $nc!#$n, e%er,enc* )$re #% Arrn,e%en& n c+n'&r#c&$+n e&$!' +) )$re %$n n

$'+!&$n, 3!3e' N#%er n +'$&$+n' +) -*rn&' n -+'e' F$re #% cc$&* c!c#!&$+n'

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n 10.2

Arrn,e%en& r;$n,' )+r )$5e )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e% $n %c-$ner*'ce'

Sec$)$c&$+n n !+c&$+n +) !! e"#$%en& Re)erence &+ e"#$%en& cer&$)$c&e'

r++'e r&e' +) !$c&$+nRe!e'e $n'&r#c&$+n'

C+n&r+! n %+n$&+r$n, '*'&e%

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n'< 10.4n 10.(

Arrn,e%en& r;$n,' )+r )$5e !+c!!$c&$+n )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n,'*'&e% $n %c-$ner* 'ce'

Re)erence &+ e"#$%en& cer&$)$c&e'

Sec$)$c&$+n n !+c&$+n +) !! e"#$%en&

r++'e r&e' +) !$c&$+nRe!e'e $n'&r#c&$+n'

C+n&r+! n %+n$&+r$n, '*'&e%

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n'< 10.4n 10.(.?

Arrn,e%en& r;$n,' )+r )$5e )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e% $n cr,+ 'ce'$) re!e3n&

Sec$)$c&$+n n !+c&$+n +) !! e"#$%en& Re)erence &+ e"#$%en& cer&$)$c&e' C!c#!&$+n' )+r &-e "#n&$&* +) &-e %e$ #'e n &-e

r++'e r&e' +) !$c&$+nRe!e'e $n'&r#c&$+n'

C+n&r+! n %+n$&+r$n, '*'&e%

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n'< 10.4810.>8 10.8 10./8 1/..18 1/../ n20.?.1 ' !$c!e

Arrn,e%en& r;$n,' )+r ec-)$5e )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e% $n'er3$ce 'ce'8 cc+%%+&$+n'ce' n +&-er 'ce' $) re!e3n&

Sec$)$c&$+n n !+c&$+n +) !! e"#$%en& Re)erence &+ e"#$%en& cer&$)$c&e' C!c#!&$+n' )+r &-e "#n&$&* +) &-e %e$ #'e n &-e

r++'e r&e' +) !$c&$+n Re!e'e $n'&r#c&$+n'

C+n&r+! n %+n$&+r$n, '*'&e%

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n'< 10.4810.?.8 10.?.4

Arrn,e%en& r;$n,' )+r #&+%&$c'r$n:!er8 )$re e&ec&$+n n )$re!r% '*'&e% $) re!e3n&

Sr$n:!er' ,r+#e $n&+ 'ec&$+n' Sec$)$c&$+n n !+c&$+n +)8 #%'8 &n:'8 !r%' n

c&$3&+r' Re!e3n& $n)+r%&$+n ' 'ec$)$e )+r rrn,e%en& r;

$n,' )+r )$5e )$re e&ec&$+n n )$re !r% '*'&e%

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n' 10.?.1n 10.?.2 ' !$c!e

Arrn,e%en& r;$n,' )+r )$5e )$ree&ec&$+n n !r% '*'&e%'

Sec$)$c&$+n +) c+n&r+! ne! cen&r! #n$&8 $n$c&$+n

#n$&'8 e&ec&+r'8 !r% e3$ce' n %n#! c!! +$n&'

'

L+c&$+n +) e"#$%en& $nc!#$n, c!e r+#&$n, n !++P+;er '#!* rrn,e%en&

De&$!' +) '%+:e e5&rc&$+n '*'&e% ;-ere re!e3n&

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n' >8 1/..n 20.4 ' !$c!e

Arrn,e%en& !n )+r -e!$c+&er ec:' re!e3n&

De&$!' +) c+n'&r#c&$+n Men' +) e'ce

Dr$n,e Fc$!$&$e' He!$c+&er re)#e!!$n, n -n,r )c$!$&$e'

SOLAS C-.II28 Re,#!&$+n 1

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'ules for #hips, (uly $))*+t.* h.-) 2pp.2 +age -0

'ules for #hips, (uly $))*+t.* h.-) 2pp.2 +age -0

APPENDI? AINTERPRETATIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS TO SOLAS CH. II/+

A 1,, A##lication

A. General ,!'' +&&!e' n %e&! cn' n re '#$&!* %r:e. IACSUI SC 1??

1,1 T-$' en$5 '-!! e re,re ' &-e S+c$e&*' $n&erre&&$+n' +) SOLAS C-. II2 n $' c+n'$ere ' r& +) &-e'c+e e'cr$e $n Sec.4.

1,+ Ec- $n&erre&&$+n '&r&' ;$&- re)erence &+ &-e!$c !e &ec-n$c! re"#$re%en& +) SOLAS +r &-e FSSC+e. F+!!+; $n, &-e $n&erre&&$+n &e5&8 re)erence $' %e &+&-e !$c!e IACS $n&erre&&$+n. F+r $n&erre&&$+n' %e* &-e S+c$e&*8 &-$' $' '+ $n$c&e ;$&- DN7.

$. SOLAS Re.II/+09 Pro(a(ilit3 o% Inition

$ 1,, !i*cellaneou* ite)* o% inition *ource* and init/a(ilit3

1,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@4.4.2

T-$' re,#!&$+n $' n+& $n&ene &+ rec!#e &-e #'e +)c+n&$ner' c+n'&r#c&e +) c+%#'&$!e %&er$!' $n ,!!e*'8n&r$e'8 r'8 ,r,e -n!$n, +r '&+r,e 'ce' n$nc$ner&+r r++%' r+ 3$e &-e* re $n&ene #re!* )+r &-ecrr$,e +) ;e& ;'&e8

C. SOLAS Re.II/+0" Fire Gro:t6 Potential

C 1,, Control o% air *u##l3 and %la))a(le li@uid tot6e *#ace

1,1 SOLAS Re,.II2@(.2.1.1

7en&$!&$+n $n!e&' n +#&!e&' !+c&e & +#&'$e +#nr$e''-!! e )$&&e ;$&- c!+'$n, !$nce' ' re"#$re * Re,. II2@(.2.1.1 n nee n+& c+%!* ;$&- Re,. II2@/.>..1

IACS UI SC 100

1,+ SOLAS Re,. II2@(.2.1.2

T-$' !$e' &+ !! 3en&$!&$+n )n' c$rc#!&$+n )n' $nc!#e.

DN7

C +,, Fire #rotection )aterial*

+,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@(.

Re,r$n, n+nc+%#'&$!e %&er$!'8 c+%#'&$!e %&er$!'n '#r)ce )!%e 're8 &-e )+!!+;$n, !$e'erin*

1,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@?.2 n II2@?.

Re,r$n, %&er$!' r+er&$e' c+ncern$n, '%+:e ,ener&$+nn &+5$c$&*8 'ee C201.

IACS UI SC12?

E. SOLAS Re.II/+04 Detection and Alar)

E 1,, General re@uire)ent*

1,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@>.2

Gener! re"#$re%en&' )+r c+n&r+! n %+n$&+r$n, ,$3en $nC-./ !*8 $nc!#$n, +c#%en&&$+n &*e' &+ e '#%$&&e.

DN7

E +,, Protection o% )ac6iner3 *#ace*+,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@>.4

T-$' re"#$re%en& !$e' &+ %c-$ner* 'ce' +) c&e,+r* A.

IACS UI SC 12/

E 7,, Protection o% acco))odation and *er>ice *#ace*and control *tation*

7,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@>.(.2

He& e&ec&+r' re cce&!e $n re)r$,er&e c-%er' n $n+&-er 'ce' ;-ere '&e% n )#%e' re r+#ce '#c- ''# n' n !#nr$e'.

IACS UI SC 10

7,+ SOLAS Re,. II2@>.(.(.In &-e c'e +) '-$' #$!& $n cc+rnce ;$&- Me&-+ IIIC8 &-ee&ec&$+n '*'&e% $' +n!* re!e3n& &+ &-e cc+%%+&$+n!+c:. Ser3$ce 'ce' #$!& ;* )r+% &-e cc+%%+&$+n!+c: nee

Ta(le C+ Re@uire)ent* %or co)#onent*= )et6od IIC and IIIC

A*on-combus-tible material

1eg. 00-234.5.6.2.27

B*on-combus-tible material

1eg. 00-234.5.6.67

C'o flame

spread1eg. 00-23

4.5.2.87

D9,uivalent

volume1eg. 00-23

4.5.27

9Calorific

value1eg. 00-23

4.5.27

! "mokeproduction1eg. 00-23:7

%*ot readily

ignited1eg. 00-23

8.8.8 and :7

1 M+#!$n, 0E

2 Pne! 4E

P$n&e '#r)ce' +r

(E

4P$n&e '#r)ce' +r

0E 2E (E

( Dec+r&$3e ne! 0E

?P$n&e '#r)ce' +r

0E 2E (E

> S:$r&$n, +r 0E

In'#!&$+n 1E

/S#r)ce' n $n&' $nc+nce!e +r $ncce''$!e'ce'

10 Dr#,-& '&+' 4E

11 Gr+#n' n '#+r&' 4E

12 L$n$n, 4E

1Pr$%r* ec: c+3er$n, 1'&

14 F!++r )$n$'-$n, ?E

1( W$n+; +5 4E

1? W$n+; +5 '#r)ce 0E 0E 2E

1>W$n+; +5 '#r)ce $nc+nce!e +r $ncce''$!e'ce'

1 Ce$!$n, ne! 4E

1 7+#r rr$er' #'e +n $e' )+r c+! 'er3$ce' 'ee UI SC 102 %* e +) c+%#'&$!e %&er$!' r+3$$n, &-& &-e$r '#r)ce -' !+; )!%e 'rec-r c&er$'&$c' Re,. II2@(..1.1

2 W-ere &-e %&er$! $' )$&&e +n n+nc+%#'&$!e #!:-e'8 ce$!$n, +n !$n$n, $n cc+%%+&$+n n 'er3$ce 'ce' Re,. II2@(..2.2

T+ e !$e &+ &-+'e cc+%%+&$+n n 'er3$ce 'ce' +#ne * n+nc+%#'&$!e #!:-e'8 ce$!$n, n !$n$n,' Re,. II2@(..2.

4 On!* $n c+rr$+r' n '&$r;* enc!+'#re' 'er3$n, cc+%%+&$+n n 'er3$ce 'ce' n c+n&r+! '&&$+n' Re,. II2@(..1.2.2

( A!$c!e &+ $n&'8 3rn$'-e' n +&-er )$n$'-e' Re,. II2@?.2

? On!* $n c+rr$+r' n '&$r;* enc!+'#re'

8/10/2019 (339125100) DNV FIRE RULES (1).docx

20/29

n+& e )$&&e ;$&- )$5e )$re e&ec&$+n '*'&e%.

IACS UI SC 1?0

E 9,, Re@uire)ent* o% t6e FSS Code C6. - Fi2ed %iredetection and %ire alar) *3*te)*

9,1 FSS C+e C-. /.2.1.1

W-en $& $' $n&ene &-& r&$c#!r 'ec&$+n +r e&ec&+r '-!!

e &e%+rr$!* ';$&c-e +))8 &-$' '&&e '-!! e c!er!*$n$c&e. Rec&$3&$+n +) &-e 'ec&$+n +r e&ec&+r '-!! eer)+r%e # &+%&$c!!* )&er re'e& &$%e.

DN7

9,+ FSS C+e C-. /.2.1.4 n /.2.4..2

T-e re"#$re%en& &-& '*'&e% e '+ rrn,e &-& !++ cnn+& e %,e & %+re &-n +ne +$n& * )$re8 $'c+n'$ere '&$')$e * rrn,$n, &-e !++ '#c- &-& &-e &-$,-;* ;$!! n+& '' &-r+#,- 'ce c+3ere * e&ec&+r%+re &-n +nce.

T-e re"#$re%en& &-& '*'&e% e '+ rrn,e &+ en'#re &-&n* )#!& +cc#rr$n, $n &-e !++ ;$!! n+& rener &-e ;-+!e !++$ne))ec&$3e8 $' c+n'$ere '&$')$e ;-en )#!& +cc#rr$n, $n&-e !++ +n!* rener' $ne))ec&$3e r& +) &-e !++ n+& e$n,!r,er &-n 'ec&$+n +) '*'&e% ;$&-+#& %en' +) re%+&e!*$en&$)*$n, ec- e&ec&+r.

IACS UI SC11>

9,7 FSS C+e C-. /.2.2

T-e %$n re'ec&$3e e%er,enc* )eeer '-!! r#n )r+% &-e%$n re'ec&$3e e%er,enc* ';$&c-+r &+ &-e c-n,e+3er';$&c- ;$&-+#& ''$n, &-r+#,- n* +&-er $'&r$#&$n, ';$&c-+r.

IACS UI SC(

9,9 FSS C+e C-. /.2..1

W-en )$re e&ec&+r' re r+3$e ;$&- &-e %en' &+ K#'&&-e$r 'en'$&$3$&*8 nece''r* rrn,e%en&' '-!! e en'#re &+)$5 n $en&$)* &-e 'e& +$n&.

DN7

9," FSS C+e C-. /.2.4.1.1 n /.2.(.1.1

Sec&$+n< Gr+# +) )$re e&ec&+r' n %n#!!* +er&e c!!+$n&' ' re+r&e $n &-e $n$c&$n, #n$&'.

L++< E!ec&r$c! c$rc#$& !$n:$n, e&ec&+r' +) 3r$+#' 'ec&$+n'n c+nnec&e &+ &-e c+n&r+! ne!.

IACS UI SC11(

F. SOLAS Re.II/+05 Control o% S)o'e

S#read

F 1,, Protection o% control *tation* out*ide )ac6iner3*#ace*

1,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@.2

A' e"#!!* e))ec&$3e %en'8 $n c'e +) 3en&$!&+r' &-e'e '-!!e )$&&e ;$&- '&ee! %er' ;-$c- '-!! e e'$!* c!+'e;$&-$n &-e c+n&r+! '&&$+n $n +rer &+ %$n&$n &-e 'ence +)'%+:e $n &-e e3en& +) )$re.

DN7

G. SOLAS Re.II/+0- Contain)ent o% Fire

G 1,, T6er)al and *tructural (oundarie*

1,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@/.2...2

1 N3$,&$+n e"#$%en& r++% r$+ &rn'%$&&er. B&&er*r++%'. Re"#$re%en&' )+r !+c&$+n +) &-e e%er,enc*'+#rce +) e!ec&r$c! +;er re )#r&-er ,$3en $n C-. Sec.2C.

( Pr+3$'$+n c-%er' '-!! e &re&e ' '&+re r++%'. Re)r$,er&e r+3$'$+n c-%er' re c+n'$ere ' c&e,+r*( Ser3$ce 'ce' $) &-er%!!* $n'#!&e ;$&- n+nc+%#'&$!e %&er$!'.

> E!ec&r$c! e"#$%en& r++%' #&+ &e!e-+ne e5c-n,e8 $r

c+n$&$+n$n, #c& 'ce'./ Pr+3$'$+n c-%er' '-!! e &re&e ' '&+re r++%'. Re

)r$,er&e r+3$'$+n c-%er' re c+n'$ere ' c&e,+r*/ 'er3$ce 'ce' $) &-er%!!* $n'#!&e ;$&- c+%#'&$!e%&er$!'.

IACS UI SC4(

1,+ SOLAS Re,. II2@T!e /.(

T-e re"#$re $3$'$+n +) '&ee! e&;een c+n&r+! '&&$+n' n+en ec:' %* $n &-e c'e +) n e%er,enc* ,ener&+r er+ 3$e ;$&- +en$n,' )+r $n&:e +) c+%#'&$+n $r &+ &-e$e'e! en,$ne n )+r $n&:e +) c++!$n, $r $n &-e c'e +) n $rc++!e $e'e! en,$ne. T-e'e +en$n,' neee n+& e )$&&e;$&- %en' )+r c!+'#re )+r )$re $n&e,r$&* #r+'e'8 #n!e'' )$5e ,' )$re )$,-&$n, '*'&e% )+r &-e e%er,enc* ,ener&+r

'ce $' )$&&e.IACS UI SC??

F++&n+&e .1.1

F!e5$!e e!!+;' +) c+%#'&$!e %&er$! %* e #'e )+rc+n nec&$n, )n' &+ &-e #c&$n, $n $r c+n$&$+n$n, r++%.

IACS UI SC //

9,+ SOLAS Re,. II2@/.>.1.1

C+%#'&$!e ,':e&' $n )!n,e 3en&$!&$+n #c& c+nnec&$+n'

re n+& er%$&&e ;$&-$n ?00 %% +) n +en$n, $n n A c!''+r B c!'' $3$'$+n n $n #c&' re"#$re &+ e +) A c!'' c+n'&r#c&$+n.

IACS UI SC 1>(

9,7 SOLAS Re,. II2@/.>.(.2.1

Gre'e &r8 )$re %er8 )n '-#&+)) n )$5e )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, re +n!* re"#$re ;-en ,!!e* e5-#'& #c& ''e'&-r+#,- cc+%%+&$+n 'ce' +r 'ce' c+n&$n$n, c+%#'&$!e %&er$!'. T-e &er% 'ce' c+n&$n$n, c+%#'&$!e %&er$!' ;$!! n+r%!!* !* &+ !! 'ce' $n cc+%%+&$+n.

IACS UI SC 10?

F$re %er' re"#$re * Re,. /.>.(.2.1 + n+& nee &+ ''&-e )$re &e'& $n Re'. A >(418 #& '-+#! e +) '&ee! nc!e +) '&+$n, &-e r#,-&. T-e re"#$re%en&' )+r A

c!'' !* +n!* &+ &-e r& +) &-e #c& +#&'$e +) &-e ,!!e*.IACS UI SC11

H. SOLAS Re.II/+01, Fire Fi6tin

H 1,, &ater *u##l3 *3*te)*

1,1 SOLAS Re,. II2@10.2.1.(.1

W-en c!c#!&$n, &-e n#%er +) -*rn&'8 &-e !en,&- +) ;&erKe& '-!! e &:en ' %5$%#% > %.

DN7

1,+ SOLAS Re,. II2@10.2.2..1.2

Un!e'' &-e &;+ %$n )$re #%'8 &-e$r 'e '#c&$+n' n &-e)#e! '#!* +r '+#rce +) +;er )+r ec- #% re '$&e;$&-$n c+%r&%en&' 'er&e & !e'& * A0 $3$'$+n'8 '+&-& )$re $n n* +ne c+%r&%en& ;$!! n+& rener +&- )$re#%' $n+ er!e8 n e%er,enc* )$re #% '-+#! e )$&&e.An rrn,e %en& $n ;-$c- +ne %$n )$re #% $' !+c&e $n c+%r&%en& -3$n, %+re &-n +ne #!:-e +r ec:Kcen& &+ &-e c+% r&%en& c+n&$n$n, &-e +&-er %$n )$re#% '-+#! !'+ re "#$re n e%er,enc* )$re #%.

IACS UI SC 1?2

T-e r++%' ;-ere &-e e%er,enc* )$re #% n r$%e%+3er re $n'&!!e '-!! -3e e"#&e 'ce )+r%$n&ennce ;+r: n $n'ec&$+n'.

IACS UR M?2

1,7 SOLAS Re,. II2@10.2.2..1.2N+& +n!* e%er,enc* #%'8 #& !'+ 'e ;&er $n!e&8 '#c&$+nn e!$3er* $e' ;$&- 3!3e' e&c. '-!! e +#&'$e &-e c+%r&%en& c+n&$n$n, &-e +&-er )$re #%'. On!* '-+r& !en,&-'+) '#c&$+n n $'c-r,e $$n, %*8 -+;e3er8 #ner cer&$nc$r c#%'&nce' ene&r&e &-e %c-$ner* 'ce' $) enc!+'e $n'# '&n&$! '&ee! c'$n, Re,. II2@10.2.1.4.1.

T-e 'ec-e'& ;$&- 3!3e n &-e %$n r& +) &-e '#c&$+n $$n, '-+#! e8 $n ,ener!8 +#&'$e &-e %c-$ner* 'ce'. I)&-$' rrn,e%en& cnn+& e %e8 &-e 'e c-e'& %* e )$&&e$n &-e %c-$ner* 'ce' +n &-e c+n$&$+n &-& &-e 3!3e $'re%+&e!* c+n&r+!!e )r+% +'$&$+n ner &-e #%8 $n &-e'%e c+%r& %en&8 n &-e '#c&$+n $e $' ' '-+r& 'rc&$c!e.

In !$e# +) &-e '&ee! c'$n, &-e $e %* e $n'#!&e

e"#$3!en& &+ c!'' A?0 '&nr. T-e $e '-+#! -3e'#'&n&$! ;!!

&-$c:ne'' n $n n+ c'e !e'' &-n 11 %% n '-+#! e !!;e!e e5ce& )+r )!n,e c+nnec&$+n &+ &-e 'e $n!e& 3!3e.

IACS UI SC 1/

1,9 SOLAS Re,. II2@10.2.2..2.2

T-e e!ec&r$c! c!e' &+ &-e e%er,enc* )$re #% '-!! n+&'' &-r+#,- &-e %c-$ner* 'ce' c+n&$n$n, &-e %$n )$re#%' n &-e$r '+#rce' +) +;er n r$%e %+3er'.T-e* '-!! e +) )$re re'$'&n& &*e ;-ere &-e* '' &-r+#,-

+&-er -$,- )$re r$': re'.IACS UI SC 1?(

Guidance note

See C-. Sec.2 )+r re"#$re%en&' )+r c!e' &+ re%$n +er!e#r$n, )$re c+n$&$+n.

444e4n4444+)444G4#4$444n4c4e444n4+4&4e444

1," FSS C+e C-. 12.2.2.1.1

I) &-e e%er,enc* )$re #% $' &-e %$n '#!* +) ;&er )+rn* )$5e )$ree5&$n,#$'-$n, '*'&e% r+3$e &+ r+&ec& &-e'ce ;-ere &-e %$n )$re #%' re !+c&e8 &-e #%'-+#! -3e &-e cc$&* )+r &-$' '*'&e% n8 $n $&$+n8 &-ecc$&* re "#$re * SOLAS Re,.II2@4...2 n II2@4...2.1.

IACS UI SC 1?1, FSS C-. 12.2.2.1.

W-ere nece''r* &+ en'#re r$%$n,8 &-e e%er,enc* )$re #%'-+#! e +) &-e 'e!) r$%$n, &*e.

IACS UI SC 1?4

I& '-+#! e e%+n'&r&e * c!c#!&$+n &-& &-$' r,r- $''&$')$e & T-e re)r$,er&$n, cc$&* n &-e #&+%&$c c+n&r+! +)ec- #n$& '-+#! e '+ ' &+ %$n&$n &-e re"#$re &e%erre #ner c+n$&$+n' +) c+n&$n#+#' +er&$+n #r$n, 24-+#r' & 'e &e%erre' # &+ 2C n %$en& $r

&e% erre' # &+ 4(C.

Ec- e!ec&r$c re)r$,er&$n, #n$& '-+#! e '#!$e )r+%&-e %$n ';$&c-+r #'r' * 'er&e )eeer.

/ C++!$n, ;&er '#!* &+ &-e re)r$,er&$n, !n& ;-ere re"#$re '-+#! e r+3$e )r+% & !e'& &;+ c$rc#!&$n,#%' +ne +) ;-$c- e$n, #'e ' '&n*. T-e '&n* #% %* e #% #'e )+r +&-er 'er3$ce' '+ !+n,' $&' #'e )+r c++!$n, ;+#! n+& $n&er)ere ;$&- n* +&-ere' 'en&$! 'er3$ce +) &-e '-$. C++!$n, ;&er '-+#! e&:en )r+% n+& !e'' &-n &;+ 'e c+nnec&$+n'8re)er!*+ne +r& n +ne '&r+r.

10 S)e&* re!$e) e3$ce' '-+#! e r+3$e $n ec- 'ec&$+n+) $e &-& %* e $'+!&e * !+c: 3!3e' n $n;-$c- &-ere c+#! e #$!# +) re''#re $n e5ce'' +)&-e e '$,n re''#re +) n* +) &-e c+%+nen&'.

11 T-e $$n, '*'&e% '-+#! e e'$,ne $n '#c- ;* &-&&-e CO2 re''#re & &-e n+!e' '-+#! n+& e !e'' &-n1 N@%%2.

12 A#$!e n 3$'#! !r%' '-+#! e ,$3en $n cen&r!c+n&r+! '&&$+n ;-en