SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

The Age of Reason

1500s thru the 1700s

Scientific Revolution

Emphasis on reason and the systematic observation of nature

– Know this definition.

– Reason: the power of acquiring intellectual knowledge based on facts or premises

Food for thought

The accomplishments of one era (like the Age of Exploration) often serve as a catalyst for change in another era (like the Scientific Revolution).

What does this mean? Can you think of examples?

Scientific Revolution

Causes of the Scientific Revolution– Medieval Universities– The Renaissance– Renewed emphasis on mathematics– Renaissance system of patronage– Navigational problems of long sea voyages– Better scientific instruments

How can these events cause people to think differently?

Scientific Revolution

New interest in science led to discoveries and philosophies based on reason

Scientific Revolution starts with a new interpretation of the workings of our solar system

• Know this.

Scientific Revolution

During the Renaissance, most believed the earth was the center of the universe and the Church supported this.– Remember what happens to people who

disagree with the Church?

Flashcards

You will be creating flashcards to help you remember these scientists. Pay attention to directions.

You can use the following slides to help you fill in the necessary information on the cards.

Your cards should be similar to the example shown next.

Nicholaus Copernicus 1473-1543

Polish astronomer• Know him.

Proved the Heliocentric theory

• Know this definition.

– The earth revolves around the sun

Galileo Galilei1564-1642

Italian mathematician• Know him.

Used new improved telescope to prove Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory was correct

Galileo

Was forced to recant by Catholic Church• Know this definition.

Galileo

Famous experiment with the speed of falling bodies and their weight at the Leaning Tower of Pisa

Johannes Kepler1571-1630

German astronomer– Know him.

Used math to prove the earth’s orbit was elliptical, not circular as Copernicus believed

– Know the definition.

– Theory of planetary motion– Know this.

Francis Bacon1561-1626

English philosopher• Know him.

Made the use of the Scientific Method popular– Hypothesis – Collect data– Analyze data– Conclusion.

– Know definition and steps

Rene Descartesearly 1600s

French philosopher and mathematician– Know him.

Invented analytical geometryHelped to develop the Scientific Method

Rene Descartes

Believed the truth must be reached through reason

Wrote Discourse on Method– Know his book.

– Only one undeniable truth—his own existence—so question everything

– “I think, therefore I am.”– Know this quote.

Sir Isaac Newton1642-1727

English mathematician – Know him.

Wrote Principia (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy)

– Know his book.

– Considered the greatest scientific book ever written

Developed calculus– Know this.

Sir Isaac Newton

Developed the Theory of Universal Gravitation

– Know this

– Force of gravity holds things on earth and holds the solar system together

Sir Isaac Newton

Considered the greatest and most influential scientist of all time

“If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.”

• Know this quote.

– What did he mean?

Andreas Vesalius1514-1564

Flemish doctorWrote The Structure

of the Human Body.• Know his book.

Started the science of anatomy

• Know definition.

William Harvey1578-1657

English doctorDiscovered how the blood circulates

through the body• Know this.

Robert Hookemid-1600s

English doctorUsed the microscope to discover the cell

• Know this.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch scientist Improved the

microscope and saw bacteria

• Know him.

MAP OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Help from Monarchs

Monarchs helped scientists in their studies

• Know this fact.

Royal Society of London (1662)

French Academy of Science (1666)– Could there have been a

Scientific Revolution without the financial support and encouragement of the government or patrons?