Started on July 28, 1914 Ended November 11, 1918 Almost 8
million died because of the war Russia having the most : 1.7
million 22,000,000 wounded MAP OF EUROPE GREATLY CHANGED
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
German philosopher, political economist, historian, political
theorist, sociologist, communist & revolutionary Ideas created
foundation of communism Argued capitalism would produce internal
tension and lead to destruction. Created The Communist Manifesto
(1848)
Slide 7
Wrote: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,
1859 All plants and animals have evolved over a long period of time
Those who survived had adapted to the environment The Descent of
Man, 1871 Ideas highly controversial; gradually accepted
Slide 8
Now for a bit of humor The continuing Evolution of man
Slide 9
The Causes of World War I M ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N
ationalism
Slide 10
Militarism - Building up weapons and forces to get ready for
war
Slide 11
Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships The
British feared an attack on their Empire, so they built even more
battleships
Slide 12
Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their
armies
Slide 13
World War I was the first war in which advanced weaponry and
tactics were used There was a race for creating more weapons of
mass destruction among nations There was a desire to create a large
amount of weapons as well as building up a nations army and
navy
Slide 14
Slide 15
Nation# of aircraft in 1914Size of Army in 1914# of soldiers
who fought in war Austria-Hungary343 million7.8 million
Britain110975 0008.9 million France1604 million8.4 million
Germany2464.5 million11 million Russia3006 million12 million United
States200 0004.4 million
Slide 16
Alliances Alliance - Agreement or promise to defend and help
another country, with military help if necessary
Slide 17
Alliances Aid Supporting another country with the use of goods
Treaty An agreement to not attack each other
Slide 18
Alliances By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system
of alliances. The alliances made it more likely that a war would
start. Once started, the alliances made war more likely to
spread.
Slide 19
Alliances By 1907, Europe was divided into two armed and rather
fearful camps
Slide 20
Alliances Triple AllianceTriple Entente Germany Austria-
Hungary Italy Great Britain France Russia
Slide 21
Alliances
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
Imperialism - When one country takes over another territory to
try to build up an Empire Empire Where a powerful country controls
several less powerful countries
Slide 25
All the great powers were competing for colonies and territory
The fiercest competition was between Britain and Germany and
between France and Germany
Slide 26
Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after
the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution.
These countries competed for economic expansion in Africa. Clash of
France against Germany and Britain in North Africa
Slide 27
Slide 28
Slide 29
The British did not want Germany involved in Africa
Slide 30
In the Middle East, the crumbling Ottoman Empire was alluring
to Austria- Hungary, the Balkans and Russia The Austrians did not
want Serbia or Russia in the Balkans
Slide 31
Nationalism Nationalism having pride in your country, willing
to defend it Annex to add as an extra part Think: What are some
holidays where people celebrate pride in their heritage?
Slide 32
Nationalism This was an age when all nations wanted to assert
their power and independence Ottoman Empire ruled the Balkan area
for 400 years
Slide 33
Nationalism The Balkan Area Balkans Albanians, Greeks,
Romanians, and Slav Slavs in Austria-Hungary, aided by Serbia and
Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule Each group was
struggling for their own independence
Slide 34
Nationalism Bosnia AArea of great hostility AAustria- Hungary
annexed Bosnia as one of its territories in 1908 SSerbia was newly
independent and thought that Bosnia should be one of their
territories THIS BECAME AN AREA OF CONFLICT
Slide 35
Kaiser Wilhelm II Aggressive foreign policy wanted Germany to
be a Bully Built up German army and navy Determined to make Germany
a top nation Distrusted by other powers Germany must have its place
in the sun The world belongs to the strong.
Slide 36
Count Berchtold Austrian Foreign Minister, later Prime Minister
Hated Serbia, wanted a reason to have a war with them
Slide 37
The Spark
Slide 38
June 28, 1914 Heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand,
visits Sarajevo Sarajevo was the capital of Bosnia, recently
grabbed by Austria Sarajevo was the center of Slav nationalism
Slide 39
Slide 40
THE BLACK HAND Black Hand: Serbian nationalist group The main
objective of the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence,
of a Greater Serbia. Seal of the Black Hand group
Slide 41
Black Hand terrorists attack on the Arch Duke Bomb attempt in
the morning fails to kill the Arch Duke Later in the day, Serb
nationalist Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and his wife
Slide 42
Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists Austrians,
supported by Germany, send Serbia a tough ultimatum Serbia agrees
to all but two terms of the ultimatum Russia prepares troops to
support Serbia
Slide 43
Germany demands that the Russian army stand down Germany
declares war on Russia
Slide 44
Domino Effect Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for Ferdinands
death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for
Austria Hungary. Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
Slide 45
Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges
their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany
invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports
Belgium and declares war on Germany.