ISN pg 174174 title: The Battles of The Battles of World War IWorld War I

Preview:–What is Militarism? How did it

lead to WWI?–Who were the members of the

Triple Alliance?–Who were the members of the

Triple Entente?–How did the Industrial

Revolution lead to WWI?

The War to End The War to End All WarsAll Wars

The Battles of the Great War

The Powder Keg in the BalkansBy 1914, Europe was in bad

situation: countries had large armies & felt glory could be gained by winning war (militarism), were competitive after years of imperialism & rise of nationalism, had large alliances that might pull all countries into war

After years of fighting for new territory, great tension in Balkans

On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated

The War BeginsOn July 23, Austria-Hungary

issued an ultimatumultimatum to Serbia: –Either allow Austria-Hungarian

officials to investigate the assassination …OROR…

–Go to warOn July 28,1914 Serbia declined

the ultimatum & Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

World War 1 BeginsAustria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

& its ally Russia

On July 28,1914, Serbia declined the ultimatum

On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war

on Russia

On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war

on France

Italy backed out of its agreement with Germany &

Austria-Hungary…

…and joined the Allies

On August 4, 1914, England declared war on Germany &

Austria-Hungary

Recruits of the Central Powers

Recruits of the Central Powers

Austro-HungariansAustro-HungariansAustro-HungariansAustro-Hungarians

A German soldier A German soldier says bye to his says bye to his

mothermother

A German soldier A German soldier says bye to his says bye to his

mothermother

New French RecruitsNew French Recruits

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Mil

lio

ns

Schlieffen PlanProblem: Germany had enemies on

both west & east bordersSolution:

Germany could defeat France quickly before Russia could

enter war; Then fight

Russia

The Schlieffen

Plan

The Schlieffen

Plan

France anticipated a

German attack & built up defenses between France

& Germany

But…the Germans went

AROUND these defenses &

attacked through Belgium

Battle of the Marne & Battle of TannenbergThe Schlieffen Plan seemed to

be working as the German army had early wins & seemed

ready to take Paris

But, English & French saved Paris at the Battle of the Marne

Meanwhile, Russia mobilized faster than expected, so Germany had to divert troops

from France to fight the Russia army

Because France was not taken quickly & Russia got ready too fast, Germany had to abandon the

Schlieffen Plan & fight a 2-front war

Total WarWorld War 1 became the 1st war

to use total wartotal war tactics–Governments committed all their

nation’s resources & took over industry to win the war

–Soldiers were drafted, the media was censored, propaganda was created to support the war

–The enemy became the other nation, not just its soldiers

Total WarNew weapons were introduced:

Machine guns, tanks, airplanes, flame throwers, poison gas, blimps, heavy artillery, submarines (u-boats)

To protect themselves from the enemy, both the Allies & Central Powers built trenches

Realities of War Video

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank

U-BoatsU-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-BoatsAllied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The AirplaneThe Airplane

““Squadron Over the Brenta”Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917Max Edler von Poosch, 1917““Squadron Over the Brenta”Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

FlameThrowers

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchersGrenade

Launchers

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.

These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

Would you have “gone over the top”?

“No Man’s Land”

Total WarTrench warfare made it difficult for

either side to win a victoryWorld War I became a war of

attrition in which both the Allies & the Central Powers tried to out-last & wear down the enemy

Factories on the homefrontCurtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft PlantCurtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft PlantFrench Women Factory Workers French Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers

Recruitment Posters

Recruitment Posters

Anti-German PropagandaAnti-German Propaganda

A. The Western Front

A. The Western Front

B. The Eastern FrontSite of main fighting along the German-Russian border • Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to retreat• Battle of Tannenberg (1914) Russia suffers a disastrous defeat to Germany.• Russia’s war effort suffering by 1916; many

casualties, few supplies• Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable

force for a time- prevents Germany from sending more troops to

the Western Front • In 1918, Russia leaves WWI due to revolution at home

C. The Middle East Front

The Great War was a “world war”

Canada, Australia, & New Zealand supported Britain

France & Germany used African troops

England used Indian troops

Japan joined to take German colonies in

South East Asia

Ottomans allied with Germany

Turkish CavalryTurkish CavalrySikh British Soldiers in IndiaSikh British Soldiers in IndiaChinese Soldiers Chinese Soldiers