Industrial Revolution
Historical Significance of the Industrial Revolution
• An ancient Greek or Roman & Europe in 1700 = basically the same life as pre-Industrialization• agriculture and technology were not much changed in
2000+ years
• The Industrial Revolution changed human life drastically
•More was created in the last 250+ years of history than in the previous 2500+ years
What was the Industrial Revolution?
• fundamental change •way goods were produced • human labor machines
•The more efficient means of production and subsequent higher levels of production triggered far-reaching changes to industrialized societies
The Factory System
The Factory System
×Rigid schedule.
×12-14 hour day.
×Dangerous conditions.
×Mind-numbing monotony.
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
Young “Bobbin-Doffers”
Young “Bobbin-Doffers”
John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”
John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”
The Power LoomThe Power Loom
James Watt’s Steam Engine
James Watt’s Steam Engine
Steam TractorSteam Tractor
Steam ShipSteam Ship
An Early Steam Locomotive
An Early Steam Locomotive
Later LocomotivesLater Locomotives
The Impact of the Railroad
The Impact of the Railroad
Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851
Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851
Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.
Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on
Display
Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on
Display
19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche
19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche
Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie
Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie
Stereotype of the Factory Owner
Stereotype of the Factory Owner
“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life
“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life
This is one of the things we love about Downton
Abbey. It shows the life above stairs
and below stairs.
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages
under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.
11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.
17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.
22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.
27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.
32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.
37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.
42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.
47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.
52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.
57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.
What do you notice?
Industrial Staffordshire
Industrial Staffordshire
Problems of Pollution
Problems of Pollution
The Silent Highwayman - 1858
The New Industrial City
The New Industrial City
Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore
Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore
Worker Housing in Manchester
Worker Housing in Manchester
Factory Workers at Home
Factory Workers at Home
This picture tells us many things about the “have
nots” in the Industrial Age1. How many people are in
this room?
2. What are they doing?
3. Is this what people usually do at home?
4. Why would they be doing this at home,
after hours?
Workers Housing in Newcastle TodayWorkers Housing in Newcastle Today
Have conditions changed much for the working class today?
The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists
× People as a society should operate and own the means of production, not individuals.
× Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
× Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].
Industrialization By 1850
Industrialization By 1850
Railroads on the Continent
Railroads on the Continent
Art of the Industrial Revolution Era
Cultural Impact: Romanticism
The Romantics glorified the divine power of nature as a
reaction to the Industrial
Revolution’s achievement of
controlling nature through technology.
Cultural Impact: The Visual Arts
French artist Honore Daumier painted the
poor and working classes. In Third-Class Carriage (shown here), he illustrates with great compassion a group of
people on a train journey.
Romanticism• Reaction to the Enlightenment
• Writers = combined history, legend, folklore
• Music & art – emphasized feelings
Realism• Represent the world as it
was, not idealistic
• Often portrayed the poor and their struggles
Impressionism• The first “impression” of a scene from the
viewer’s perspective
J.M.W. Turner
The Fighting “Temeraire”
Cultural Impact: The Visual Arts
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