Lesson 20

Present Subjunctive Active

Recitation

♦model verbs 6 tenses active and passive

amo amare amavi amatusPresent

amo amamus

amas amatis

amat amant

Imperfect

amabam amabamus

amabas amabatis

amabat amabant

Future

amabo amabimus

amabis amabitis

amabit amabunt

amo amare amavi amatusPerfect

amavi amavimus

amavisti amavistis

amavit amaverunt

Pluperfect

amaveram amaveramus

amaveras amaveratis

amaverat amaverant

Future Perfect

amavero amaverimus

amaveris amaveritis

amaverit amaverint

amo amare amavi amatusPresent

amor amamur

amaris amamini

amatur amantur

Imperfect

amabar amabamur

amabaris amabamini

amabatur amabantur

Future

amabor amabimur

amaberis amabimini

amabitur amabuntur

amo amare amavi amatusPerfect

amatus –a –um, sum amati –ae –a, sumus

es estis

est sunt

Pluperfect

amatus –a –um, eram amati –ae –a, eramus

eras eratis

erat erant

Future Perfect

amatus –a –um, ero amati –ae –a, erimus

eris eritis

erit erunt

moneo monēre monui monitus

Present

moneo monemus

mones monetis

monet monent

Imperfect

monebam monebamus

monebas monebatis

monebat monebant

Future

monebo monebimus

monebis monebitis

monebit monebunt

moneo monēre monui monitus

Perfect

monui monuimus

monuisti monuistis

monuit monuerunt

Pluperfect

monueram monueramus

monueras monueratis

monuerat monuerant

Future Perfect

monuero monuerimus

monueris monueritis

monuerit monuerint

moneo monēre monui monitus

Present

moneor monemur

moneris monemini

monetur monentur

Imperfect

monebar monebamur

monebaris monebamini

monebatur monebantur

Future

monebor monebimur

moneberis monebimini

monebitur monebuntur

moneo monēre monui monitus

Perfect

monitus –a –um, sum moniti –ae –a, sumus

es estis

est sunt

Pluperfect

monitus –a –um, eram moniti –ae –a, eramus

eras eratis

erat erant

Future Perfect

monitus –a –um, ero moniti –ae –a, erimus

eris eritis

erit erunt

rego regere rexi rectusPresent

rego regimus

regis regitis

regit regunt

Imperfect

regebam regebamus

regebas regebatis

regebat regebant

Future

regam regemus

reges regetis

reget regent

rego regere rexi rectusPerfect

rexi reximus

rexisti rexistis

rexit rexerunt

Pluperfect

rexeram rexeramus

rexeras rexeratis

rexerat rexerant

Future Perfect

rexero rexerimus

rexeris rexeritis

rexerit rexerint

rego regere rexi rectusPresent

regor regimur

regeris regimini

regitur reguntur

Imperfect

regebar regebamur

regebaris regebamini

regebatur regebantur

Future

regar regemur

regeris regemini

regetur regentur

rego regere rexi rectusPerfect

rectus –a –um, sum recti –ae –a, sumus

es estis

est sunt

Pluperfect

rectus –a –um, eram recti –ae –a, eramus

eras eratis

erat erant

Future Perfect

rectus –a –um, ero recti –ae –a, erimus

eris eritis

erit erunt

audio audire audivi auditusPresent

audio audimus

audis auditis

audit audiunt

Imperfect

audiebam audiebamus

audiebas audiebatis

audiebat audiebant

Future

audiam audiemus

audies audietis

audiet audient

audio audire audivi auditusPerfect

audivi audivimus

audivisti audivistis

audivit audiverunt

Pluperfect

audiveram audiveramus

audiveras audiveratis

audiverat audiverant

Future Perfect

audivero audiverimus

audiveris audiveritis

audiverit audiverint

audio audire audivi auditusPresent

audior audimur

audiris audimini

auditur audiuntur

Imperfect

audiebar audiebamur

audiebaris audiebamini

audiebatur audiebantur

Future

audiar audiemur

audieris audiemini

audietur audientur

audio audire audivi auditusPerfect

auditus –a –um, sum auditi –ae –a, sumus

es estis

est sunt

Pluperfect

auditus –a –um, eram auditi –ae –a, eramus

eras eratis

erat erant

Future Perfect

auditus –a –um, ero auditi –ae –a, erimus

eris eritis

erit erunt

capio capere cepi captusPresent

capio capimus

capis capitis

capit capiunt

Imperfect

capiebam capiebamus

capiebas capiebatis

capiebat capiebant

Future

capiam capiemus

capies capietis

capiet capient

capio capere cepi captusPerfect

cepi cepimus

cepisti cepistis

cepit ceperunt

Pluperfect

ceperam ceperamus

ceperas ceperatis

ceperat ceperant

Future Perfect

cepero ceperimus

ceperis ceperitis

ceperit ceperint

capio capere cepi captusPresent

capior capimur

caperis capimini

capitur capiuntur

Imperfect

capiebar capiebamur

capiebaris capiebamini

capiebatur capiebantur

Future

capiar capiemur

capieris capiemini

capietur capientur

capio capere cepi captusPerfect

captus –a –um, sum capti –ae –a, sumus

es estis

est sunt

Pluperfect

captus –a –um, eram capti –ae –a, eramus

eras eratis

erat erant

Future Perfect

captus –a –um, ero capti –ae –a, erimus

eris eritis

erit erunt

Recitation

♦imperatives

RecitationVerb Singular Plural Meaning

amo, amare ama amate Love!

moneo, monēre monē monete Warn!

rego, regere rege regite Rule!

capio, capere cape capite Take!

audio, audire audi audite Hear!

sum, esse es este Be!

dico, dicere dic dicite Speak!

duco, ducere duc ducite Lead!

facio, facere fac facite Make!

Recitation

♦5 declensions:mensa, servus, bellum, pater, flumen, portus, res

Recitation

♦Adjectives:acer acris acrebrevis –epotens potentis

Recitation

SIngular

M F

N

acer acris

acre

acris acris

acri acri

acrem acre

acri acri

Plural

M /F N

acres acria

acrium acrium

acribus acribus

acres acria

acribus acribus

Recitation

SIngular

M /F N

brevis breve

brevis brevis

brevi brevi

brevem breve

brevi brevi

Plural

M /F N

breves brevia

brevium brevium

brevibus brevibus

breves brevia

brevibus brevibus

RecitationM/F

Singular Plural

potens potentes

potentis potentium

potenti potentibus

potentem potentes

potenti potentibus

N

Singular Plural

potens potentia

potentis potentium

potenti potentibus

potens potentia

potenti potentibus

Recitation

♦Preposition Songs:-ab corum cum de ex in prae pro sine sub tenus

-ad ante apud in inter ob per post propter sub trans circum contra juxta

Recitation

♦Ordinal & Cardinal Numbers

RecitationCardinal Ordinal

unus –a –um one primus –a –um

first

duo –ae –o two secundus –a –um

second

tres tria three tertius –a –um

third

quattuor four quartus –a –um

fourth

quinque five quintus –a –um

fifth

sex six sextus –a –um

sixth

septem seven septimus –a –um

seventh

octo eight octavus –a –um

eighth

novem nine nonus –a –um

ninth

decem ten decimus –a –um

tenth

RecitationRoman

NumeralCardinal

XI undecim eleven

XII duodecim twelve

XIII tredecim thirteen

XIV quattuordecim

fourteen

XV quindecim fifteen

XVI sedecim sixteen

XVII septendecim seventeen

XVIII duodeviginti eighteen

XIX undeviginti nineteen

XX viginti twenty

Recitation3rd Person Pronouns;

Demonstrative Pronouns (1)Singular

Masculine

Feminine Neuter

is ea id

ejus ejus ejus

ei ei ei

eum eam id

eo eā eo

Plural

Masculine Feminine Neuter

ei eae ea

eorum earum eorum

eis eis eis

eos eas ea

eis eis eis

RecitationDemonstrative Pronouns (Near) (2)

Singular Plural

M F N M F N

hic haec hoc hi hae haechujus hujus hujus horu

mharum

horum

huic huic huic his his hishunc hanc hoc hos has haechoc hac hoc his his his

RecitationDemonstrative Pronouns (Far) (3)

Singular Plural

M F N M F N

ille illa illud illi illae illaillíus illíus illíus illoru

millarum

illorum

illi illi illi illis illis illisillum illam illud illos illas illaillo illā illo illis illis illis

RecitationDemonstrative Pronouns

(Near to Person Spoken to) (4)

Singular Plural

M F N M F N

iste ista istud isti istae ista

istíus istíus istíus istorum istarum

istorum

isti isti isti istis istis istis

istum istam istud istos istas ista

isto istā isto istis istis istis

RecitationIntensive Pronouns

Singular Plural

M F N M F N

ipse ipsa ipsum

ipsi ipsae ipsa

ipsíus ipsíus ipsíus

ipsorum

ipsarum

ipsorum

ipsi ipsi ipsi ipsis ipsis ipsis

ipsum ipsam ipsum

ipsos ipsas ipsa

ipso ipsā ipso ipsis ipsis ipsis

Recitation3rd Person Reflexive Pronouns

Case Form Meaning

Nom ----

Gen. sui of himself, herself, itself, themselves

Dat. sibi to/for himself, herself, itself, themselves

Acc. se himself, herself, itself, themselves

Abl. se ibwf himself, herself, itself, themselves

RecitationReflexive Pronoun Adjectives

Person

Singular Meaning

Plural Meaning

1st meus mea meum

my (own) noster nostra nostrum

our (own)

2nd tuus tua tuum your (own)

vester vestra vestrum

your (pl.) (own)

3rd suus sua suum his, her, its, their (own)

Latin Saying

Cáveat emptor.

Latin Sayings

Let the buyer beware.

Grammar Questions

What are the six attributes of a Latin verb?

Grammar Questions

What are the six attributes of a Latin verb?conjugation, person, number, tense,

voice, mood

Grammar Questions

How many conjugations are there? How many have we covered?

Grammar Questions

How many conjugations are there? How many have we covered?

There are four conjugations and we have covered all four.

Grammar Questions

How many persons? How many have we covered?

Grammar Questions

How many persons? How many have we covered?

There are three persons and we have covered all three.

Grammar Questions

How many numbers? How many have we covered?

Grammar Questions

How many numbers? How many have we covered?

There are two and we have covered both.

Grammar Questions

How many tenses? How many have we covered?

Grammar Questions

How many tenses? How many have we covered?

There are six and we have covered all six.

Grammar Questions

How many voices? How many have we covered? What are they?

Grammar Questions

How many voices? How many have we covered? What are they?

There are two, we have covered both, and they are active and passive.

Grammar Questions

How many moods? What are they? How many have we covered?

Grammar Questions

How many moods? What are they? How many have we covered?

There are three: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive. We have covered the first two.

Grammar

The subjunctive has two voices and four tenses; the future and future perfect are missing from the subjunctive.

Grammar

The subjunctive has two voices and four tenses; the future and future perfect are missing from the subjunctive.

The subjunctive is very common in Latin, but infrequent in English, where it is expressed by words such as let, may, might, should, could, and would.

Grammar

The difference between indicative and subjunctive:

indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions

Grammar

The difference between indicative and subjunctive:

indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions

My children go to school.

Grammar

The difference between indicative and subjunctive:

indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions

My children go to school. – actual/indicative

Grammar

The difference between indicative and subjunctive:

indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions

My children go to school. – actual/indicativeI want my children to go to school.

Grammar

The difference between indicative and subjunctive:

indicative: actual events or actionssubjunctive: potential events or actions

My children go to school. – actual/indicativeI want my children to go to school. –

potential/subjunctive

GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the

model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or

adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.

1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th

amem moneam regam capiam audiam

ames moneas regas capias audias

amet moneat regat capiat audiat

amemus

moneamus

regamus

capiamus

audiamus

ametis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis

ament moneant regant capiant audiant

GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the

model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or

adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.

1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th

amem moneam regam capiam audiam

ames moneas regas capias audias

amet moneat regat capiat audiat

amemus moneamus regamus

capiamus

audiamus

ametis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis

ament moneant regant capiant audiant

GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the

model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or

adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.

1st

amem

ames

amet

amemus

ametis

ament

In the 1st conjugation, substitute e for a.

GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the

model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or

adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.

In the 2nd conjugation, add a.

2nd

moneam

moneas

moneat

moneamus

moneatis

moneant

GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the

model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or

adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.

In the 3rd conjugation substitute a for vowels iou.

3rd

regam

regas

regat

regamus

regatis

regant

GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the

model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or

adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.

In the 3rd io conjugation add a.

3rd io

capiam

capias

capiat

capiamus

capiatis

capiant

GrammarIn the chart you see the present subjunctive active for all the

model verbs.Notice that present subjunctive is formed by changing or

adding the vowel directly before the personal ending.

In the 4th conjugation add a.

4th

audiam

audias

audiat

audiamus

audiatis

audiant

GrammarYou can learn the vowels of the present

subjunctive by remembering this sentence:We beat a liar. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th (3rd io)

1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th

amem moneam regam capiam audiam

ames moneas regas capias audias

amet moneat regat capiat audiat

amemus moneamus regamus

capiamus

audiamus

ametis moneatis regatis capiatis audiatis

ament moneant regant capiant audiant

GrammarThe meaning of the subjunctive is

determined by the context, but we will memorize these in the chart:

Person Singular Plural

1st I may love we may love

2nd you may love you all may love

3rd he, she, it may love

they may love

GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an

exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:

Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect

command)May he come. (strong wish)

GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an

exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:

Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect

command)May he come. (strong wish)

GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an

exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:

Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect

command)May he come. (strong wish)

GrammarHortatory SubjunctiveOften the subjunctive expresses an

exhortation, indirect command, or a strong wish, usually translated by let, may, and let/may:

Oremus Let us pray. (exhortation)Vincas May you overcome. (strong wish)Veniat Let him come. / (indirect

command)May he come. (strong wish)

Practice

♦Translatemittamus

Practice

♦TranslateLet us send.

Practice

♦TranslateJaciat.

Practice

♦TranslateLet him (her) throw.

Practice

♦Translateteneat

Practice

♦TranslateLet him (her) hold.

Practice

♦Translatedormias

Practice

♦TranslateMay you sleep.

Practice

♦Translatelaborent

Practice

♦TranslateLet them work.

Practice

♦TranslateLet us build a city.

Practice

♦TranslateUrbem struamus.

Practice

♦Conjugate muto in the indicative active and indicative passive.

Practice

♦Conjugate laudo, video, dico, facio, and venio in the present subjunctive active.