Better nature, better life.
Better nature, better life.
www.esun3d.net
Applications of 3D FDMPrinting Material
SHENZHEN ESUN INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.
Better nature, better life.
2
Content
1 1.FDM
2.PLA applications in 3D printing2
3.PLA modifications3
4.PVA applications in 3D printing4
5.PVA modifications5
6.ESUN 3D filament6
Better nature, better life.
1.FDM
1.1 FDM technology
Esun
Filament spool
Extruder feeds and retracts the thermoplastic filament in precise amounts
Nozzle head heats the filament and turns the flow of the extruded material on and off
Stepper motors or servo motors, controlled by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software package, move the extruder and nozzle head in XYZ directions
Extruded material is laid down in a specific diameter on the bed
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1.2 Why is the FDM3D sector growing so fast?
a. Open-source software reduces the technology threshold, manufacturers focus
on software optimization and merchants focus on structural design, thus
resulting in the involvement of more companies.
b. Market competition leads to decrease in 3D printer price.
Open-source
Pricing decreasedVariety in
printing materials
Cost effectiveness
Government funding
c. Increased variety in printing materials and
reasonable price attracts more attention.
d. Improvements in cost effectiveness allow
entry into individual consumer market.
e. Government funding supports 3D
printing in different countries.
1.FDM
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1 Stability of filaments.
Easily crack Bubble
Block the extruder Inaccurate
diameter
Easily warp
1.3 Main problems of FDM3D material
1.FDM
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1.3 Main problems of FDM3D material
1.FDM
Solution ~ Esun Filament
2 Limited functional materials for unlimited applications.
3 Material fluency compared with prototype speed.
4 Protection of environment and harm to the human body.
Economical pricing.5
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GoodQuality
MaterialsVariety
Economical
EnvironmentallyFriendly
1.4 Standards for good FDM3D material
1.FDM
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2.1 What's PLA ?
2.PLA applications in 3D printing
Poly(lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived
from renewable resources. Due to its wide applications and environmentally friendly
nature, PLA is regarded as “one new industrial revolution in Polymers”.
PLA: Poly(lactic acid) or Polylactide
From renewable resources, such
as:• Corn starch (in the United States)• Tapioca roots, chips or starch
(mostly in Asia)• Sugarcane (in the rest of the
world)
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2.2 Advantages of PLA
Bio-based Low shrink rateEnvironmentally
FriendlyBiocompatibility Transparent
2.PLA applications in 3D printing
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http://news.typeamachines.com/
Name: Turbofan
Material: Esun PLA
Company: Type A Machi
nes
(USA)
Place: BAY MAKER FAIRE,
USA
Date: May, 2013.
2.PLA applications in 3D printing
Better nature, better life.
Although PLA has good performance, it
still requires some modifications
before it can be effectively used for
3D printing.
1. Control Melt Flow Index.
2. Match crystallization and rapid
prototype technology.
3. Improve Impact Strength.
4. Improve temperature resistance.
5. Lifetime study on PLA.
6. Functional optimization.
2.3 Improvements of PLA for FDM3D printing
2.PLA applications in 3D printing
Better nature, better life.
3.1 2D nucleation system — control PLA cooling speed
Item Unit PLA1001 1D structure
2D structure ABS
Solidification Time S 15 10 6 10
Tensile Yield Strength MPa 63 60 58 45
Table 1 Influence of crystallization on PLA solidification time
3.PLA modifications
PLA with poorcooling speed
PLA with goodcooling speed
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Item Unit PLA
PLA: Ingredient (95:5)PLA: Ingredient
(90:10)
Ingredient1#
Ingredient2#
Ingredient3#
Ingredient4#
Ingredient 2#
Tensile Yield Strength
MPa 69.1 48.0 44.2 60.4 46.7 40.4
Elongation at Break
% 5.5 5.5 9.8 3.4 9.6 13.1
Flexural Strength MPa 61.1 65.0 53.9 53.7 53.3 49.4
Flexural Modulus MPa 2732 2768 1959 2830 2090 1678
Impact Strength KJ/m2 3.5 5.2 4.72 4.63 4.27 5.55
Table 2 Influence of STIS on PLA performance
3.2 Improvement of PLA Impact Strength
3.2.1 Single toughness improvement system(STIS) is limited to increase PLA toughness
3.PLA modifications
Better nature, better life.
3.2.2 Influence of added ingredient on PLA performance
Figure 1 Influence of ingredienton PLA toughness
Figure 2 Influence of ingredient on PLA Tensile Yield Strength and Flexural Strength
0 5 10 154
5
6
7
8
Not
ched
Izod
Impa
ct (
kJ/m
2)
Toughening Agent Content %( )0 5 10 15
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
Ten
sile
Str
engt
h (M
Pa)
Toughening Agent Content %( )
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
Elo
ngat
ion
at B
reak
(%
)
3.PLA modifications
Better nature, better life.
0 5 10 156
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Not
ched
Izod
Impa
ct (
kJ/m
2)
Content (%)
0 5 10 1522
24
26
28
30
32
34
Content (%)
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
Ten
sile
Str
engt
h (M
Pa)
Fle
xura
l Str
engt
h (M
Pa)
3.PLA modifications
3.2.3 Influence of added ingredient on PLA Impact Strength
Figure 3 Influence of ingredienton PLA toughness
Figure 4 Influence of ingredient on PLA Tensile Yield Strength and Flexural Strength
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Toughened PLA1# 2# 3# 4#0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.72
6.35
4.32
5.71 5.54
Rigid Particle Types
Not
ched
Izod
Impa
ct (
kJ/m
2)
44.2 43.6
55.6
49.2 48.8
Toughened PLA 1# 2# 3# 4#0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ten
sile
Str
engt
h (M
Pa)
Rigid Particle Types
AIM : Increase friction between clamping tooth, reduce relative shift and ensure stable material feeding
RESULT : Improve printing precision, size stability and warp resistance.
Figure 5 Influence of different rigid particle on PLA toughness
Figure 6 Influence of different rigid particle on Tensile Yield Strength
3.3 Presence of rigid particles help reduce the shift between material clamping tooth
3.PLA modifications
Presence of certain rigid particles
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3.4 Improvement of PLA printing fluency
Just like writing needs smooth ink flow, 3D printing with FDM technology needs materials with good fluency. Material fluency cannot be too fast or too slow, it must match the printing speed. This ensures that printing precision is maintained and not degraded.
Material fluency is closely related to PLA melting speed, where Esun employs the following factors to ensure optimal PLA melting speed:
1. Adjust PLA molecular weight and distribution when synthesizing PLA.2. Further addition of molecular weight ingredient to control PLA melting
speed.3. Adopt composite lubrication system to control PLA melting speed.4. Adopt sheet structure and fiber material to adjust PLA melting speed.
3.PLA modifications
Better nature, better life.
3.5 PLA Lifetime adjustment
1. Method adopted: Generation of various compounds to adjust PLA lifetime
2. Current compounds tested: PLA/PHA, PLA/PCL, PLA/PBS, PLA/PPC,
PLA/PBC, PLA/PEG by melting mix, and printing body organs via FDM
technology for medical application.
3.PLA modifications
Better nature, better life.
4.1 What's PVA ?
PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. Two
methods are usually used to obtain PVA.
1. Oil Method:
Ethene Vinyl acetate Polyvinyl alcohol
2. Carbide method:
Ethyne Vinyl acetate Polyvinyl alcohol
4.PVA applications in 3D printing
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4.2 Advantages of PVA
Low shrink rateEnvironmentally
FriendlyGood adhesion
Soluble in water under normal temp.
4.PVA applications in 3D printing
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4.3 Applications of PVA
Remove supporting structures due to
PVA’s water soluble property.
Co-printing with many materials possible
due to PVA’s good adhesive property.
Safe, environmentally friendly and low-
carbon characteristic.
PVA's dissolving process
4.PVA applications in 3D printing
Better nature, better life.
4.4 Defects of pure PVA in FDM 3D printing
Low fluency for printing
2High melting temperature,
hard to plasticize
1Cannot print continuously
3
4.PVA applications in 3D printing
Better nature, better life.
5.1 Improvement on plasticity and printing temperature
Figure 7 Influence of plasticizer on PVA plasticity and printing
5.PVA modifications
Mel
t T
empe
ratu
re (
°C)
Plasticizer Content (phr)
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Figure 8 Influence of ingredient on adjustment of PVA melting speed
5.2 Improvement on printing fluency
5.PVA modifications
Better nature, better life.
1. Increasing friction between clamping
teeth and pressure bearing capacity
— to ensure stable material feeding.
2. Reducing the expansion coefficient and
shrink ratio of filament
— to improve dimensional stability and
anti-warp capacity, which improves
printing precision.
5.3 Improvement on continuous printing of PVA
5.PVA modifications
Esun
More friction
Less shrinkage
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6.ESUN 3D Filament
6.1 About ESUNEstablished in 2002 and located in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen Esun Industrial Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in researching, developing, producing and operating degradable polymer materials, such as PLA and Polymorph. ESUN owns three different R&D centers, which specialize in material syntheses, modification and application.
Since 2007, ESUN has began to research 3D printing materials. So far, ESUN has successfully developed PLA, ABS, PVA (water soluble support), conductive, HIPS, PA, Polymorph, and PC filaments etc. With the exclusive professional formulas and professional production lines, ESUN 3D filament is characterized by absolutely round shape, accurate diameter, high tenacity, uniform color shade and stable melting point.
Better nature, better life.
6.ESUN 3D Filament
Better nature, better life.
Products: PLA, ABS, PVA, PC, HIPS, conductive and nylon etc.
Diameter: 3.0mm, 1.75mm
Spool N.W: 0.5kg, 1kg
Color: 19 colors
6.ESUN 3D Filament
Better nature, better life.
6.ESUN 3D Filament
Better nature, better life.
6.ESUN 3D Filament
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6.ESUN 3D Filament
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6.ESUN 3D Filament
Wood filament
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Makerbot Up
Cubify RepRap
Suitable for Makerbot,Up,RepRap,Cubify and any other FDM 3D printers !
6.ESUN 3D Filament
Esun 3D filaments are compatible with major 3D printer brands, such as:
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R&D on PLA
1. PLA filament2. ABS filament
R&D on 12 colors of ABS and PLA filament
1. Soft PLA filament2. Nylon filament3. Conductive filament4. PC filament
1. FDM special filament2. SLA material3. SLS material
Powder and other material for various 3D printers
1. PVA filament2. HIPS filament3. Fluorescence filament
2002
2007
2011
2012 2014
After 20142013
6.ESUN 3D Filament
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SGSFDA DIN
6.ESUN 3D Filament
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eSun’s expo & speech in 2014
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THANKS !Welcome to our booth 101
SHENZHEN ESUN INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.
[email protected]+86 755 26031978