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The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems

CHAPTER 0

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

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Before you can drive the Robotic Car, you must pass your HW Code Test then your PDL.

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OBJECTIVES

Convert any number from base 2, base 10, or base 16 to either of the other two bases Add and subtract hex numbers Add binary numbers Represent any binary number in 2's complement Represent an alphanumeric string in ASCII code Describe logical operations AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR Use logic gates to diagram simple circuits Explain the difference between a bit, a nibble, a byte, and a word Give precise mathematical definitions of the terms kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, and

terabyte. Explain the difference between RAM and ROM and describe their use Describe the purpose of the major components of a computer system List the three types of buses found in computers and describe the purpose of each type of

bus Describe the role of the CPU in computer systems List the major components of CPU and describe the purpose of each

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Binary logic

Figure 0–2 Binary Signals

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Logic gates

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Logic design using gates

Figure 0–3 Two Implementations of a Half-Adder

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 0–4 Block Diagram of a Half-Adder

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 0–5 Full-Adder Built from a Half-Adder

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 0–6 3-Bit Adder Using 3 Full-Adders

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 0–7 Address Decoders

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 0–8 D Flip-Flops

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

Some important terminology

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

Internal organization of computers

Figure 0–9 Inside the Computer

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

More about the data bus

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

More about the address bus

Figure 0–10 Internal Organization of Computers

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

Inside CPUs

Figure 0–11 Internal Block Diagram of a CPU

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

Internal working of computers

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Next …

Lecture Problems Textbook Chapter 0– Answer as many questions as you can and

submit via MeL before the end of the lecture. (HINT: Do the easy questions first)

Proteus Exercise Textbook Chapter 0– Do as much of the Proteus exercise as you can

and submit via MeL before the end of the lecture.