Project report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

68
Submitted By :- Anjali Rai EC4873 Archna Dhiman EC4881 Jyoti Thakur EC 4894 Monika Chauhan EC4904 Neha Verma EC4907

Transcript of Project report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

Page 1: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

Submitted By :-

Anjali Rai EC4873

Archna Dhiman EC4881

Jyoti Thakur EC 4894

Monika Chauhan EC4904

Neha Verma EC4907

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Acknowledgment

Preface

Company profiles

Embedded system

Introduction

Applications of embedded system

Microcontroller

Introduction

Definition of microcontroller

Block diagram

Microprocessor

Introduction

Definition of microprocessor

Block diagram

Difference between microcontroller and microprocessor

TABLE OF CONTENT

TOPIC

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Various microcontrollers

8031

8051

AT89C51

8051 microcontroller architecture

Block diagram

Pin diagram

Pin description

Microcontroller memory organization

Program memory

Data memory

Software used

Various steps to use compiler

How to debug the program

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Interfacing with various devicesLED InterfacingDC MotorRelayStepper MotorSeven SegmentLCD Interfacing

Project descriptionIntroduction to projectCircuit diagram of Home Security PrototypeProject methodologyProcedureDescription in detailApplication and advantagesFuture development

Reference and Bibliography

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COMPANY PROFILES

EEAST is a complete R & D organization dedicated to provide electronics andAdvanced Software Products and Solutions to its clients. Achieving the needs ofour costumer and converting their ideas to real models is our motto.

We are working in the field of Embedded systems, Automation and advancedsystem design for the last five years with the vision of becoming a center ofExcellence to provide Solutions, Services and Training in various fields oftechnologies.

EEAST is an organization providing advanced projects, complete electronicssolutions in development systems like microprocessor, micro-controllers,wireless communications, optical-fiber communications, real time operatingsystems, digital signal processing,

Embedded systems and Micro-sensors including software solution, solution inC, C++, Java, Net, Visual basic, embedded C and embedded LINUX.

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INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

An Embedded System employs a combination of hardware & software (a“ computational engine”) to perform a specific function; is part of alarger system that may not be a “computer works in a reactive and time-constrained environment. Software is used for providing features andflexibility. Hardware ={Processors, ASICs, Memory...} is usedfor performance (& sometimes security )

An embedded system is a special purpose system in which the computeris completely encapsulated by the device it controls.

Unlike a general purpose computer, such as a PC, an embedded systemperforms predefined task’s usually with very specific tasks designengineers can optimize it reducing the size and cost of the product.Embedded systems are often mass produced, so the cost savings may bemultiplied by millions of items.

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The core of any embedded system is formed by oneor several microprocessor or micro controllerprogrammed to perform a small number of tasks.In contrast to a general purpose computer, whichcan run any software application, the user chooses,the software on an embedded system is semi-permanent, so it is often called firmware.

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APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM Automated tiller machines (ATMS). Avionic, such as inertial guidance systems, flight control hardware /software

and letter integrated system in aircraft and missile. Cellular telephones and telephonic switches. Computer network equipment, including routers timeservers and firewalls Computer printers, Copiers .Disk drives (floppy disk drive and hard disk drive) Engine controllers and antilock brake controllers for automobiles. Home automation products like thermostat, air conditioners sprinkles and

security monitoring system. House hold appliances including microwave ovens, washing machines, TV sets

DVD players/recorders. Medical equipment Stationary video game controllers. Wearable computers. Measurement equipment such as digital storage oscilloscopes, logic analyzers

and spectrum analyzers. Multimedia appliances: internet radio receivers, TV set top boxes.

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MICROPROCESSOR (MPU)

A microprocessor is a general-purpose digitalcomputer central processing unit (CPU). Althoughpopularly known as a “computer on a chip”is in no sense a complete digital computer. Theblock diagram of a microprocessor CPU is shown,which contains an arithmetic and logical unit (ALU),program counter (PC), a stack pointer (SP),someworking registers, a clock timing circuit, and interruptcircuits.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICROPROCESSOR

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The prime use of microprocessor is to read data, performextensive calculations on that data and store them in themass storage device or display it. The prime functions ofmicrocontroller is to read data, perform limitedcalculations on it, control its environment based on thesedata.

Thus the microprocessor is said to be general-purposedigital computers whereas the microcontroller are intendto be special purpose digital controller.

Microprocessor need many opcodes for moving data fromthe external memory to the CPU, microcontroller mayrequire just one or two, also microprocessor may have oneor two types of bit handling instructions whereasmicrocontrollers have many.

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Lastly, the microprocessor design accomplishes thegoal of flexibility in the hardware configuration byenabling large amounts of memory and I/O that couldbe connected to the address and data pins on the ICpackage. The microcontroller design uses much morelimited set of single and double byte instructions tomove code and data from internal

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Microcontroller Microcontroller, as the name suggests, are small contro

llers. They are like single chip computers that are oftenembedded into other systems to function asprocessing/controlling unit. For example, the remotecontrol you are using probably has microcontrollersinside that do decoding and other controllingfunctions. They are also used in automobiles, washingmachines, microwave ovens, toys ... etc, whereautomation is needed

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The key features of microcontrollers include: High Integration of Functionality

Microcontrollers sometimes are called single-chipcomputers because they have on-chip memory andI/O circuitry and other circuitries that enable them tofunction as small stand alone computers without othersupporting circuitry.

Field Programmability, Flexibility

Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM astheir storage device to allow field programmability sothey are flexible to use. Once the program is tested tobe correct then large quantities of microcontrollerscan be programmed to be used in embedded systems

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A Timer module to allow the microcontroller toperform tasks for certain time periods.

A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between themicrocontroller and other devices such as a PC oranother microcontroller.

An ADC to allow the microcontroller to acceptanalogue input data for processing

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The design incorporates all of the features found in microprocessor CPU: ALU, PC, SP, and registers. It also added the other features needed to make a complete computer: ROM, RAM, parallel I/O, serial I/O, counters, and clock circuit

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEM MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

MICROPROCESSORS MICROCONTROLLERS1.Microprocessors contain no 1.

Microcontrollers have an internal RAM or ROM. RAM and a ROM

2. Microprocessor don’t have any I/O 2.Microcontrollers have I/O

ports.Ports.3. Advantage of versatility. 3. Advantage of less power

consumption.4. Expensive. 4. Cheaper in comparison.5. With the addition of external RAM 5. Occupies less space.And ROM, the system is more bulky.

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VARIOUS MICROCONTROLLERS First microcontroller is ‘8031’

FEATURES

1. It is Intel’s product. Neither a microprocessor nor amicrocontroller.

2. It is 8-bit controller.

3. Internally no RAM is provided i.e. code is outside the chip.

Second microcontroller is ‘8051’

FEATURES

1. It is first complete 8-bit microcontroller.

2. It is a name of a family. In which the instruction set, pinconfiguration, architecture are same, only memory storagecapacity is different.

3. Internally PROM (programmable read only memory) isprovided so it called one time programmable (OTP)

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Third microcontroller is ‘AT89C51’

FEATURES

1. It is similar to 8051 microcontroller i.e. having sameinstruction set, pin configuration, architecture.

2. It is also 8-bit microcontroller. It’s cost is only Rs 10 morethan 8051.

3. It uses EPROM (erasable programmable read onlymemory) or FLASH memory.

4. It is multiple time programmable (MTP) i.e. 1000 times.So it is better than 8051.

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ATMEL 89C51 It is a lower-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable anderasable read only memory (PEROM).

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-densitynonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with theindustry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. Theon chip Flash allows the program memory to bereprogrammed in system or by a conventional nonvolatilememory programmer.

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on amonolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerfulmicrocontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

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THE 8051

MICROCONTROLLER

The 8051 provides the following standard features:

• 4k bytes of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, and five vector two-level interruptarchitecture, a full duplex serial port, on- chip oscillatorand clock circuitry

• In addition, the 8051 is designed with static logic foroperation down to zero frequency and supports twosoftware selectable power saving modes.

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ON-CHIP

ROM for

program

code

EXTERNAL

INTERRUPTS

ON-CHIP RAM

ETC.

TIMER 0

CPU

OSCBUS

CONTROL

4 I/O

PORTS

SERIAL

PORT

TXD RXD

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER

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THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER’S ARCHITECTURE Eight bit CPU with registers A (the accumulator) & B. Sixteen bit program counter (PC) and data pointer (DPTR). Eight bit program status word (PSW). Eight bit stack pointer (SP). Internal ROM or EPROM. Internal RAM of 128 bytes

Four register banks, each containing eight registers.Sixteen bytes, which may be addressed at the bit level.Eight bytes of general-purpose data memory.

Thirty two I/O pins arranged as four-bit ports P0-P3. Two 16-bit timer/counters T0 and T1. Full duplex serial data received/transmitter. Two external and three internal interrupt sources.

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PIN DESCRIPTION Vcc

Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. The voltage source is +5 V. GND

Pin 20 is the ground.

X1 and X2

The 8051 have an on-chip oscillator but requires external clock to run it. Mostoften a quartz crystal oscillator is connected to input X1 (pin 19) and X2 (pin18).

RESET

Pin 9 is the reset pin. It is an input and is active high (normally low).

EA

EA, which stands for “external access,” is pin number 31 in the DIPpackages. It is input pin and must be connected to either Vcc or GND. Inother words, it cannot be left unconnected.

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PSEN

This is an output pin. PSEN stands for “program store enable.” It is

the read strobe to external program memory

ALE

ALE (Address latch enable) is an output pin and is active high

I/O port pins

The four ports P0, P1, P2, and P3 each use 8 pins, making them 8-bit ports. All the ports upon RESET are configured as output, ready to be used as output ports. To use any of these as input port, it must be programmed.

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Software Used

The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed tosolve the complex problems facing embeddedsoftware developers.

When starting a new project, simply select themicrocontroller you use from the Device Database andthe µVision IDE sets all compiler, assembler, linker,and memory options for you.

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INTERFACING WITH VARIOUS DEVICES:LED INTERFACING CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

D3

LED

C?CAP NP

D7

LED

D4

LED

D5

LED

D8

LED

U?

AT89C52

91819 29

30

31

12345678

2122232425262728

1011121314151617

3938373635343332

RSTXTAL2XTAL1 PSEN

ALE/PROG

EA/VPP

P1.0/T2P1.1/T2-EXP1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P2.0/A8P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10P2.3/A11P2.4/A12P2.5/A13P2.6/A14P2.7/A15

P3.0/RXDP3.1/TXD

P3.2/INTOP3.3/INT1

P3.4/TOP3.5/T1

P3.6/WRP3.7/RD

P0.0/AD0P0.1/AD1P0.2/AD2P0.3/AD3P0.4/AD4P0.5/AD5P0.6/AD6P0.7/AD7

D1

LED

R1R

40

D2

LED

Y?

CRYSTAL

VCC

D6

LED

20

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Like a normal diode, an LED consists of a chip of semiconductingmaterial impregnated, or doped, with impurities to create a p-njunction.

LEDs are usually built on an n-type substrate, with an electrodeattached to the p-type layer deposited on its surface. P-type substrates,while less common, occur as well.

Many commercial LEDs, especially GaN/InGaN, also use sapphiresubstrate. Substrates that are transparent to the emitted wavelength,and backed by a reflective layer, increase the LED efficiency.

The refractive index of most LED semiconductors is quite high, so inalmost all cases the LED is coupled into a much lower-index medium.

The large index difference makes the reflection quite substantial (perthe Fresnel coefficients), and this is usually one of the dominant causesof LED inefficiency.

Often more than half of the emitted light is reflected back at the LED-package and package-air interfaces impurities to create a p-n junction.

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There are two methods of LED interfacing:

Common Anode Method

Common Cathode Method

Here we have employed Common Anode Method

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FOUR ON FOUR OFF PATTERN

#include<reg51.h> // this file contains the Ports and SFR address of 8051#include<delay.h> // this file is used to produce seconds and milliseconds delay#define led P1 // 'P1' is given the another name as ‘led’, u can use 'led' Or

directly 'P1'//for programming

Void main () // main program starts from here{while (1) // Repeat forever{led=0xf0; // light on lower 4 leds '0'-> ON (11110000)secdelay (1); // 1 secdelayled=0x0f; // light on upper 4 leds '1'-> OFF (00001111)secdelay (1);}}

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DC MOTOR INTERFACINGCircuit Diagram

1 2

VCC

Y1

G R O U N D

1 0 U FU1

8051

31

19

18

9

12131415

12345678

3938373635343332

2122232425262728

1716

29

301110

40

20

EA/VP

X1

X2

RESET

INT0INT1T0T1

P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6P0.7

P2.0P2.1P2.2P2.3P2.4P2.5P2.6P2.7

RDWR

PSEN

ALE/PTXDRXD

VCC

VSS

SW1

RE

SE

T S

/W

12

VCC

C2

1 2

S 3

1 0 K

S 11 2

S 2

MG2

M O T O R D C

12

U5

U L 2 0 0 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16IN1

IN2

IN3

IN4

IN5

IN6

IN7

GRD VCC

OUT7

OUT6

OUT5

OUT4

OUT3

OUT2

OUT1

D E V I C E

K1

R E L A Y S P D T

35

412

C3

C

R2

R E S I S T O R S I P 1 0

123456789

10

3 3 P F

C R Y S T A L3 3 P F

VCC

C1

R1

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Working Principle

The principle upon which the d.c. motor works is very

simple. If a current carrying conductor is placed in a

magnetic field, mechanical force is experienced on the

conductor, the direction of which is given by the Fleming's

left hand rule and hence the conductor moves in the

direction of force. The magnitude of the mechanical force

experienced on the conductor is given by:

F = B Ic Lc newton

where B is the field strength in teslas,

Ic is the current flowing through the conductor in amperes

and Lc is the length of the conductor in metres.

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ON -OFF DC MOTOR

#include<reg51.h>

#include<delay.h>

/* define the motor using sbit as dc motor */

sbit dc_motor=P0^5;

#define ON 1

#define OFF 0

void main()

{

while(1)

{

dc motor=ON; // switch on the Dc motor

secdelay(3);

dc_motor=OFF; // switch OFF the Dc motor

secdelay(2);

}

}

Page 35: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

RELAY INTERFACING

ELECTROMAGNETIC solenoid valve

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The electromagnetic relay consists of a multi-turn coil,wound on an iron core, to form an electromagnet.

When the coil is energised, by passing current through it,the core becomes temporarily magnetised. The magnetisedcore attracts the iron armature. The armature is pivotedwhich causes it to operate one or more sets of contacts.

When the coil is de-energised the armature and contactsare released. The coil can be energised from a low powersource such as a transistor while the contacts can switchhigh powers such as the mains supply.

The relay can also be situated remotely from the controlsource. Relays can generate a very high voltage across thecoil when switched off. This can damage other componentsin the circuit.

To prevent this a diode is connected across the coil.

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As there are always some chances of high voltage spikes back from the switching circuit i.e. heater so an up to coupler/isolator MCT2e is used.

It provides and electrical isolation between the microcontroller and the heater

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

1 2

VCC

Y1

G R O U N D

1 0 U FU1

8051

31

19

18

9

12131415

12345678

3938373635343332

2122232425262728

1716

29

301110

40

20

EA/VP

X1

X2

RESET

INT0INT1T0T1

P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6P0.7

P2.0P2.1P2.2P2.3P2.4P2.5P2.6P2.7

RDWR

PSEN

ALE/PTXDRXD

VCC

VSS

SW1

RE

SE

T S

/W

12

VCC

C2

1 2

S 3

1 0 K

S 11 2

S 2

MG2

M O T O R D C

12

U5

U L 2 0 0 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16IN1

IN2

IN3

IN4

IN5

IN6

IN7

GRD VCC

OUT7

OUT6

OUT5

OUT4

OUT3

OUT2

OUT1

D E V I C E

K1

R E L A Y S P D T

35

412

C3

C

R2

R E S I S T O R S I P 1 0

123456789

10

3 3 P F

C R Y S T A L3 3 P F

VCC

C1

R1

Page 39: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

SIMPLE RELAY CONTROL

#include<reg51.h>

#include<delay.h>

sbit dev=P0^6; // define the 220v device using sbit as dev

#define ON 1

#define OFF 0

void main()

{

while(1)

{

dev=ON;

secdelay(5);

dev=OFF;

secdelay(3);

}

}

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STEPPER MOTOR A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts

electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. Steppermotor is a form of ac. motor .

The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete stepincrements when electrical command pulses are applied to it inthe proper sequence.

The motors rotation has several direct relationships to theseapplied input pulses.

The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to thedirection of motor shafts rotation.

The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to thefrequency of the input pulses and the length of rotation isdirectly related to the number of input pulses applied

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For every input pulse, the motor shaft turns through aspecified number of degrees, called a step.

Its working principle is one step rotation for oneinput pulse. The range of step size may vary from0.72 degree to 90 degree.

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A stepper motor differs from a conventional motor (CM)

as under:

Input to SM is in the form of electric pulses whereasinput to a CM is invariably from a constant voltagesource.

A CM has a free running shaft whereas shaft of SMmoves through angular steps.

In control system applications, no feedback loop isrequired when SM is used but a feedback loop isrequired when CM is used.

A SM is a digital electromechanical device whereas aCM is an analog electromechanical device .

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

R1

VCC

1 0 K

Y1

3 3 P F

VCC

S 11 2

1 2

C1

U1

8051

31

19

18

9

12131415

12345678

3938373635343332

2122232425262728

1716

29

301110

40

20

EA/VP

X1

X2

RESET

INT0INT1T0T1

P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6P0.7

P2.0P2.1P2.2P2.3P2.4P2.5P2.6P2.7

RDWR

PSEN

ALE/PTXDRXD

VCC

VSS

C R Y S T A L

S 2

C2

VCC

3 3 P F

MG1M O T O R S T E P P E R

123

4 5 6

1 2

C3

1 0 U F

G R O U N D

S 3

U5

U L 2 0 0 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16IN1

IN2

IN3

IN4

IN5

IN6

IN7

GRD VCC

OUT7

OUT6

OUT5

OUT4

OUT3

OUT2

OUT1

C

R2

R E S I S T O R S I P 1 0

123456789

10

SW1

RE

SE

T S

/W

12

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DIRECTION CONTROL

#include<reg51.h>#include<delay.h>sbit m1=P0^0; // define the four windings of stepper motor using sbit m1,m2,m3,m4

sbit m2=P0^1;sbit m3=P0^2;sbit m4=P0^3;void mov_clk(){

m1=1;m2=0;m3=0;m4=0; //give high pulse to m1 motor moves one step angle in// clockwise

ms_delay(200);m1=0;m2=1;m3=0;m4=0; //give high pulse to m2 motor moves two step angle in

// clockwisems_delay(200);

m1=0;m2=0;m3=1;m4=0; //give high pulse to m3 motor moves three step angle in// clockwise

ms_delay(200);m1=0;m2=0;m3=0;m4=1; //give high pulse to m4 motor moves four step angle in// clockwise

ms_delay(200);}

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void mov_anticlk(){

m1=0;m2=0;m3=0;m4=1; //give high pulse to m4 motor moves one step angle in

// anti clockwisems_delay(200);

m1=0;m2=0;m3=1;m4=0;ms_delay(200);m1=0;m2=1;m3=0;m4=0;ms_delay(200);m1=1;m2=0;m3=0;m4=0;ms_delay(200);

}void motor_stop(){m1=0;m2=0;m3=0;m4=0;}

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void main(){

while(1){

mov clk(); // motor moves in clock wise direction

motor stop(); // motor stopssecdelay(2);mov anticlk(); // motor moves in

anticlock wise direction motor stop(); // motor stopssecdelay(2);

}}

Page 47: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

SEVEN SEGMENT INTERFACING

The seven-segment LED display has four individualdigits, each with a decimal point.

Each of the seven segments (and the decimal point) ina given digit contains an individual LED.

When a suitable voltage is applied to a given segmentLED, current flows through and illuminates thatsegment LED. By choosing which segments toilluminate, any of the nine digits can be shown

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Seven segment displays come in two varieties -common anode (CA) and common cathode (CC).

In a CA display, the anodes for the seven segments andthe decimal point are joined into a single circuit node.

To illuminate a segment in a CA display, the voltage ona cathode must be at a suitably lower voltage (about.7V) than the anode.

In a CC display, the cathodes are joined together, andthe segments are illuminated by bringing the anodevoltage higher than the cathode node (again, by about.7V).

The Digilab board uses CA displays.

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Circuit diagram

VCC

U 2

7 - s e g m e n t

5 4 3 2 110

9876g f

vcc a b

hcvcc

de

1 0 U F

L E D 3

SW1

RE

SE

T S

/W

12

1 2

L E D 7

L E D 4

C2

L E D 2

1 0 K

1 2

U1

8051

31

19

18

9

12131415

12345678

3938373635343332

2122232425262728

1716

29

301110

40

20

EA/VP

X1

X2

RESET

INT0INT1T0T1

P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6P0.7

P2.0P2.1P2.2P2.3P2.4P2.5P2.6P2.7

RDWR

PSEN

ALE/PTXDRXD

VCC

VSS

S 11 2

VCC

G R O U N D

C R Y S T A L3 3 P F

L E D 1

3 3 P F

Y1

R2

4 7 0 E

S 2

L E D 5

S 3

V C C ( 5 V )

C3

L E D 8

R1

C1

L E D 6

Page 51: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

UP COUNTER

#include<reg51.h>#include<delay.h>#define seg_port P2 //define segment port// array is used to store the value of data to be sent on the port to display // any digit on seven segment as belowunsigned char seg_array[10]={0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90};void main(){unsigned char count;

while(1){

for(count=0;count<10;count++){

seg_port=seg_array[count]; // put array digit value from array to the port secdelay(1);

}}

}

Page 52: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

LCD

LCDDisplay

Liquid crystal displays (LCD) are widely used in recentyears as compares to LEDs. This is due to the decliningprices of LCD, the ability to display numbers,characters and graphics, incorporation of a refreshingcontroller into the LCD, their by relieving the CPU ofthe task of refreshing the LCD and also the ease ofprogramming for characters and graphics. HD 44780based LCDs are most commonly used.

Page 53: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

LCD pin description

Vcc

1615141312111098

654321

7

1615141312111098

654321

7

D7

E

Vcc

D4

ContrastRS

Gnd

R/W

Gnd

D0

D3

D6D5

13

2

D2D1

Page 54: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

Pin Symbol I/O Description

1 VSS - Ground

2 VCC - +5V power supply

3 VEE - Power supply to control contrast

4 RS I RS=0 to select command register, RS=1 to select data register.

5 R/W I R/W=0 for write, R/W=1 for read

6 E I/O Enable

LCD pin description

Page 55: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

Pin Symbol I/O Description

7 PB0 I/O The 8 bit data bus

8 PB1 I/O The 8 bit data bus

9 DB2 I/O The 8 bit data bus

10 DB3 I/O The 8 bit data bus

11 DB4 I/O The 8 bit data bus

12 DB5 I/O The 8 bit data bus

13 DB6 I/O The 8 bit data bus

14 DB7 I/O The 8 bit data bus

Page 56: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

Circuit diagram

Page 57: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

LCD FUNCTION

#include<reg51.h>#include<delay.h>#define DATA P1 // define DATA and Control Pins of LCDsbit RS=P3^5;sbit RW=P3^6;sbit E=P3^7;

void lcd_cmd(unsigned char data x) // function to write command at lcd port {

ms_delay(20);DATA=data x;RS=0; //clear RS (i.e. RS=0) to write commandRW=0; // write operationE=1; // send H-L pulse at E pinms_delay(5);E=0;

}

Page 58: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

void lcd_data (unsigned char datax) // function to write data at lcd port {

ms_delay(20);DATA=datax;RS=1; // set RS=1 to write DATARW=0; // write operation

E=1; // send H-L pulse at E pinms_delay (5);E=0;

}void lcd_init() // function to initialize the LCD at power on time{

lcd_cmd(0x38); // 2x16 display selectms_delay(3);lcd_cmd (0x38); // 2x16 display selectms_delay(3);lcd_cmd (0x0c); // display on cursor off commandms_delay(3);lcd_cmd (0x06); // automatic cursor movement to rightms_delay(3);lcd_cmd (0x01); // lcd clear command ms_delay(3);lcd_cmd (0x80); // first row first column select commandms_delay(3);

}

Page 59: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

void lcd_puts(unsigned char *str) // function to display string to lcd{

while(*str!='\0'){

lcd_data(*str);str++;

}}

void displaypval(unsigned int datax) // function to display 3 digit decimal value to lcd{unsigned int temp,temparr[3];

for(temp=3;temp>0;temp--){

temparr[temp-1]=datax%10;datax=datax/10;

}for(temp=0;temp<3;temp++){

lcd_data(temparr[temp]+48);}

}

Page 60: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

void main(){

lcd_init();while(1){

lcd_cmd(0x80);lcd_puts("Value");

lcd_cmd(0xc0);displaypval(123);

}

}

Page 61: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

HOME SECURITY SYSTEM

Page 62: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller
Page 63: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

INTRODUCTION THE NEED

Our doors serve as entrances to our homes and offices.They may also provide access to strangers, criminals andoffenders. So how do we secure our doors and preventintrusions by these people? This is the sole of purpose ofdoor locks. They keep us and our properties safe andprotected

The method of lock picking involves opening the door lockwith a locking tool kit. A basic kit contains a screwdriver orother types of tension wrench and a lock pin, which is along and thin piece of metal that is curved at one end. Incases of emergencies, a hairpin may substitute for the lockpin.

Page 64: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

A professional kit, on the other hand, contains severaltypes of tension wrenches in varying in sizes and shapesand lock pins with different dimensions. It may alsocontain a pick gun which is an instrument that vibrates andpush several lock pins at the same time.

The main goal of this project is develop an embeddedpassword security door lock system usingmicrocontroller. In this project we are going to use 4x4keypad to enter the security lock. Heremicrocontroller place major role which is nothing butdecision of door opening. Here predefined passwordis stored in microcontroller. We have to write a codesuch that whenever password is entered from keypadif that password is matches door has to open.Otherwise buzzer has to on.

Page 65: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

PROJECT METHODOLOGYComponent Name Quantity1.Power supply section

Plug with wire 1

Step down transformer 1

1N4007 diodes 4

LM7805 1

100µF capacitor 1

ON/OFF switch 1

1K Resistor 1

2. Microcontroller section

Microcontroller IC (AT89C51) with base 1

Crystal oscillator 1

Capacitor 2

Resistor 1

LCD connector 1

3.Buzzer 1

4.LCD 1

5. Stepper motor 1

6.ON/OFF switch 3

Page 66: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

Software UsedKeil µ Version3.

Equipment used1. Soldering iron2. Solder 3. Flux

PROCEDUREStep 1Circuit diagram of the proposed system is designed and finalized.(Refer to Figure6.1 )

Step 2All the components and software platform to be used are selected which are also mentioned

above.Step 3All the hardware components are soldered on their respective printed circuit board with the help

of soldering iron, solder and flux according to the hardware schematic shown in the FigureStep 4Code/program of the proposed system is developed using assembly language with the help of

software platform (Keil u vision3).The coding could be seen in sectionStep 5The hex code of the program being created by the software platform is burnt into thef lash code

memory of our microcontroller IC 89C51.Step 6Testing is done at various levels to finalize the appropriate program for the most proper working

of the system.

Page 67: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

DESCRIPTION IN DETAIL It mainly consists of following blocks: 1. Microcontroller: This is the CPU (central processing unit) of our

project. We are going to use a microcontroller of 8051 family. The various functions of microcontroller are like:

I. Reading the digital input from KeypadII. Sending this data to LCD so that the person operating this

project should read the passwordIII. Sensing the password using keypad and to check whether it is a

correct password or a wrong password and rotate the stepper motor if the password entered is a correct password.

2. LCD: We are going to use 16×2 alphanumeric Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) which means it can display alphabets along with numbers on 2 lines each containing 16 characters.

3. Keypad: User will enter the password using the keypad. Various keys of keypad are as following,

I. Increment (1 to 9)II. DecrementIII. Enter

Page 68: Project  report on embedded system using 8051 microcontroller

Applications and Advantages:

1. This project can be used in offices, companies also at home. It will provide keyless entry.

2. This can be used in Banks for safety lock.

3. User don’t have to carry keys along with him.

Future Development:

1. We can monitor parameters like fire, overheat

2. We can provide voice feedback system

3. We can interface GSM modem which will send sms if invalid attempt is made to open the lock.