The Presidency of John Adams Election of 1796 John Adams (Federalist Party) won 71 electoral votes...
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![Page 1: The Presidency of John Adams Election of 1796 John Adams (Federalist Party) won 71 electoral votes for President. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/5697c0261a28abf838cd5809/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Presidency of John Adams
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Election of 1796• John Adams (Federalist Party) won 71
electoral votes for President.• Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
won 68 electoral votes for President.• According to the Constitution at that time,
whoever received the most electoral votes became President and whoever came in 2nd became Vice President.
• What problems can you predict might come about because of this?
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2. Why was this unusual?
• Adams and Jefferson were from two different political parties.
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Abigail Adams• Had strong opinions about government
and politics because she was an avid reader.
• Advised her husband to “Remember the Ladies” in the new form of government that was being formed.
• John and Abigail Adams were the first President and First Lady to live in the White House.
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XYZ Affair• France was attacking American ships
because of Jay’s Treaty (with Britain) and Pinckney’s Treaty (with Spain).
• In hopes of negotiating a treaty with France, President Adams sent Charles Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, & John Marshall to Paris.
• They hoped to meet with Charles Talleyrand, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs.
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The Insult• The 3 Americans were kept waiting in Paris
for weeks.• Then they were approached by 3 of Talleyrand’s
agents, later referred to as X, Y, and Z.• He told them that Talleyrand would speak to
them if the U.S. would “lend” France $12 million and pay Talleyrand a bribe of $250 thousand.
• Pinckney answered, “No, no, not a sixpence!”• What do you think he meant by that?
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“No, no, not a sixpence!”
• 8. Not for any amount of $.
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The Reaction
• The 3 Americans told Pres. Adams who then told Congress about the “XYZ Affair”.
• “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute!” was a popular slogan that rang out around the country.
• What do you think that means?
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Americans Fight Back• Congress cancelled the treaties between
the U.S. and France.
• It also began to recruit an army and prepare for war.
• Fighting broke out at sea.
• The 22 ships of the American navy attacked and sank 84 French ships in a period of 3 years.
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War Protests• Democratic-Republicans
opposed the new taxes, the expanded army & navy, and the fighting against France.
• They accused Pres. Adams as being “the blasted tyrant of America.”
• Federalists called Democratic-Republicans “democrat, mobocrats, and all other kinds of rats.”
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Adams Fights Back• Pres. Adams blamed the Democratic-
Republican newspapers and the thousand of new immigrants.
• Most of the new immigrants were Democratic-Republicans. Why do you think that was?
• These aliens, or foreigners had to wait 5 years before they could become citizens.
• When they became citizens, the aliens would be able to vote.
• Federalists feared that these new citizens would vote the Federalists out of office.
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The Alien Acts
• The Federalist Congress passed laws stating that immigrants would have to wait 14 years before becoming citizens.
• In this way, Congress hoped to keep Federalists in power.
• The fewer immigrants who could become citizens, the fewer votes the Democratic-Republicans were likely to get in the next election.
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The Sedition Acts• These acts outlawed sedition, which they defined as
false or critical speech about the government.
• Federalists used this law to silence their critics by arresting about 25 Democratic-Republican newspaper editors and sending 10 to jail.
• One Congressman was locked up for criticizing the President.
• Which basic rights were being violated by these laws?
FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS
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Republicans’ Response
• Believed that liberty itself was at stake.
• Jefferson and James Madison used a theory known as “states’ rights” to challenge the new laws.
• The theory of states’ rights claims that states had the right to judge whether a law passed by Congress was constitutional.
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KENTUCKY & VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS
• The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (written by Jefferson and Madison) declared that the Alien and Sedition Acts had no legal force because they violated the Bill of Rights.
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Peace With France
• The Federalists continued to call for war against France.
• Then in 1799 the French, now led by Napoleon Bonaparte, stopped attacking American ships and declared that American representatives would welcome in France.
• Adams broke with the Federalists and sent another peace mission to France.
• In the Convention of 1800, the 2 countries signed an agreement to stop all naval attacks.
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President Adams
• President Adams broke with the Federalist Party when he sent a peace delegation to France. THEY WERE UPSET!
• Pres. Adams was proud of saving the country from unnecessary bloodshed.