Post on 11-Oct-2015
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Counseling Children
Play Therapy
Sultan Mizan Institute of Teachers
Education
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Play Therapy General
Definition
Satu bentuk terapi yang menggunakan
tindakan bermain pasir, cerita dongeng,
seni, dan kewayangan menggalakkankomunikasi pada kanak-kanak yang
mempunyai kemahiran verbalization tidak
mencukupi atau tidak matang atau yang
berlebihan dgn kata-kata keranamempertahankan diri.
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The Purpose of Play
Therapy untuk membolehkan kanak-kanak secara tidak
langsung menyatakan fikiran dalaman,
ketakutan, kebimbangan, dan perasaan marah
dan bersalah untuk membantu kanak-kanak mencapai tugas-
tugas pembangunan melalui modaliti yang
dilindungi di mana mereka boleh belajar untuk
menangani kesukaran di sini dan sekarang (bilikmainan sebagai tempat perlindungan)
untuk membantu kanak-kanak mengurangkan
kebimbangan dan menyelesaikan konflik
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The Process of Play Therapy
Ungkapan metafora peristiwa
menyedihkan membolehkan kanak-kanak
untuk keadaan luar dan angan sakitmereka supaya mereka lebih berkesan
boleh mengawal dan belajar cara-cara
penyesuaian untuk menghadapi ia.
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Play TherapyMain adalah kaedah utama untuk bekerja
dengan kanak-kanak berusia 2 -12 keranaterhad perkembangan kognitif dan keupayaanyang terhad untuk dgn kata-kata fikiran danperasaan, dan kerana ia adalah merupakansebahagian daripada kehidupan kanak-kanakdan juga sebagai kaedah semula jadipembelajaran dan yang berkaitan.
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Adlerian PlayMenggunakan teknik-teknik untuk menyediakan
galakan
mendedahkan buruj keluarga
menggalakkan ingatan awal
mendedahkan matlamat tingkah laku kanak-
kanak
membentuk hipotesis tentatif tentang kelakuankanak-kanak
mendidik semula kanak-kanak.
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Gestalt Play (Oaklander) menggunakan teknik bermain yang
memberi tumpuan kepada:
mewujudkan perhubungan di
mengukuhkan rasa kanak-kanak daripada diridan sokongan-
ungkapan emosi yang menggalakkan
mengajar kanak-kanak untuk memupuk diri.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Play
(Tanda buruk) memberi tumpuan kepada:
pemikiran kanak-kanak, perasaan, fantasi,
dan persekitaran
mengajar lebih tingkah laku penyesuaian
melalui pemodelan, peranan bermain,
tingkah laku dan tanggungan luar jangka
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Family Play
(Busby dan Lufkin) mendapatimaklumat tentang perhubungan
keluarga dan mengenal pasti temayang sama.
Matlamat (Anderson) termasuk:
memahami suasana emosi keluarga
jangkaan peranan
imej diri
struktur.
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Child-Centered Play(Landreth) memberi tumpuan kepada:
hubungan dan menyampaikan
penyayang tanpa syarat danpenerimaan, hormat, dan kesabaran
membenarkan anak-anak untukmembawa hubungan danmenyelesaikan masalah merekasendiri
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The Role of Play
"Main mata wang kanak-kanak"
Bermain adalah:
menyeronokkan
spontan
sukarela
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The Role of Play
Main tidak mempunyai matlamat, tujuan,atau orientasi tugas
Bermain adalah satu cara semula jadi untukkanak-kanak kepada:
berkomunikasi
Melakonkan bahan sensitif
Keselamatan Keuntungan (kawan khayalan)Membina keyakinan diri (penguasaan)
Main membolehkan kanak-kanak untukbereksperimen dengan cara-cara baruberfikir & berkelakuan
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Criteria for Play
tidak literal
Pleasure
Motivasi
intrinsik
fleksibiliti
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Stages of Play
Functional (Sensorimotor): Repetitionand exploration
[0 - 2]Constructive/Productive (Creative)[2-4]
Dramatic/Reproductive (Realistic)[4-7]
Games with Rules[7-12]
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Types of MaterialsReal-life toys: doll house, telephone, etc.
Acting Out/Aggressive Release Toys:
handcuffs, toy guns and knives, drums,
etc.
Creative Expression/Emotional Release
Toys: chalk, magic markers, scissors,
paper, blocks, hand puppets, Play-Doh,
etc.
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Characteristics of Play
Healthy Play
Relate freely
Conversational
SpontaneousDirect & open
Play alone or with you
Disturbed Play
Uncomfortable
wants to be told what to
doQuestions or demands
Aggressive
Play alone or under
your control
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Characteristics of Play
Healthy
Play as exploration
feelings
temporary tensions
temporary conflicts
Themes
are direct
expression
able to express
negative feelings,
but also positive
feelings about sameperson
Disturbed
Play is intense
Themesare diffuse
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Stages of the Therapeutic
ProcessOpen and permissive atmosphere for
relationship building, focusing on the feelingsthat play behavior evokes, open-endedquestions, developing hypotheses
More directive play, testing hypotheses,exploration of feelings and behavior - activeprobing
Engagement of the child in more systematicallystructured play sequences related to the conflict;use of systematic desensitization
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Play Techniques
Play Interview
Counselor interviews child during play
Balloon Bursting in Structured Playhelps inhibited children become more
assertive
Playhousesshows home relationships
gives insight into childs view of ideal home
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Play TechniquesPuppets
may be used to talk about difficult issues
a variety of 15-20 puppets recommended
counselor interviews the child after the story is
told through the puppets
Telephone
children may imitate parents on the phone ortalk to an imaginary or lost friend or loved one
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Play Techniques Sandplay
allows counselor access to childs world while promoting
understanding & self-discovery
Waterplaycan be an outlet for releasing aggression or for
relaxation
Food
counselor explores with child various reactions to food
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Play TechniquesFinger Painting
can help child express feelings, overcome
inhibitions, reveal fantasies
child tells the story of the painting and theteacher asks for clarification and feelings
color chosen and how the picture is drawn may
be of importance
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Play TechniquesSquiggle Technique
Counselor draws a squiggle (straight, curved, or
zigzag line) and asks child to complete a
drawingchild tells a story about the squiggle with the
Counselor asking for clarification
process is then reversed; the Counselors story
may be interpretative or make suggestions
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Play TechniquesArt and Music Therapy
family drawings are often helpful in
understanding family dynamics
music can often reduce tension, stress, oranxiety
The Emotional Barometer
child is asked to give an indication of how he orshe feels and how things are going
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Play TechniquesRole Playingused to act out situations or rehearse new
learning
may help Counselor understand how childperceives the world and relates to others
Family Word Association Gamechild draws a picture of family, friends, or
school and selects a card with an adjectiveword on it to describe the person(s)
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Play TechniquesMagicmay be used to track relationship skills or
promote awareness
involve the child in the magic, choosing thetricks carefully to achieve a specific goal
Ventriloquismfigures may help in gathering information from
resistant children, to teach social skills, or toexplore ways for solving problems
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Play TechniquesBoard Games
build relationships
promote emotional growthenhance communication
help children with anxietypromote socialization
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Play TechniquesCompetitive Playmay be therapeutic and help with socialization
skills, but negative effects on esteem and
attitude should be consideredGroup Play Therapychildren with similar problems and/or similar
backgrounds may benefit from group play by
sharing experiences and benefiting from therole modeling of others