3-D+ Medical Imaging

Neb Duric 3-D ESO workshop June 12, 2008

Medical ImagingCross-sectional views in the fundamental planes.

Coronal Sagittal

Transverse

Visible Human Project

Tomographic Imaging

• Common devices– Magnetic Resonance Imaging– X-ray Computed Tomography– Positron Emission Tomography– Ultrasound Tomography

• Common applications– Screening– Diagnosis– Therapy guidance– Treatment monitoring

Image Cubes

CT Scans of Chest

Projections of Image Cube

coronal sagittal transverse

Volume Imaging

Kai Uwe Barthel (k.barthel at fhtw-berlin.de)Internationale MedieninformatikBerlin, Germany

3D imagingTransparency, Depth Cueing

Characterization

3-D + CharacterizationFusion Imaging

Pretreatment 6 h post 24 h post18 d post

Functional Imaging

MRI

Visualizing Risk

PET/CTFunctional Imaging

Lung PlaqueSegmentation

ConfidentialConfidentialAcoustic

Tomography

The Team

Neb Duric1,2, Ph.D., Peter Littrup1,2, M.D., Cuiping Li1,2, Ph. D., Carri Glide1,2, Ph.D., Lisa Bey-Knight1,2, R.N., Yang Xu1,2, Ph.D., Steve Schmidt1,2, Olsi Rama1,2, Jason Shen1,2, PhD., Anthony Shields, M.D., Ph.D., Ding Wang, M.D., Ph.D., Lou Poulo3, M.Sc., Terry Kling4, Alex Babkin5, Ph.D., Roman Pevzner5, Ph.D., Lianjie

Huang6, Ph.D., Francesco Simonetti7, Ph.D., Ivana Jovanovic8 , Ph.D., Nicole Ruiter9, Ph.D., Frank Natterer10, Ph.D.

1Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI2Wayne State University, Detroit, MI

3Analogic Corp, Boston, MA4Sound Technology, State College, PA5Groupvelocity LLC, Albuquerque, NM

6Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM7Imperial College, London, England

8Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland9Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

10University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany

Prototype ScannerImaging Tank and Ring Array

In plane resolution: 0.5 – 2 mm Out of plane resolution: 4 mm 2 MHz operating frequency

Duric et al, Medical Physics Vol 34 (2), pp. 773-785, 2007

Scan Method

Reflection Sound Speed Attenuation

Thresholding and Segmentation

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=

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Reflection Sound Speed Attenuation

Reflection Sound Speed AttenuationFusion

Volumetric 3-D / 4-D+ Imaging

Operator independent imaging of entire breast volume.

No compression or ionization.

Exam time < 1 minute.

Operator independent imaging of entire breast volume.

No compression or ionization.

Exam time < 1 minute.

Y

Z

X

Tim

e

Tim

e

ResultsChemotherapy patients

Reflection image

Attenuation (blue) and sound speed (red) added Sound speed added (red)

Strong sound speed enhancementStrong attenuation

4-D Imaging of Tumor

ResultsQuantifying Breast Cancer Risk

Santen, R J, Mansel, R. Benign breast disorders. N Engl J Med, 2005. 353(3): p. 275-85.

• Known correlation between breast density and cancer risk

• Currently measured by mammography

Our approachThresholding and clustering

Sound Speed

Tomogram

Segmented Mammogram Segmented

Ultrasound Percent Density (USPD)

Our study has established equivalence of sound speed and mammographic density potential for ultrasonic measure of breast density

Glide, C., Duric, N., Littrup, P. A Novel Approach to Evaluating Breast Density Utilizing Ultrasound Tomography. Medical Physics. Vol. 34 (2), pp. 744-753. Feb. 2007.

Potential Application: Chemoprevention and risk screening

SummarySimilarities and Differences

Medical AstronomicalNear Field Far FieldInteractive PassiveSuper-resolution* Diffraction limitedStructure noise Thermal noiseScreening SurveysDiagnostic Targeted ImagingCharacterization Spectral analysisFunctional KinematicalROC analysis ?????

*Simonetti, Huang, Duric, Rama. Imaging beyond the Born approximation: An experimental investigation with an ultrasonic ring array. Physical Review E 76, 036601 (2007)

NGC 5055

Astronomical style Medical style

Walter and Leroy

Acknowledgments

• We acknowledge support from following grants:– Sponsor: NCI - Avon,– Improvements in Ultrasound Tomography for Characterization of

Breast Masses: Duration: 12/06 – 11//07– Sponsor: MEDC– Clinical Validation of CURE: A Novel Technology for Improved

Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Duration: 02/07 – 05/09– Komen Foundation grant.– Sound Speed as a Possible Predictor of Breast Cancer Risk.:

Duration: 09/07-08/09.– Sponsor: Susan G. Komen foundation

• Further reading: Duric, N., Littrup, P., Poulo, L., Babkin, A., Pevzner, R., Holsapple, E., Rama, O., Glide, C. Detection of Breast Cancer With Ultrasound Tomography: First Results with the Computerized Ultrasound Risk Evaluation (C.U.R.E) Prototype. Medical Physics Vol 34 (2), pp. 773-785. Feb 2007.

Structure noise and filtering

Measures Fibrous Stroma And Glandular tissue

Glandular Tissue defined largely by non-specular reflections

Fibrous Stroma defined by specular reflections

Reflection Image