14 and 1500s

Reasons why the Renaissance began in Italy

• Humanism, humanists, and their works

• Innovations in Renaissance art, artists, and their works

• The New Monarchs and Machiavelli

• The Age of Exploration (Old Imperialism)– Motives– Technology– Countries Involved– Columbian Exchange

• Commercial Revolution (Price revolution) and mercantilism

• The Protestant Reformation and Reformers

• Religious Wars in France

• Revolts in the Netherlands

• Causes of the Scientific Revolution along with scientists, their theories, and works they wrote

• The De Medici

• Charles V

• Hapsburg-Valois Wars

• Phillip II of Spain

• Serfdom in eastern Europe

• Peasants’ Revolt in Germany

• Time of Troubles in Russia

• Papal Schism, Conciliar Movement, and Babylonian Captivity

• Catholic Counter Reformation

• Peace of Augsburg

• Gutenberg and results of his invention

• Causes of the Scientific Revolution• Copernicus• Galielo• Kepler• Harvey

• Baroque art movement

• Michel de Montaigne

Northern Renaissance

• Art, writers, etc.

1600s

• Anglo-Dutch Wars

• English Civil War– James I– Charles I– Cromwell– Charles II– James II

• Peter the Great

• Putting Out System

• Colbert

• Cossack Revolts in Russia

• Hobbes and Locke

• Louis XIV

• Test Act in England

1700s

• Agricultural Revolution and Enclosure Movement

• The Enlightenment, Salons and Deism

• Philosophes– Rousseau– Voltaire– Montequieu– D’Holbach– Hume– Diderot

• War of the Spanish Succession and Peace of Utrecht

• Frederick William I of Prussia

• Seven Years’ War

• Catherine the Great

• Partitions of Poland

• Louis XVI and the French Revolution

• Napoleon

• The Industrial Revolution and Inventions

• French Utopian Socialism

• Malthus and Ricardo

• Wollstonecraft

• Adam Smith and Capitalism

• Jenner and Vaccinations• Hausmann and Paris

• Neoclassical Art and Rococo Art

1800s

• Congress of Viena

• Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

• Great Britain: reform Bill of 1832; Poor Law Reform; Chartists; People’s Budget; Corn Laws; Mines’ Act; Reform Bill of 1867

• The New Imperialism– Motives– Locations– People– Countries involved– Post WWII

• Crimean War

• German and Italian unification– People involved– Methods used– results

• The Zollverein

• Great Famine in Ireland• Home Rule Bill

• Spencer and Social Darwinism

• Science in the 19th century• Comte and positivism• Darwin• Pasteur• Freud• Mendeleev

• Karl Marx and Engels

• Friederich List

• Nietzsche

• Romanticism in art– Artists– Characteristics– works

• Dreyfus Affair and Third Republic in France

• Alexander I of Russia and Sergei Witte

• Mill On Liberty

• Realism in art

• Impressionism in art

• Marie Curie

• The Dreyfus Affair and Zola

1900s

• Russo-Japanese War

• Russian Revolutions

• Balkan Wars

• Women’s suffrage movement in England

• Social Welfare legislation

• Planck and Quantum Theory• Eistein and theory of relativity

• Keynes and economics

• Rutherford and atoms

• existentialism

• Lenin and his NEP program

• The Totalitarian Dictators– Mussolini– Hitler– Stalin

• Dawes Plan and Great Depression in Europe

• WWI

• WWII

• Marshall Plan

• NATO and Warsaw Pacts

• The European Union

• Civil War in Yugoslavia

• The Cold War

• Balfour Declaration and founding of Israel

• Student rebellion in France, 1968

• Spanish Civil War

• Women after WWII

Fall of Communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

• Bauhaus style of architecture

• Dadaism, Cubism, Post Impressionism and surrealism in art

• New technologies in the 20th century