Transcript of 2.1 George Washington & John Adams’ Federalist Administrations U.S. Unit 2: The Early Republic.
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- 2.1 George Washington & John Adams Federalist
Administrations U.S. Unit 2: The Early Republic
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- Vice President John Adams (Federalist) President George
Washington (Federalist) 1789-1797
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- George Washington First President Political Party:
______Federalist_______________ Vice-President: ______John
Adams_______________ As the first president, Washington had the
difficult job of beginning to run a government that only existed on
paper. What paper was that? ______Constitution_____________
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- 1. Cabinet CabinetWashington set up a Cabinet to help him run
the country. How many departments are there in the Cabinet now? 15
Was the Cabinet in the Constitution? George Washington needed help
running the executive branch Who was in Washingtons First Cabinet?
Secretary of StateThomas Jefferson Secretary of the
TreasuryAlexander Hamilton Secretary of WarHenry Knox Attorney
GeneralEdmund Randolph
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- 2. Hamiltons Financial Plan Hamilton had a four part financial
plan which Congress approved in 1790. 1) Assumption of the National
Debt The federal government would take on the debts that the states
owed to European banks and to American merchants. These Europeans
and merchants would want the country to succeed so they would get
their money back. Plus, Hamilton didnt want these countries or
states coming after individual states. 2) Protective Tariff- passed
in 1789, a tax on imported goods (goods coming into the country) to
raise revenue ($$) for the federal government 3) An Excise (Luxury)
Taxpassed in 1791 to raise revenue for the federal government
Colonial luxury: whiskey 4) A National Bank All of the money
collected from the tariff and the whiskey tax didnt go to the cost
of running the government, or to old debts. Hamilton didnt want to
pay off all the debts right away because he wanted the foreign
countries to WANT the United States to succeedand not do anything
to get in the way. The money left over would go into a national
bank.
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- 3. Whiskey Rebellion In 1794 western Pennsylvania farmers
protested and refused to pay the excise tax. (the internal tax put
on whiskey they made from grain.) They used their extra corn to
make whiskey. In some places, whiskey was used in place of
currency! The farmers wouldnt pay. They closed courts and harassed
tax collectors. Washington and Hamilton saw the rebellion as an
opportunity to demonstrate the power of the federal government.
Washington called out 12000 troops from state militias and put down
this Whiskey Rebellion. This showed American citizens and the world
that the government was committed to enforcing its laws.
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- 4. Foreign Policy of Neutrality What was happening? France and
Britain were fighting in Europe. There was a debate brewing in the
United States over which side we should ally with. Washington,
Hamilton, and other Federalists believed that in the long run the
United States would be better off by siding with Britain. Jefferson
and other Democrat-Republicans thought we should side with France
because they helped us during our Revolutionary War, and because we
believed in the French Revolution ideas of liberty, equality, and
fraternity.
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- Washingtons Proclamation of Neutrality 1793: The United States
would not take ____sides__ and would prosecute any civilian found
to be selling war supplies to either side. Why wouldnt we help our
good friends, the French? (the same ones who helped us at the
Battle of Saratogathe turning point of the American
Revolution)
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- but the British still wont LEAVE and were still
skirmishing
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- Jay Treaty What did the Jay Treaty say? In the Jay Treaty,
written in 1794 and ratified by Congress in 1795, the British
agreed to leave their forts in the Northwest Territory expand their
trade with the United States The British did NOT agree to stop
searching American ships for deserted British sailors stop
impressments, which forcing American sailors into service in the
British navy
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- 5. Two Term Precedent Set In 1796, President Washington refused
to run for a 3 rd term. If he had wanted to run for office again,
could he have? yes Why or why not? There was not a constitutional
amendment yet prohibiting it. Why did he not run for a 3 rd term?
He was old. Hed fought in the French & Indian War from
1754-1763, he led the Revolutionary Army from 1775-1781, and was
president from 1788- 1796. He had tried to keep the nation
politically united, but there were differing political parties and
opinions out there that frustrated him. He couldnt make everyone
happy.
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- Washingtons Farewell Address In his farewell address in 1796,
G.W. warned the American people that A system of political parties
agitates the Community will ill-founded jealousies and false
alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, and
stirs up riot and insurrection. What do you think he meant by
this?
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- Vice President: Thomas Jefferson (Democrat-Republican)
President John Adams (Federalist) 1797-1801
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- 1. Foreign Policy What was happening in France? 1798War between
France & Britain. France was mad that we were siding with the
British. They fired on and seized our shipsand we did it back. XYZ
Affair: John Adams sent diplomats to France to try and get them to
stop harassing American shipping. The diplomats were told by three
men who worked for French Minister Talleyrand (no namestheyre
called XYZ) that the U.S. would need to pay a bribe in order to
meet with French leadership. Americans rallied millions for
defense, but not one cent for tribute How did Federalists take
advantage of this? They increased the size of the army and raised
taxes. They created the Department of the Navy, all of which
expanded the powers of the national government.
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- 2. US reaction to France/Britains war Alien Act President
gained right to imprison or deport citizensof other countries
residing in the United States. Why might anti-Federalists (now
called Democrat-Republicans) be angered at this?
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- 2. US reaction to France/Britains war Sedition Act Persons who
wrote, published, or said anything against the government were
subject to heavy fines and imprisonment. Why might anti-Federalists
(now called Democrat-Republicans) be angered at this?
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- Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions Democrat-Republicans
thought that the Alien & Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote documents that were
presented to the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures which would
empower states to nullify federal laws. The resolutions were
adopted in only 2 states, so the issue diedthe idea of
nullification would come back though.
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- Election of 1800 Do you think John Adams had a chance at
winning? Thomas Jefferson became president in an election referred
to as the Revolution of 1800 because it marked a peaceful
transition of power from one group to anotherfrom the Federalists
to the Democrat-Republicans Next class: Political Parties &
Jeffersons Administration